The document summarizes the partition of India in 1947 and the resulting largest human migration in history. Millions of Hindus and Muslims crossed borders between India and the newly created Pakistan, with estimates of deaths from violence and chaos ranging from 200,000 to over 1 million. Over 10 million people were displaced as they traveled by foot, carts, and trains to their promised homelands. The massive population exchange in the summer of 1947 left behind a trail of death and destruction as the borders of India and Pakistan were drawn.

1. NOTHING BUT THE
TRUTH
THE PARTITION OF INDIA
1947

2. TRIBUTE FOR ALL THE
PEOPLE WHO SACRIFICE
THEIR LIFE IN THIS
LARGEST HUMAN
MIGRATION ON EARTH.

3. Millions left for their
promised new homeland with
smiles on their faces as trains
left both India and Pakistan.
This is a train to Pakistan
being given a warm send-off.

5. In 1947, the border between
India and its new neighbour
Pakistan became a river of
blood, as the exodus erupted
into rioting.

6. As India and Pakistan become
independent, 14.5 million people crossed
borders to ensure their safely in an
increasingly lawless and communal
environment. While the British authority
was gone, the newly formed governments
were completely unequipped to deal with
migrations of such staggering magnitude,
and massive violence and slaughter
occurred on both sides of the border along
communal lines. Estimates of the number
of deaths range around roughly 500,000,
with low estimates at 200,000 and high
estimates at 1,000,000.

8. Over 10 million people were
uprooted from their homeland
and travelled on foot, bullock
carts and trains to their promised
new home.

11. An aged and abandoned
Muslim couple and their
grand children sitting by the
roadside on this arduous
journey.
"The old man is dying of
exhaustion. The caravan has
gone on," wrote Bourke-
White.

13. The massive exchange of
population that took place in
the summer of 1947 was
unprecedented.
It left behind a trail of death
and destruction. The Indian
map was slashed to make way
for a new country - Pakistan.

16. In a couple of months in the
summer of 1947, a million
people were slaughtered on
both sides in the religious
rioting.
Here, bodies of the victims of
rioting are picked up from a
city street.

23. The street was short and
narrow. Lying like the garbage
across the street and in its
open gutters were bodies of
the dead.
MAN EATER VULTURES ARE
ALSO WAITING FOR THEIR
TURN

25. With the tragic legacy of an
uncertain future, a young
refugee sits on the walls of
Purana Qila, transformed into
a vast refugee camp in Delhi.

27. Men, women and children who
died in the rioting were cremated
on a mass scale.
Villagers even used oil and
kerosene when wood was scarce.

29. THE TRUTH

30. In July 1946, Jinnah held a press conference at
his home in Bombay where he declared his
intent to create Pakistan. Jinnah proclaimed that
the Muslim league was "preparing to launch a
struggle" and that they "have chalked a plan". He
had decided to boycott the Constituent
Assembly. He rejected the British plan for
transfer of power to an interim government
which would combine both the Muslim League
and the Indian National Congress. He said that if
the Muslims were not granted Pakistan then he
would launch "Direct Action". When asked to
specify Jinnah retorted: "Go to the Congress and
ask them their plans.

31. When they take you into their confidence I will
take you into mine. Why do you expect me alone
to sit with folded hands? I also am going to make
trouble."
On the next day, Jinnah announced August 16,
1946 would be "Direct Action Day" for the
purpose of winning the separate Muslim state
and warned congress, "We do not want war, if
you want war we accept your offer
unhesitatingly. We shall have India divided or
we shall have India destroyed." Muslim League
Council Meeting held during the period 27 July–
29 July 1946 passed a resolution declaring, the
Direct Action Day was intended to unfold “direct
action for the achievement of Pakistan.”

32. THANKS TO
BRITISH LIBRARY
ENCYLOPEDIA OF INDIA
AND
THE GREAT BOOKS
THE TRAIN TO PAKISTAN
THE CARAVAN IS GONE
POSTED BY
JAYAKRISHNAN