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Sandra Waters
Sandra Waters

The document summarizes the key events of the Cuban Missile Crisis between the Soviet Union, United States, and Cuba in 1962. It explains that Cuba had established a communist government under Fidel Castro after overthrowing the US-backed dictator. In response, the US broke off diplomatic relations with Cuba and unsuccessfully tried to overthrow Castro. Subsequently, the Soviet Union provided missiles, weapons, and personnel to Cuba, escalating tensions with the US. This led to a 13-day standoff between US and Soviet ships near Cuba before Khrushchev agreed to remove Soviet missiles from the island in exchange for the US agreeing not to invade Cuba.

Education
1 of 14
Soviet Union U.S.A. Cuba
What was the background to theWhat was the background to the events in Cuba?events in Cuba?  Cuba, small island, 90 milesCuba, small island, 90 miles from coast of Floridafrom coast of Florida  US ally, US businesses & USUS ally, US businesses & US military base (Guantanamo)military base (Guantanamo)  1959, Fidel Castro1959, Fidel Castro overthrows Batista (US-overthrows Batista (US- backed dictator),backed dictator), establishingestablishing CommunistCommunist government.government.
 Castro takes over USCastro takes over US businessesbusinesses  January 1961, US breaks offJanuary 1961, US breaks off diplomatic relationsdiplomatic relations  April, 1961, Bay of Pigs – 1,400April, 1961, Bay of Pigs – 1,400 anti-Cuban exiles attempted toanti-Cuban exiles attempted to overthrow Castrooverthrow Castro  Autumn 1962, Cuba hasAutumn 1962, Cuba has received 1000s of USSRreceived 1000s of USSR missiles, jets, boats &missiles, jets, boats & personnelpersonnel
Why was the USSR interested inWhy was the USSR interested in helping Cuba?helping Cuba?  Cuba was a new Communist stateCuba was a new Communist state  Cuba provided a launch base for USSR inter-continentalCuba provided a launch base for USSR inter-continental missiles (ICMs)missiles (ICMs)  Khrushchev wanted to test strength of new US president,Khrushchev wanted to test strength of new US president, JFKJFK  Khrushchev wanted to force JFK into bargaining over USKhrushchev wanted to force JFK into bargaining over US missile in Europemissile in Europe Soviet leader Khrushchev
What happened during the OctoberWhat happened during the October Crisis?Crisis?  14 October 1962, US U2 spy plane takes photos of14 October 1962, US U2 spy plane takes photos of suspected USSR missile sites on Cubasuspected USSR missile sites on Cuba  Sites nearing completion, experts believe they could beSites nearing completion, experts believe they could be ready in 7 daysready in 7 days  US spy planes identify 20 Soviet ships bound for CubaUS spy planes identify 20 Soviet ships bound for Cuba carrying missilescarrying missiles
This U-2 reconnaissance photo showed concrete evidence of missile assembly in Cuba. Shown here are missile transporters and missile-ready tents where fueling and maintenance took place. Courtesy of CIA
What happened during the OctoberWhat happened during the October Crisis?Crisis?  20 October, Kennedy20 October, Kennedy decides to quarantinedecides to quarantine (blockade) Cuba(blockade) Cuba  22 October, Kennedy22 October, Kennedy publicly calls onpublicly calls on Khrushchev to removeKhrushchev to remove weaponsweapons
What happened during the OctoberWhat happened during the October Crisis?Crisis?  23 October Khrushchev23 October Khrushchev refuses to acknowledgerefuses to acknowledge blockade or presence ofblockade or presence of Soviet missiles on CubaSoviet missiles on Cuba  24 October, 124 October, 1stst SovietSoviet ships (accompanied byships (accompanied by submarine) approach 497submarine) approach 497 miles exclusion zonemiles exclusion zone
What happened during the OctoberWhat happened during the October Crisis?Crisis?  24 October, 10:32 am, Soviet ships stop and turn round24 October, 10:32 am, Soviet ships stop and turn round  25 October, aerial photos show continued construction25 October, aerial photos show continued construction of missile sitesof missile sites  26 October, Kennedy receives a letter offering to26 October, Kennedy receives a letter offering to negotiate over missiles in Cuba with removal ofnegotiate over missiles in Cuba with removal of blockade and US invasion threatblockade and US invasion threat  27 October, Kennedy receives second letter calling for27 October, Kennedy receives second letter calling for withdrawal of US missiles in Turkey toowithdrawal of US missiles in Turkey too
What happened during the OctoberWhat happened during the October Crisis?Crisis?  27 October, US U2 plane27 October, US U2 plane shot down over Cuba &shot down over Cuba & pilot killed. Kennedypilot killed. Kennedy decides to ignore seconddecides to ignore second letter, but accepts termsletter, but accepts terms of 1of 1stst letterletter  28 October, Khrushchev28 October, Khrushchev agrees to dismantleagrees to dismantle Soviet missiles in CubaSoviet missiles in Cuba What is this cartoonist trying to say about the difficulties facing Kennedy during the Crisis?
What was the outcome of the crisis?What was the outcome of the crisis?  Cuba remained Communist & heavily armed (withoutCuba remained Communist & heavily armed (without nuclear missiles)nuclear missiles)  Both leaders didn’t lose face and came away withBoth leaders didn’t lose face and came away with concessionsconcessions  Permanent hotline between White House & KremlinPermanent hotline between White House & Kremlin set upset up  Supported theory of containment & co-existenceSupported theory of containment & co-existence because alternatives unimaginablebecause alternatives unimaginable

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Ppt thecubanmissilecrisis1962-090510195708-phpapp01

  • 2. What was the background to theWhat was the background to the events in Cuba?events in Cuba?  Cuba, small island, 90 milesCuba, small island, 90 miles from coast of Floridafrom coast of Florida  US ally, US businesses & USUS ally, US businesses & US military base (Guantanamo)military base (Guantanamo)  1959, Fidel Castro1959, Fidel Castro overthrows Batista (US-overthrows Batista (US- backed dictator),backed dictator), establishingestablishing CommunistCommunist government.government.
  • 3.  Castro takes over USCastro takes over US businessesbusinesses  January 1961, US breaks offJanuary 1961, US breaks off diplomatic relationsdiplomatic relations  April, 1961, Bay of Pigs – 1,400April, 1961, Bay of Pigs – 1,400 anti-Cuban exiles attempted toanti-Cuban exiles attempted to overthrow Castrooverthrow Castro  Autumn 1962, Cuba hasAutumn 1962, Cuba has received 1000s of USSRreceived 1000s of USSR missiles, jets, boats &missiles, jets, boats & personnelpersonnel
  • 4.
  • 5. Why was the USSR interested inWhy was the USSR interested in helping Cuba?helping Cuba?  Cuba was a new Communist stateCuba was a new Communist state  Cuba provided a launch base for USSR inter-continentalCuba provided a launch base for USSR inter-continental missiles (ICMs)missiles (ICMs)  Khrushchev wanted to test strength of new US president,Khrushchev wanted to test strength of new US president, JFKJFK  Khrushchev wanted to force JFK into bargaining over USKhrushchev wanted to force JFK into bargaining over US missile in Europemissile in Europe Soviet leader Khrushchev
  • 6. What happened during the OctoberWhat happened during the October Crisis?Crisis?  14 October 1962, US U2 spy plane takes photos of14 October 1962, US U2 spy plane takes photos of suspected USSR missile sites on Cubasuspected USSR missile sites on Cuba  Sites nearing completion, experts believe they could beSites nearing completion, experts believe they could be ready in 7 daysready in 7 days  US spy planes identify 20 Soviet ships bound for CubaUS spy planes identify 20 Soviet ships bound for Cuba carrying missilescarrying missiles
  • 7. This U-2 reconnaissance photo showed concrete evidence of missile assembly in Cuba. Shown here are missile transporters and missile-ready tents where fueling and maintenance took place. Courtesy of CIA
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10. What happened during the OctoberWhat happened during the October Crisis?Crisis?  20 October, Kennedy20 October, Kennedy decides to quarantinedecides to quarantine (blockade) Cuba(blockade) Cuba  22 October, Kennedy22 October, Kennedy publicly calls onpublicly calls on Khrushchev to removeKhrushchev to remove weaponsweapons
  • 11. What happened during the OctoberWhat happened during the October Crisis?Crisis?  23 October Khrushchev23 October Khrushchev refuses to acknowledgerefuses to acknowledge blockade or presence ofblockade or presence of Soviet missiles on CubaSoviet missiles on Cuba  24 October, 124 October, 1stst SovietSoviet ships (accompanied byships (accompanied by submarine) approach 497submarine) approach 497 miles exclusion zonemiles exclusion zone
  • 12. What happened during the OctoberWhat happened during the October Crisis?Crisis?  24 October, 10:32 am, Soviet ships stop and turn round24 October, 10:32 am, Soviet ships stop and turn round  25 October, aerial photos show continued construction25 October, aerial photos show continued construction of missile sitesof missile sites  26 October, Kennedy receives a letter offering to26 October, Kennedy receives a letter offering to negotiate over missiles in Cuba with removal ofnegotiate over missiles in Cuba with removal of blockade and US invasion threatblockade and US invasion threat  27 October, Kennedy receives second letter calling for27 October, Kennedy receives second letter calling for withdrawal of US missiles in Turkey toowithdrawal of US missiles in Turkey too
  • 13. What happened during the OctoberWhat happened during the October Crisis?Crisis?  27 October, US U2 plane27 October, US U2 plane shot down over Cuba &shot down over Cuba & pilot killed. Kennedypilot killed. Kennedy decides to ignore seconddecides to ignore second letter, but accepts termsletter, but accepts terms of 1of 1stst letterletter  28 October, Khrushchev28 October, Khrushchev agrees to dismantleagrees to dismantle Soviet missiles in CubaSoviet missiles in Cuba What is this cartoonist trying to say about the difficulties facing Kennedy during the Crisis?
  • 14. What was the outcome of the crisis?What was the outcome of the crisis?  Cuba remained Communist & heavily armed (withoutCuba remained Communist & heavily armed (without nuclear missiles)nuclear missiles)  Both leaders didn’t lose face and came away withBoth leaders didn’t lose face and came away with concessionsconcessions  Permanent hotline between White House & KremlinPermanent hotline between White House & Kremlin set upset up  Supported theory of containment & co-existenceSupported theory of containment & co-existence because alternatives unimaginablebecause alternatives unimaginable

Editor's Notes

  1. US had sugar mills and refineries in Cuba, lot of investments there Batista worked with US gment Cuba and Che Guevera overthrow the Batista and install a Communist gment We put an embargo on Cuba (that’s why you can’t by Cuban cigars) Castro turns to the Soviet Union for help. For a while, they are getting like a million bucks a day from Sov Un.
  2. Talk about exiles (anti-communist, in Miami) Plan had been discussed while Eisenhower was president but never got the ok. Kinks had not been worked out. When JFK became president the military leaders basically pushed him into signing the ok but refused to give air support.As a result, the invasion failed. US committed $100 million to overthrow Castro Even planned on sending him an exploding cigar
  3. Stress that they are in the process of assembling the missiles and launchers
  4. Americans panicked….rushed to grocery stores, supermarket shelves emptied of food, water and other supplies
  5. President gives express orders not to fire on the boats without his permission
  6. 1st letter analyzed – seems to be written by Krushchev under stress. Not edited before sent out b/c it has a lot of emotion in it, not politically correct 2nd letter made them suspect Krushchev had been overthrown b/c it was much tougher, said US had to withdraw its missiles from Turkey too. We couldn’t do that….would make us look weak.
  7. Kennedy’s assistant had been calling pilots personally and saying “DON”T GET SHOT AT.” You can have engine trouble, bird trouble, etc but you are not to be shot at. Wink wink The joint chiefs were itching to go to war and if we were shot at that would give them the reason.