The meaning first approach to vocabulary teaching
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The document outlines a 6-stage approach to teaching vocabulary: 1) Convey meaning using visual aids or realia, 2) Elicit the word from students, 3) Check student understanding through questions, pictures, or translations, 4) Model and drill pronunciation, 5) Consolidate the written form after checking meaning and pronunciation, 6) Practice the word through activities to reinforce understanding and long-term memory.
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Vocabulary strategies overview
The document discusses strategies for improving vocabulary instruction to support students with disabilities. It recommends exposing students to key vocabulary through repeated encounters, providing explicit instruction on word meanings and usage, and building students' background knowledge. The use of technology tools can enhance vocabulary learning by motivating students, giving them multiple ways to access and express their understanding of words, and providing flexible representations of information. Effective strategies include dedicating class time to vocabulary, allowing practice opportunities, and sharing research-based practices with students.
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6 Steps
The document outlines a 6 step process for teaching academic vocabulary:
1) The teacher introduces the term and provides a student-friendly explanation and examples.
2) Students restate the term in their own words using their background knowledge.
3) Students represent the term visually through drawings or other graphics.
4) Students use the term in other contexts to deepen their understanding.
5) Students discuss the term with peers to add to their understanding.
6) Vocabulary games provide further exposure to reinforce the term.
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Vocabulary strategies overview
The document discusses strategies for improving vocabulary instruction to support students with disabilities. It recommends exposing students to key vocabulary through repeated encounters, providing explicit instruction on word meanings and usage, and building students' background knowledge. The use of technology tools can enhance vocabulary learning by motivating students, giving them multiple ways to access and express their understanding of words, and providing flexible representations of information. Effective strategies include dedicating class time to vocabulary, allowing practice opportunities, and sharing research-based practices with students.
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6 Steps
The document outlines a 6 step process for teaching academic vocabulary:
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2) Students restate the term in their own words using their background knowledge.
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analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
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Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
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1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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The meaning first approach to vocabulary teaching
- 1. The meaning-first approach to vocabulary teaching Eliciting Concept-checking Drilling Practice
- 2. Stage 1: Convey meaning You need some way of communicating the meaning of the word or phrase to your students. This can be done in many ways, the most effective is using visual aids, but this is not always possible. Other ways are: realia, definition, translation, situation, etc
- 3. Stage 2: Elicit or teach the word or phrase It’s important to match the meaning of a word to the form of the word. To involve your learners and find out what they know you should always try to elicit the word from your students.
- 4. Stage 3: Check that students understand the word or phrase If you elicit a word from one student you need to check that the other students in the other class understand the word fully. You can ask questions, show pictures, ask for Korean translations or definitions, for example.
- 5. Stage 4: Model and drill the word or phrase Students need to know how to pronounce the word, especially if they need it for their future job/career. You can do this by saying the word to your students clearly and asking them to repeat it. It’s a good idea to do this chorally first and then ask individuals to repeat it, so that you can check their accuracy.
- 6. Stage 5: Consolidate the written word The written form of English doesn’t help students to pronounce the word correctly and also the written form is more difficult to remember than hearing the word. This stage should come after you have checked meaning and pronunciation.
- 7. Stage 6: Practice the target word Some of your students probably still don’t understand the new word or phrase, so it’s important to consolidate their understanding with a vocabulary practice activity or game, e.g. role play, bingo, hangman, etc. It’s important to recycle the vocabulary in future lessons to help students remember the new word or phrase