1) The Earth formed over 4.6 billion years through the accretion and differentiation of gases and planetesimals clumping together via gravitational forces. 2) Early Earth had extreme temperatures and volatile composition, but stabilized over time allowing the first lifeforms to emerge and eventually diversify. 3) Human activity since the Industrial Revolution has caused widespread environmental degradation through pollution, resource exploitation, and climate change, threatening biodiversity and livability. 4) While governments have been slow to act, individuals can make a difference through choices to reduce waste and emissions, educate others, and support sustainable practices.

1. The elephantine blue ball made of gases and water that we live on wasn't formed all of a sudden.
It has evolved into what it is right now in a span of 4.6 billion years! There was no life on it
when it was formed- it was just a massive ball of gases. Let us now see what stages the Earth
has been through to attain all that it is now.
Earth over the aeons
Scientists believe that the universe is constantly expanding and that the Earth has been formed
through this process as well. Planets are believed to have been formed out of stars which are
made of gases coming together and getting bound. Due to centripetal force, the gases present on
the outside get accumulated in the centre and form the core. The core is then surrounded by gas
and dust. This body then starts getting condensed and the gas and dust turn into small- rounded
celestial bodies. As a result of cohesion, they form Planetesimals. Due to gravitational force,
these smaller bodies stick together and form what are called as planets. The planet, then, has a
uniform composition of gases but later on, witnesses differentiation wherein the gases are
separated in order to form a planet with heterogeneous composition. And through the process of
accretion (wherein the planet gets bigger through the formation of layers), the planet's size
increases.
In the same way, the Earth too was formed. In the beginning, it had extreme temperatures, had
barren land and was rocky. The atmosphere was composed only of hydrogen and helium. The
Earth, initially, had no lifeforms in existence. It had an extremely turbulent atmosphere. Due to

2. this, temperature was high as well. Given the high temperatures, various materials started getting
liquefied. The heavy ones sunk to the bottom (i.e., the core) while those with lower densities
went on to form the crust. As time passes, the temperatures decreased.
In the beginning, the conditions that prevailed were the least suitable for any lifeforms. But as
time passed, minute organisms came into existence. Experts believe that all lifeforms we see
today have slowly evolved out of these very unicellular organisms. Due to ecological succession,
the flora and fauna developed on the Earth. So did humans. Also, with time changed the
landscape of the Earth. There were only two pieces of land (Angara and Gondwana) which were
separated by a huge water body called the Tethys sea in the initial stages. But according to the
Continental Drift theory, the most famous of the theories related to this, these huge masses of
land (referred to as plates) moved slightly for centuries and in fact, move till date. Due to this
movement, the Earth as taken its current shape. This has also helped form the various landforms
that we see now- the plains, the plateaus, the mountains, the rivers, the waterfalls, the lakes etc.
And with all this developed the biodiversity that we see today.
Mass destruction of the Earth
Once upon a time, the Earth was full of greenery. Many poets would write about the beauty of
nature. But there are hardly any such places left now. Man has destroyed the Earth. He is still
trying to destroy the already devastated Earth!
Man has lived in peaceful coexistence with nature. The primitive humans did kill animals for
food; The early men did eat the leaves and fruits from trees. But he never meddled with the
nature. He wasn't so greedy that he would destroy everything nature had given him. After leading
nomadic lives, due to the discovery of fire and wheel, man began a sedentary lifestyle. He grew
his own food by the rivers or canals and lived peacefully without disturbing the nature. Then,
there were those that wanted to control the rest for the sake of possessing land. They eventually
became kings. They fought wars over other kings and seized lands. Man still coexisted with
nature. Then came the Industrial Revolution. It made man extremely selfish. So selfish that he
couldn't even realize that the damage he was causing the Earth would someday effect him.
Man began felling trees. He polluted the land, the water as well as the air. He started poaching
animals for his own benefits. He embraced the technological advancement (I don't claim that it is
wrong but too much is always too bad). Man began using electronic appliances that emit
pollutants and deteriorate the atmosphere. He used (and is still using) cars that release chemicals
that are harmful to the ozone layer as well as for one's lungs. He began using plastic that in itself
is a huge bane. He didn't bother about the population explosion that further worsened the
situation. The Earth's biodiversity was hit badly.
Climate change. Polluted water bodies. Impure air. Barely any trees to make the condition better.
Melting ice caps. Dying aquatic animals. Earthquakes and floods on large scale. Ocean
acidification. Increase in extinct and endangered species of flora and fauna. Coral bleaching.
Radiation from cell towers as well as from nuclear explosions. Rising sea levels. Overpopulation.
Inefficient waste management. Overgrazing by animals. Usage of pesticides and fertilizers that
eventually pollute the water bodies (Eutrophication). Landslides caused due to deforestation.

3. Desertification. Unseasoned monsoons. Running out of fossil fuels. Resources depletion.
Drastically falling groundwater levels. Overfishing. Exploitation of the natural resources... Man
has left no stone unturned! The humankind has now started realizing the impact its actions have
had not only on other beings but also on itself. Had this not effected man, he would have been
the least bothered about the changes in his very own vicinity.
Now, governments of various nations are getting involved in dialog so as to right the historical
wrongs. Though many people don't even bother to save the Earth, it is a global crisis. Or
everyone must be ready for a catastrophe.
Small steps count
Though many scientists are of the opinion that environmental degradation is due to the emission
of greenhouse gases, the governments have not taken steps towards the same. Many activists
have been trying to make things better by protesting against the wrongdoings of man and by
explaining them the problems it brings. But there has been minimal change in the mindset of the
people. But this should not discourage one from doing things that would matter. Everyone
contribution does count!
Read: Global Warming
So, here are a few solutions that one could incorporate into one's life in order to make a
difference.
 Educate people aroundregardingthe issue: Whetherliteratesorilliterates,manypeoplearen't
aware of howtheyare causingthe environmenttodegrade.It'sreallyimportantone teaches
themaboutthisproblem.None wouldobeyarandomactivistandhence,the educatedand
well-informedmusttake upthisjobfor the greatergood.One must be made aware of the
negative consequencesof these changesinthe environmentandkeepupdatingthemwiththe
currentaffairspertainingtothe environmentsothattheyunderstandwhattrulythe problemis.
 Avoidcarbon emissions: One wouldbetterwalktonearbyplacesoruse cyclesforplacesthat
are a little far.Usingone'sprivate vehiclescausesfarmore damage tothe atmosphere than
usingpublictransportlike trains,busesandmetro.But,incase one wantsone'sown vehicle,
one coulduse electricvehicles.
 Quit usageof paper: Productionof paperisone reasonbehindthe growingdeforestation.
Whenconsumptionof paperisdecreased,itsproductionmarketgetscollapsedandthiswould
discourage productionof paperaswell aschoppingdownof trees.
 Buy products selectively:Whenone is outshopping,one mustmake sure purchasingthat
productwill harmthe environmentinnoway.Anothersimplewaytoprotectthe biodiversityis
by followingthe principle of 3Rs- Reduce,Reuse andRecycle.
 Small scale agriculture:One couldgrow variousplantsas well asfoodcrops inone'sbackyard.
Theycoulddo thiswithoutusingfertilizersandpesticidesbymakinguse of compost.
 Effective waste management: One mustknow where to dispose wastes.There mustbe aware
of whatgoesintowhichdustbin.One couldalsodiga compostpitand make manure init.This
manure couldbe usedas any organicfertilizerforthe plants.One mustteachthisto one'sfamily
as well asrelatives.

4. Earth is one of its kind. It can support life and this, in itself, is a wonderful thing. But man's
deeds have effected the Earth very badly. And it is now our responsibility to ensure the world is
made a better place to live in. Let's all do the most we can and fulfil our onus.