The personal "a"
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The personal "a" is a construction unique to Spanish that precedes direct objects that are people. It indicates the receiver of the action and is required in Spanish, unlike in English. The personal "a" may also be used with domesticated animals if the speaker has personal feelings for the animal, but it is not used with objects that are neither people nor personal animals, or after certain verbs like tener and hay, even if the direct object is a person.
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This document outlines the discipline plan for the Spanish I/II class at Worth County High School. It explains that students will be expected to commit at least 10 hours per week to studying at home to succeed in the rigorous college preparatory curriculum. The discipline plan has a three-step process involving verbal warnings, parental contact, and referrals for repeated offenses. Certain behaviors like cell phone use, profanity, fighting, or disrespect will result in immediate referral to administration. Students are also prohibited from grooming, sleeping, skipping class, cheating, or damaging school property in the classroom.
Ir + a + infinitive
The document discusses how to say "going to" in Spanish using the formula "ir + a + infinitive". It provides examples of how to conjugate the verb "ir" and use the infinitive of other verbs, such as "voy a leer" for "I'm going to read". It then gives a quiz with translations of sentences using this formula, such as "Sr. Perez va a estar allí" for "Sr. Perez is going to be there". The document encourages practicing this construction more in class.
Verbs with -g in the Yo form
This document discusses the "-go" verbs in Spanish, which are a group of verbs that have an irregular yo form ending in "-go". The yo forms are: conozco, hago, pongo, salgo, sé, tengo, traigo, vengo. The other verb forms are regular. Tener and venir are also stem-changing, changing their form in tú, él/ella, and ellos/ellas. Examples of mixing the verb forms are provided.
Calendario
El documento presenta vocabulario relacionado con el calendario español, incluyendo los días de la semana, meses, estaciones del año, y cómo expresar fechas. Explica que los días de la semana y meses no se capitalizan, y cómo formar oraciones para decir la fecha actual u otras fechas relativas como "mañana" o "la semana pasada". También cubre vocabulario numérico y conceptos como el día del santo en la cultura hispana.
Colores
El documento lista diferentes colores como amarillo, blanco, negro, rojo, violeta, rosa, marrón, azul, verde y naranja, así como patrones como a rayas y con puntos. Los colores están enumerados de forma desordenada sin puntuación.
Como eres
El documento describe diferentes características físicas como los ojos (azules, verdes, marrones) y el pelo (rubio, moreno, castaño, negro, pelirrojo). También especifica peinados como liso, rizado, ondulado y longitudes como corto, mediano y largo.
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The personal "a"
- 1. The “personal a” a construction unique to Spanish
- 2. The direct object is the noun or pronoun that receives the action of the verb In the following sentences, the direct objects are underlined. Mike hit the ball. George calls Mary. He calls her.
- 3. In Spanish, when the direct object is a person, it is preceded by the preposition "a." This word has no English translation.
- 4. Jorge llama a María. From the perspective of the English speaker, the personal "a" appears to be an extra word. From the perspective of the Spanish speaker, the personal "a" is required, and not to use it is a serious error.
- 5. La mujer acaricia a su perro. (acariciar) The woman pets her dog. El perro persigue a la gata. (perseguir) The dog chases the cat. The personal "a" may also be used if the direct object is a domesticated animal, especially a pet, provided that the speaker attaches some sort of personal feelings towards the animal.
- 6. The personal "a" is not used when the direct object is not a person or is an animal for which no personal feelings are felt. Bebo la leche. (beber) I drink the milk. -- milk is neither a person nor an animal Miro la jirafa. (mirar) I look at the giraffe. -- no personal feelings are felt towards the giraffe
- 7. The personal "a" is not used after the verb tener, or the verb form hay. This is true even if the direct object is a person. Tengo dos hermanos. (tener) I have two brothers. Hay cinco chicas. There are five girls.