Author: Rocio Condor, MAGHG Team -The Latin American Context -Efforts to report GHG data: The National Communications -The projections of GHG emissions from agriculture -Mitigation potentials -National Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) Second FAO Workshop on Statistics for Greenhouse Gas Emissions, 3-4 June 2013, Port of Spain (Trinidad and Tobago)

1. Rocio Condor
MAGHG Team
Second FAO Workshop on Statistics for Greenhouse Gas Emissions,
3-4 June 2013, Port of Spain (Trinidad and Tobago)
The Latin America Context:
emissions, projections and mitigation plans

2. Overview
1. The Latin American Context
2. Efforts to report GHG data: The National Communications
3. The projections of GHG emissions from agriculture
4. Mitigation potentials
5. National Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs)

3. GHG Emissions in Latin America*
Source: IPCC, 2007 – IV Assessment Report
* The graph refers only to the countries in the workshop
Agriculture
76%
Energy
9%
Industrial Process
5%
Waste
10%

4. Agriculture GDP share
Source: World Bank, 2010
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0

5. National Communications
Source: UNFCCC National Communications
Countries
Initial National
Communication
Second National
Communication Third Fourth Fifth
Argentina 1997 (1990) 2008 (1990, 1994, 1997, 2000)
Brazil 2004 (1990, 1994) 2010 (2004)
Bolivia 2000 (1994) 2009 (2002,2004)
Chile 2000 (1994) 2011 (1984-2006)
Colombia 2001(1990, 1994) 2010 (2000,2004)
Costa Rica 2000 (1996) 2009 (2000, 2005)
Cuba 2001 (1990, 1994)
Dominican Republic 2003 (2000) 2009 (1998,2000)
Ecuador 2000 (1994) 2012 (1990,1994,2000,2006)
El Salvador 2000 (1994)
Guatemala 2002 (1990)
Honduras 2000 (1995) 2012 (1995,2000,2005)
Mexico 1997 (1996) 2001 (2000) 2006 (2002) 2010 (2006) 2012 (2006)
Nicaragua 2001 (1994) 2011 (2000)
Panama 2001 (2000) 2012 (2000)
Paraguay 2002 (1994) 2011(2000)
Peru 2001 (1994) 2011(2000)
Trinidad and Tobago 2001 (1990)
Uruguay 1997 (1990) 2004 (2000) 2010 (2004)
Venezuela 2005 (1999)

6. Agricultural emissions by sector
in Latin America*
* The graph refers only to the countries in the workshop
Source: UNFCCC National Communications
Enteric Fermentation
52.9%
Manure
Management
4.0%
Rice Cultivation
1.8%
Agricultural Soils
39.3%
Prescribed Burning of
Savannas
1.4%
Field Burning of
Agricultural Residues
0.7%

7. Trend of emissions in agriculture*
Source: FAOSTAT
* The graph refers only to the countries in the workshop
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
GigagramsCO2eq
EntericFermentation Manure Management Rice Cultivation Agricultural Soils FieldBurning of Agricultural Residues

8. Trend of emissions in agriculture*
Source: FAOSTAT
* The graph refers only to the countries in the workshop
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
GigagramsCO2eq
Manure appliedtosoils Manure Management Cropresidues
SyntheticFertilizer Manure leftonpasture EntericFermentation
Rice Cultivation FieldBurning of Agricultural Residues

9. Emissions from the agricultural sectors*
Source: UNFCCC National Communications* The graph refers only to the countries in the workshop
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Enteric Fermentation Manure Management Rice Cultivation
Agricultural Soils Prescribed Burning of Savannas Field Burning of Agricultural Residues

10. Emissions/removals from LULUCF
in Latin America
* The graph refers only to the countries in the workshop
Source: UNFCCC National Communications
-1.2
-0.8
-0.4
0
0.4
0.8
1.2
GigatonsCO2eq
Changes in Forest and Other Woody Biomass Stocks Forest and Grassland Conversion
Abandonment of Managed Lands CO2 Emissions and Removals from Soil
SourceSink
0.98
0.55
-0.18
0.18

11. Projected emissions in Latin America*
Source: IPCC, 2007 – IV Assessment Report
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Agricultura Energía Procesos Industriales Desechos
* The graph refers only to the countries in the workshop

12. Projected Emissions by Country
• Costa Rica – From 1996-2015, the rate of methane emissions from enteric
fermentation will increase at an annual rate of 0.7%, from 7,100 Gg in
2005 to 7,400 Gg in 2015.
• Ecuador – Without mitigation, the forest surface will decrease by 37.1% in
the year 2030. With mitigation, forest surface is projected to increase 76%
by 2030.
• Honduras – In 2020, projections are that emissions will decrease by
374,000 tons of CO2eq through reforestation and agro-forestry systems.
• México – Emissions from the agricultural sector are projected to increase
at an annual rate of 0.9% between 2006 and 2030.
• Peru – Between 2010 and 2020, agricultural emissions will increase 27%
from 22,544 to 39,303 Gg of CO2eq.
Source: UNFCCC National Communications

13. Mitigation potentials in Agriculture
• Improved technologies to reduce emissions from cattle
• improvement in nutrition and genetics of grazing
livestock
• Animal breeding programs and usage of adapted species
• Improved collection and storage of manure
• Improved post-harvest management to reduce burning
of farming wastes
• Adequate use of crop sequences and appropriate use of
fertilizers
Source: UNFCCC National Communications

14. Mitigation potentials in LULUCF
• Sustainable native forest management and decreased soil
degradation
• Promotion of agro-forestry activities
• Conservation of soil carbon through protection of wildlife,
groundwater and fire protection, pest and diseases
• New technologies for more effective monitoring of
protected areas
• Sustainable management of main watersheds
• Reduction of forest fires
Source: UNFCCC National Communications

15. National Appropriate Mitigation
Actions (NAMAs)
• Brazil -- Reductions of 36-39% by 2020 through decreased deforestation,
restoration of grazing land, integrated crop-livestock system, no-till farming
• Chile -- Reduction of 20% by 2020 using energy efficiency, renewable energy, and
LULUCF measures
• Colombia -- By year 2020, reduction to a rate of zero net deforestation on
Colombian Amazon forest; Efforts on REDD-activity areas and creation of new
protected reserve areas
• Costa Rica -- Economy-wide transformational effort to enable carbon neutrality
with efforts focused on transport, energy, forestry, and waste management
• Mexico -- Reduction of GHG emissions up to 30% with respect to the BAU scenario
by 2020
• Peru -- By year 2020, reduction to a rate of zero net deforestation on natural
primary forests
Source: UNFCCC

16. Thank you!
Contacto: MAGHG@fao.org
Sitio web MAGHG: www.fao.org/climatechange/micca/ghg
Sitio web FAOSTAT: http://faostat.fao.org
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