Romanticism originated in England in 1798 as a literary and artistic movement that emphasized emotions, mysticism, and the beauty of nature in reaction to the rationalism of the Enlightenment. It influenced various art forms, including visual arts and music, promoting themes of nationalism and the individual creator's spirit. Key figures included poets like William Wordsworth and artists like Caspar David Friedrich, with music flourishing through composers such as Chopin and Wagner.

1. The Romantic Period O riginated in England in 1798

2. The literary movement The literary and artistic movement known as Romanticism originated in England in 1798 (with the publication of _Lyrical Ballads_, a collection of poems by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge)

3. and quickly spread from there to the rest of Europe and America. A reaction against the Age of Reason that saw both the American and the French Revolutions,

4. Romanticism emphasized everything the previous age had not: feelings, emotions--the heart over the head--mysticism and instinct, natural man over civilized man.

5. Natural places (the wilder, the better) became focal points for paintings and poems; the supernatural gained a new credibility; and the human heart took precedence over all.

6. Characteristics of Romanticism Resulting in part from the libertarian and egalitarian ideals of the French Revolution, the romantic movements had in common only a revolt against the prescribed rules of classicism.

7. The basic aims of romanticism were various: a return to nature and to belief in the goodness of humanity; the rediscovery of the artist as a supremely individual creator; the development of nationalistic pride;

8. and the exaltation of the senses and emotions over reason and intellect. In addition, romanticism was a philosophical revolt against rationalism.

9. Wanderer above the sea of fog by Caspar David Friedrich

10. Romanticism in the Visual Arts In the visual arts romanticism is used to refer loosely to a trend that appears at any time, and specifically to the art of the early 19th cent.

11. Nineteenth-century romanticism was characterized by the avoidance of classical forms and rules, emphasis on the emotional and spiritual, representation of the unattainable ideal, nostalgia for the grace of past ages, and a predilection for exotic themes.

12. Third of May by Francisco Goya

13. The Fighting Téméraire tugged to her last Berth to be broken , J.M.W. Turner

14. Liberty Leading the People by Eugène Delacroix

15. A Romantic heroine

16. A Romantic heroine: in The Lady of Shalott (1888) John William Waterhouse 's realistic technique depicts a neo-medieval subject drawn from Arthurian Romance

17. Episode of the Belgian Revolution of 1830 by Egide Charles Gustave Wappers : A romantic vision

18. Nationalism One of Romanticism's key ideas and most enduring legacies is the assertion of nationalism, which became a central theme of Romantic art and political philosophy. From the earliest parts of the movement, with their focus on development of national languages and folklore ,

19. and the importance of local customs and traditions, to the movements which would redraw the map of Europe and lead to calls for self-determination of nationalities, nationalism was one of the key vehicles of Romanticism, its role, expression and meaning.

20. Romanticism in Music Romanticism in music was characterized by an emphasis on emotion and great freedom of form. It attained its fullest development in the works of German composers. Although elements of romanticism are present in the music of Beethoven, Weber,

21. and Schubert it reached its zenith in the works of Berlioz, Mendelssohn, Schumann, Chopin, Liszt, and Wagner. Less totally romantic composers usually placed in the middle period of romanticism are Brahms, Tchaikovsky, and Grieg; those grouped in the last phase include Elgar, Puccini, Mahler, Richard Strauss, and Sibelius.

22. Ludwig van Beethoven

23. Frédéric Chopin

24. Romantic music The era of Romantic music is defined as the period of European classical music that runs roughly from 1820 to 1900 , as well as music written according to the norms and styles of that period.

25. The Romantic period was preceded by the classical period and the late classical period of which most music is by Beethoven , and was followed by the modernist period .

26. More about The Romanticism Romanticism had 4 basic principles: “the original unity of man and nature in a Golden Age; the subsequent separation of man from nature and the fragmentation of human faculties;

27. the interpretability of the history of the universe in human, spiritual terms; and the possibility of salvation through the contemplation of nature.”

28. The above-mentioned Golden Age is a reference to the time in the Garden of Eden, before the Fall of Man, when it was believed that man was wholly united with nature.

29. After the Fall, man was disconnected with nature, and so Romantic thinkers sought to reunite man with nature and therefore his natural state.

30. By respectfully studying nature, humans could hope to understand their world and themselves and therefore gain entry back into Paradise, the epitome of natural perfection and harmony amongst all species,

31. including man; this was their salvation. Romantics also attributed the Fall from grace to the “culmination of the analytic and judgmental approach” that marked Enlightenment thinking

32. Resources http://www.bartleby.com/65/ro/romantic.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanticism#Characteristics www.tacomacc.edu/HOME/searle/ Romanticism %20lecture.doc