This Nation has 60 to 70 million disabled citizens who according to me form an ‘Invisible Minority’.

2. Overview…
• Minority Groups
• The Invisible Minorities
• SexualMinority
• Risks of SexualMinority
• Overcome Sexual Minority
• IntellectualDisability

3. • Limitationsin intellectualdisability..!!
• Signs of intellectualdisability in children..?
• Causes of intellectualdisability…
• How can intellectualdisability be prevented…
• Conclusion
……

5.  Minoritygroupis a termreferring toa categoryofpeopledifferentiatedfromthesocial majority,i.e.
thosewhohold themajorityofpositionsof social powerin a society,andmaybedefinedbylaw.
 Thedifferentiationcanbebasedon oneormoreobservablehumancharacteristics,including, but
notlimitedto:ethnicity,race, gender,wealth,healthor sexualorientation.
 Theterm"minority"is usedtorefertocategoriesofpersonswhohold fewerpositionsofsocial
power.

7. Conservative estimates suggest
that 5-6 per cent of India’s
population is affected by one
disability or the other. In other
words, this Nation has 60 to 70
million disabled citizens who
according to me form an ‘Invisible
Minority’.
The invisible…...

8. The disabled citizens
of India are invisible not because
they don’t exist!
They are not seen at market
places or cinema halls or in parks;
or in colleges and universities
because both,

9. The built environment as well as
the transportation system
are not just unfriendly but at
times hostile.
Disabled People are not able to
venture out without compromising
their safety and dignity.

10.  Sexualminoritiesare agroupwhosesexualidentity,orientationorpracticesdifferfromthe
majorityofthe surroundingsociety.
 Sexualminoritiescompriseoflesbian,gay,bisexualandtransgenderindividuals.
 Male-femaledichotomyin hetero-normativesocieties
hascreatedhavocin thelife ofsexualminorities thus
obscuringthe factthattheyarealsohumanbeings.

11. Risks for the Sexual
Minorities...
Physicalhealth :
 Sexualminorities are at high risk for developing sexuallytransmitted
diseases (STDs) andHIV/AIDS.
(The reason for high prevalence ofHIV is attributed to re-use ofneedles andunprotected intercourse as partof
commercial sex workboth in hetro- andhomo-sexual relationship.)
 They are also high-riskvictims of physical,sexual,economical and
emotional violencefrom the so called normal community.

12. Risks for the Sexual
Minorities...
Mentalhealth:
 Sexual minorities are at arisk for developingemotional disorders
because of the stigma anddiscrimination.
 Suicide riskhas been shown to be greatly elevated for men in same-
sex partnershipsin Denmark.

13. Risks for the Sexual
Minorities...
 Trans-genders were forced out of their homes or chose to leave home
because of parental rejection or fear of rejection, increasing their riskof
homelessness, poverty, andassociated negative sequel.

14. Risks for the Sexual
Minorities...
Socialwell-being:
 Extreme social exclusion,discrimination, stigma and atrocities diminish
self-esteem and sense of socialresponsibility.

15. Overcome Sexual
Minorities…
• If clinicianselicit information about sexual
orientation and gender identity from their
patients through thoughtful, non-judgemental
discussion and history-taking.

16. Overcome Sexual Minorities…
• Have an inclusive clinicalenvironment, standards
for clinician-patientcommunication, sensitive
documentation of sexualorientation, knowledge for
culturalawareness, staff training, and addressing
population health issues.

17.  Intellectual disability(ID)
 once called mental retardation.
 characterized by below-average intelligence or mental ability and a
lackof skillsnecessary for day-to-day living.

18.  People with intellectual disabilitiescan and do learn new skills,but
they learn them more slowly.
 There are varying degrees of intellectualdisability, from mild to
profound.

19. Limitations in intellectual
disability..!!
Someone with intellectualdisability has limitations in two areas. These
areas are:
• Intellectual functioning:Also known as IQ,this refers to a person’s ability to
learn, reason, make decisions, and solve problems.
• Adaptive behaviours. These are skills necessaryfor day-to-day life, such as
being able tocommunicate effectively, interact with others, and take careof
oneself.

20. Signs of intellectual
disability in children..?
• Rolling over,sitting up, crawling, or walking late
• Talking late or having trouble with talking
• Slow to master things likepotty training, dressing, and feeding himself or herself
• Difficulty remembering things
• Inability to connect actions with consequences
• Behaviourproblems such as explosive tantrums
• Difficulty with problem-solving or logical thinking.

21. Other Health Problems…
• Seizures
• mood disorders (anxiety ,autism , etc.)
• motor skills impairment
• vision problems
• hearing problems.

22. Causes of intellectual
disability…
• Geneticconditions. These includethingslike Down
syndrome and fragile Xsyndrome.
• Problems during pregnancy.Things thatcan interferewith
fetalbraindevelopment includealcohol or drug use,
malnutrition,certain infections,orpreeclampsia.

23. Causes of intellectual
disability…
• Problems during childbirth.Intellectualdisability may result
if a baby is deprived of oxygen during childbirth or born
extremelypremature.

24. Causes of intellectual
disability…
• Illness or injury.Infectionslike meningitis,whooping cough,
or themeaslescanlead to intellectualdisability. Severe head
injury, near-drowning, extrememalnutrition,exposure to
toxic substancessuch as lead, and severe neglector abuse can
also cause it.

25. In two-thirds of all children
who have intellectual
disability, the cause is “unknown”.
…..

26. How can intellectual
disability be prevented…
• Pregnantwomenshouldn’t drink alcohol.
• Gettingvaccinated againstcertain infectious diseases
• Genetictestingbefore conception.
• Tests, such as ultrasound and amniocentesis,be performed
duringpregnancy.

27. Services available for
people with intellectual
disability…
• For babies and toddlers, earlyinterventionprograms are
available.

28. We have left this 6% of our
population totally behind. To
the point that they, our own
brothers and sisters, are no
longer visible.

29. So, for how long
are we going to
ignore the facts
and the realities?

30. Let us be honest and admit that
we have made mistakes.
Let us join hands, the disabled
and the non-disabled, to build an
India that we can all be proud of.
Conclusion !!

31. References…
www.indiatogether,com
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3657897/
www.ascd.org
www.dnis.org
www.google.com
www.sexualhealthcare.net
www.heathcare.in
Newspaper(Times Of India)
Newspaper(Hindustan Times)

32. Akash Mitra
Roll No. 130203007
Arghyadeep Sarkar
Roll No. 130203019
Arijit
Goswami Roll
No. 130203020
Avinash
Pandey
Roll No. 130203019
Kaustav
Karmakar
Roll No. 130203049