This is what we call bioluminescence. Bioluminesence is the process of emmiting light by living organisms as the result of chemical reaction. The organisms are like jellyfish, fireflies, wormtail and there's also dinoflagellates. Our study is about Vadhoo Island in Maldives which has sparkling water if you see at night. That's so beautiful. If u wanna see vadhoo island, just see the first page. That's all. -cincin
This is what we call bioluminescence. Bioluminesence is the process of emmiting light by living organisms as the result of chemical reaction. The organisms are like jellyfish, fireflies, wormtail and there's also dinoflagellates. Our study is about Vadhoo Island in Maldives which has sparkling water if you see at night. That's so beautiful. If u wanna see vadhoo island, just see the first page. That's all. -cincin
Bioluminescence is the production and emission of light
from a living organism including some fungi belonging to Basidiomycotina and few fungi belonging to Ascomycotina
Bioluminescence is the production and emission of light
from a living organism including some fungi belonging to Basidiomycotina and few fungi belonging to Ascomycotina
Origin of life in universe is most debating and interesting topic for all scientist .which divided in 3 parts chemosynthesis theory ,RNA world hypothesis and some evidence about extraterrestrial life.
Presentation is about the "Origin of Life". Many theories being proposed to clearly explains how does Life actually came into existence on our planet Earth.
COMPLETE DETAILED DESCRIPTION ON EVOLUTION OF LIFE ON EARTH. MILLER UREY EXPERIMENT. SELF REPLICATING DNA. EARLY CELL LIKE STRUCTURE. PANSPERMIA . PHOTOSYNTHESIS. EMERGENCE OF HUMAN.
Life, living matter are those that shows certain attributes that include responsiveness, growth, metabolism, energy transformation and reproduction.
In biology origin of life or abiogenesis is the natural process by which life has arisen from non-living matter, such as simple organic compounds.
It means the emergence of heritable and evolvable self-reproduction.
It is a complex subject and oftentimes controversial.
Several attempts have been made from time to time to explain the origin of life on earth.
There are several theories which offer their own explanation on the possible mechanism of origin of life.
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The Origin Of Life
1. THE ORIGIN OF LIFE
The Evolutionary History of
Biological Diversity
2. Chemical Evolution
Most biologists favored the hypothesis that life on
Earth developed from living materials that became
ordered in to molecular aggregates that were eventually
capable of self-replication and metabolism
3. Biogenesis Paradox
Spontaneous Generation
Life emerging from inanimate materials
Louis Pasteur
Biogenesis
“Life-from-Life”
Reproduction of previous life
Early Earth
Conditions were very different; oxygen, lightning, volcanic activity, sunlight
4. Four Stage Hypothesis
1) Abiotic synthesis of small organic molecules; amino
acids, nucleotides
2) Joining of these molecules into polymers; proteins,
nucleic acids
3) Origin of self-replicating molecules that made
inheritance possible
4) Packaging into Protobionts--droplets with
membranes and an inner chemical composition
different than its surrounding
5. Pasteur and
Biogenesis of
Microorganisms
1) Sterilized Beef Broth,
after few days broth
became spoiled with
microorganisms
2) Sealed sterile broth
remained sterile for
months
3a) Swan-neck flasks
traps dust and
microorganisms,
remained sterile
3b) Broken swan-neck
gave access to
microorganisms; broth
spoiled
6. Abiotic synthesis
Oparin & Heldane independently postulated that early
environments favored abiotic synthesis
Oxygen attacks chemical bonds, extracting electrons
Electron adding atmosphere from volcanic vapors enhanced the joining of
simple molecules
Energy was derived from intense UV radiation and lightning
7. Miller-Urey
#2 Experiment
Atmosphere = H2O, H2,
CH4, and NH3
#1) Warm water
simulated primeval sea
#2) Sparks were
#3 discharged to mimic
lightning
#3) Condenser cooled
water and dissolved
contents went back to
the miniature sea
After one week, the
solution turned from
clear to musky brown,
#1 analysis showed variety of
organic molecules,
including amino acids
and proteins
8. Another Hypothesis
It is also plausible that some organic compounds
reached the Earth from space. Scientists showed how
Adenine could form by the reactions of cyanide in the
clouds of stars. This would explain why some
meteorites carried organic molecules
9. Laboratory Simulations
Link monomers without the help of enzymes
Polymerization by dripping on hot sand, clay, or rock
Water splashing on fresh lava
10. RNA
RNA self-replication
Ribozymes - RNA catalysts
RNA self-replicated when added to organic monomers
Autocatalytic
11. Natural Selection
Single strand = variety of 3D shapes, giving it Genotype
and a Phenotype
Certain base sequences replicate faster and more
accurate
Competition
12. Protobionts
Aggregates of abiotically produced molecules
No precise reproduction
Can maintain an internal chemical environment
different than the surrounding; metabolism and
excitability
Discharge voltage across surface in a nerve-like fashion
Split and produces smaller replicas
13. Natural Selection &
Protobionts
The most successful Protobionts would grow and split
Differential reproductive success of varied individuals
Darwinism