The marshall court1
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The Marshall Court established several key precedents that strengthened the federal government and judicial branch. Through cases like Marbury v. Madison, McCulloch v. Maryland, and Gibbons v. Ogden, the Court asserted the power of judicial review and national supremacy over the states in areas like interstate commerce and the national bank. The Court also began defining the relationship between Native American tribes and the federal government through cases like Cherokee Nation v. Georgia and Worcester v. Georgia.
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The marshall court1
- 2. WHO WAS JOHN MARSHALL?
- 4. WHO INTERPRETS THE CONSTITUTION? John Marshall Judicial review Thomas Jefferson Nullification by states
- 5. JOHN MARSHALL Chief Justice of the Supreme Court from 1801-1835 Federalist National supremacy Economic growth Independence and power of judicial branch
- 6. MARBURY V. MADISON, 1803 Issue Judicial review Partisan politics Background “Lame duck” Federalist Congressmen passed a new Judiciary Act in early 1801 Adams (F) appointed “midnight judges” but Jefferson (DR) refused to deliver commissions Marbury sued for his job Outcome S.C. established its power of judicial review over president and Congress Marbury didn’t get the job This case was the most important precedent (stare decisis = let the decision stand) “Midnight Judge” William Marbury Secretary of State James Madison
- 7. MCCULLOCH V. MARYLAND, 1819 Issue National supremacy Interstate commerce National bank Background Maryland hated the national bank, so it imposed a tax on the bank’s branch in Maryland Decision National bank is constitutional under the “necessary & proper” (elastic) clause “The power to tax is the power to destroy”… therefore Maryland cannot be given the power to tax the national government Established national supremacy over the states
- 8. GIBBONS V. OGDEN, 1824 Issue Interstate commerce Background Gibbons and Ogden ran competing steamboat companies that ferried goods from state to state Ogden, who had the exclusive NJ state monopoly license, sued in order to shut down Gibbons, who had a federal license Decision Only the federal government (not states) may regulate interstate commerce National supremacy over the states Gibbons (federal license) won
- 9. CHEROKEE NATION V. GEORGIA, 1831 Issue Native American sovereignty Background U.S. constitution failed to clearly define relationship between tribal governments and federal government Decision S.C. ruled that tribes are “domestic dependent nations” with some rights but not complete sovereignty Cherokee Chief John Ross
- 10. WORCHESTER V. GEORGIA, 1832 Issue Native American sovereignty Background Georgia passed Indian Removal Act to displace Cherokees and other tribes Cherokees sued, arguing that Georgia had no jurisdiction Decision S.C. ruled in favor of Cherokees… …but President Andrew Jackson ignored the court’s decision: “John Marshall has made his decision; now let him enforce it!” Indians were removed along the “Trail of Tears” to Oklahoma reservations Indian Removal on the Trail of Tears
- 11. REVIEW: MAIN IDEAS National supremacy Economic growth Independence and power of judicial branch Key Cases Marbury v. Madison: judicial review McCulloch v. Maryland: national supremacy, national bank Gibbons v. Ogden: national supremacy, interstate commerce