The Korean War began in 1950 when North Korean forces invaded South Korea, marking the first major military action of the Cold War. The Soviet Union supported North Korea and its communist dictator Kim Il-sung, while the United States backed the capitalist South Korean dictator Syngman Rhee. Fierce fighting erupted along the 38th parallel border between North and South Korea. Over 1.3 million soldiers and 3 million civilians were killed during the three-year war before a ceasefire was agreed upon in 1953, leaving the two Koreas still divided along the original border.
This is part I of my fourth lecture on Korean War (1950-53) at National Law University Orissa, Cuttack, India. This lecturer is purely compiled from the web sources just for the use of nluo students. This work is not mine and it shall not be cited.
CHAPTER ONE THE COURSE OF THE WAR On the very day thTawnaDelatorrejs
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CHAPTER ONE
THE COURSE OF THE WAR
On the very day that President Barack Obama fielded a studentâs question
in Moscow about whether a new Korean War was in the offing (July 7, 2009),
the papers were filled with commentary on the death of Robert Strange
McNamara. The editors of The New York Times and one of its best columnists,
Bob Herbert, condemned McNamara for knowing the Vietnam War was
un-winnable yet sending tens of thousands of young Americans to their deaths
anyway: âHow in Godâs name did he ever look at himself in the mirror?â Herbert
wrote. They all assumed that the war itself was a colossal error. But if McNamara
had been able to stabilize South Vietnam and divide the country permanently
(say with his âelectronic fenceâ), thousands of our troops would still be there
along a DMZ and evil would still reside in Hanoi. McNamara also had a minor
planning role in the firebombing of Japanese cities in World War II: âWhat
makes it immoral if you lose and not immoral if you win?â he asked; people like
himself and Curtis LeMay, the commander of the air attacks, âwere behaving as
war criminals.â McNamara derived these lessons from losing the Vietnam War:
we did not know the enemy, we lacked âempathyâ (we should have âput
ourselves inside their skin and look[ed] at us through their eyes,â but we did not);
we were blind prisoners of our own assumptions. 1 In Korea we still are.
Korea is an ancient nation, and one of the very few places in the world
where territorial boundaries, ethnicity, and language have been consistent for
well over a millennium. It sits next to China and was deeply influenced by the
Middle Kingdom, but it has always had an independent civilization. Few
understand this, but the most observant journalist in the war, Reginald Thompson,
put the point exactly: âthe thought and law of China is woven into the very
texture of Korea ⌠as the law of Rome is woven into Britain.â The distinction is
between the stereotypical judgment that Korea is just âLittle China,â or nothing
more than a transmission belt for Buddhist and Confucian culture flowing into
Japan, and a nation and culture as different from Japan or China as Italy or
France is from Germany.
Korea also had a social structure that persisted for centuries: during the five
hundred years of the last dynasty the vast majority of Koreans were peasants,
most of them tenants working land held by one of the worldâs most tenacious
aristocracies. Many were also slaves, a hereditary status from generation to
generation. The state squelched merchant activity, so that commerce, and
anything resembling the green shoots of a middle class, barely developed. This
fundamental conditionâa privileged landed class, a mass of peasants, and little
leavening in betweenâlasted through twentieth-century colonialism, too,
because after their rule began in 1910 the Japanese found it useful to operate
through local landed power. So, amid the crisis of nat ...
CHAPTER ONE THE COURSE OF THE WAR On the very day th.docxjeffsrosalyn
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CHAPTER ONE
THE COURSE OF THE WAR
On the very day that President Barack Obama fielded a studentâs question
in Moscow about whether a new Korean War was in the offing (July 7, 2009),
the papers were filled with commentary on the death of Robert Strange
McNamara. The editors of The New York Times and one of its best columnists,
Bob Herbert, condemned McNamara for knowing the Vietnam War was
un-winnable yet sending tens of thousands of young Americans to their deaths
anyway: âHow in Godâs name did he ever look at himself in the mirror?â Herbert
wrote. They all assumed that the war itself was a colossal error. But if McNamara
had been able to stabilize South Vietnam and divide the country permanently
(say with his âelectronic fenceâ), thousands of our troops would still be there
along a DMZ and evil would still reside in Hanoi. McNamara also had a minor
planning role in the firebombing of Japanese cities in World War II: âWhat
makes it immoral if you lose and not immoral if you win?â he asked; people like
himself and Curtis LeMay, the commander of the air attacks, âwere behaving as
war criminals.â McNamara derived these lessons from losing the Vietnam War:
we did not know the enemy, we lacked âempathyâ (we should have âput
ourselves inside their skin and look[ed] at us through their eyes,â but we did not);
we were blind prisoners of our own assumptions. 1 In Korea we still are.
Korea is an ancient nation, and one of the very few places in the world
where territorial boundaries, ethnicity, and language have been consistent for
well over a millennium. It sits next to China and was deeply influenced by the
Middle Kingdom, but it has always had an independent civilization. Few
understand this, but the most observant journalist in the war, Reginald Thompson,
put the point exactly: âthe thought and law of China is woven into the very
texture of Korea ⌠as the law of Rome is woven into Britain.â The distinction is
between the stereotypical judgment that Korea is just âLittle China,â or nothing
more than a transmission belt for Buddhist and Confucian culture flowing into
Japan, and a nation and culture as different from Japan or China as Italy or
France is from Germany.
Korea also had a social structure that persisted for centuries: during the five
hundred years of the last dynasty the vast majority of Koreans were peasants,
most of them tenants working land held by one of the worldâs most tenacious
aristocracies. Many were also slaves, a hereditary status from generation to
generation. The state squelched merchant activity, so that commerce, and
anything resembling the green shoots of a middle class, barely developed. This
fundamental conditionâa privileged landed class, a mass of peasants, and little
leavening in betweenâlasted through twentieth-century colonialism, too,
because after their rule began in 1910 the Japanese found it useful to operate
through local landed power. So, amid the crisis of nat ...
Operation âBlue Starâ is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
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An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
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This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
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Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
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In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
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Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Hanâs Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insiderâs LMA Course, this piece examines the courseâs effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
2. BACKGROUND...
During WWII Korea was under the control of...
however, when Japan surrendered unconditionally !
after the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Korea was
split between the two great nations of the time...
3. The Soviets took the North
and the U.S took the South....
Again, Communism (and the Soviets) are
pitted against!
Capitalism (or the U.S)
4. In the south, the anti-communist dictator Syngman Rhee (1875-1965) enjoyed the
reluctant support of the American government; in the north, the communist dictator Kim
Il Sung(1912-1994) enjoyed the slightly more enthusiastic support of the Soviets.
Neither dictator was content to remain on his side of the 38th parallel, however, and border
skirmishes were common. Nearly 10,000 North and South Korean soldiers were killed in battle
before the war even began.
2 new dictators....
Kim Il Sung
Syngman Rhee
5. When the cold war turns hot....
The Korean War began on 25 June 1950, when North
Korean forces launched an invasion of South Korea.
Flag of North Korea
Flag of South Korea
Democratic Peopleâs Republic of Korea to the north and the pro-Western Republic of Korea to the south
6. This invasion was the ďŹrst military action of the Cold War. By July, American
troops had entered the war on South Koreaâs behalf. As far as American ofďŹcials were
concerned, it was a war against the forces of international communism itself.
When the cold war turns hot....
North Korea (Communist)!
Kim Il-Sung
VS
South Korea (Capitalist)!
Syngman Rhee
China !
led by Mao Tse -Tung
America !
Led by Harry Truman
Soviet Union (supported)!
led by Joseph Stalin
United Nations forces
*provision of material and medical services and also Soviet pilots and aircraft
7. Fighting along the 38th Parallel... !
Goal of the North is to capture Seoul...
8. THE PROGRESSION...
In the ďŹrst year alone - Mobile warfare: !
The capital of Seoul changed hands 4 times!!
After this initial year... !
the war hit a stalemate and !
trench warfare ensued (much !
like the trench warfare of WWI).!
Except this time....!
the trenches were in the cold and !
inhospitable mountains of Korea.!
Peace negotiations ensued....!
!
!
!
9. PEACE NEGOTIATIONS
!
Within months the United States came to the conclusion that it would be too difďŹcult to
defeat the new and powerful enemy, and that a negotiated peace was a better option. Its
United Nations allies agreed although South Korea opposed the decision. The
communist countries took another six months to come to the same conclusion.
Negotiations began on 10 July 1951 and continued for two years until a ceaseďŹre was
agreed to on 27 July 1953.
After the ceaseďŹre both sides exchanged prisoners and retreated to create a four kilometre
wide demilitarised zone. The remains of more than 20,000 dead were exchanged. An
agreement to halt military operations did not mean that political questions
had been settled. Negotiations for a permanent political solution in Korea continued for
two years while both sides maintained strong forces on the border. Defences were
strengthened and there were violations of the ceaseďŹre that resulted in ďŹghting. At least for
the ďŹrst year there was a feeling that the war could erupt again, but it never did. The ďŹnal
conference to ďŹnd a way to peacefully re-unify Korea was held in Geneva, Switzerland from
April to July 1954. The negotiations achieved nothing.
10. North and South Korea today remain
technically still at war and the ceaseďŹre
line (the frontline when ďŹghting stopped) is
closely guarded by armies on both
sides.....
Indeed.......
11. After the Korean War, Kim Il-sung
introduced the personal philosophy of
Juche, or self-reliance, which became
a guiding light for North Korea's
development. Kim Il-sung died in 1994, but
the post of president has been assigned
"eternally" to him.
12. CASUALTIES...
Casualties :
dead: 1.3 million South Korean military;
520,000 North Korean military;
Over 3 million civilian casualties. Much
industry destroyed, agriculture ruined, millions
of refugees
USA: 17,000 casualties; conduct of war almost entirely by
USA and UN
could have been seen as a USA puppet.
China: 900,000 casualties.
13. IS IT STILL A COLD WAR?
Technically it is still a âCold Warâ between America and !
the Soviet Union, as they have not fought against !
each other. (OfďŹcially that is.) Some would argue !
that they have due to some Soviet Pilots being supplied !
to North Korea.
14. ACTIVITIES...
1. Picture Analysis !
Find 5 pictures of the Korean war that show
different angles and views from the war. !
For each one: Investigate....!
i.e..... describe what you can see, what is being
depicted, how do the people(s) look, what feeling
does looking at the picture give you, what does the
picture infer about life during the Korean War, does
the picture raise any questions in your mind about
the war.!
!
!
15. 2. Weaponry
Investigate the type of weapons and warfare that was !
used during the Korean war.... (at least 5) !
Guns, tanks, aircrafts, etc. !
- Gather pictures of the weapons and describe them,!
including their particular uses or advantages... !
!
!
!
16. 3. The impact on Civilians
Read the following article â50 Years And Counting
The Impact of the Korean War on the People of the Peninsulaâ and answer the
following questions... http://www.calvin.edu/news/2001-02/korea.htm
1. Why do you think many civilians from the North !
left to go to the South when the war broke out?
2. What was the effect of the war on Korean
children. Reference at least two points made by the
author during the article
3. Find 2 photos depicting Korean civilians during
the war, include a reference for each.
17. 4. Primary Documents
Your task is to ďŹnd 2 primary documents (that are !
not photographs) from the Korean War. For each one, !
describe what it is, itâs importance, what it !
shows/teaches you about the war and include !
references as to where you found it.
18. KOREA SINCE THEN...
*Has been in constant tension with South Korea and !
the UN, with a history of Human Rights Abuses.
For decades North Korea has been one of the world's most
secretive societies. It is one of the few countries still under
nominally communist rule.
19. KOREA TODAY...
North Korea's nuclear ambitions have exacerbated its
rigidly maintained isolation from the rest of the world. Making
it infamous for itâs big ambitions, yet mystery, as not many
know what is going on within itâs borders.
20. Aid agencies have estimated that up to two million people have died
since the mid-1990s because of acute food shortages caused by
natural disasters and economic mismanagement. The country relies
on foreign aid to feed millions of its people.
The totalitarian state also stands accused of systematic human rights
abuses. Reports of torture, public executions, slave labour, and
forced abortions and infanticides in prison camps have emerged. A
US-based rights group has estimated that there are up to 200,000
political prisoners in North Korea.
21. ACTIVITIES:
Find a photo and write a short description (years in!
power, legacy, any other important information) of !
the following family members: !
1. Kim il-sung !
2.Kim Jong-il !
3. Kim Jong-un
