Cluster B Personality Disorder.pptx

CLUSTER B PERSONALITY
DISORDERS
Dramatic and Erratic Behavior/WILD CLUSTER

Antisocial personality
disorder
“I AM ENTITLED TO BREAK RULES”

Clinical Description
They are often described as being aggressive because they
take what they want, indifferent to the concerns of other
people. Lying and cheating seem to be second nature to them
Often they appear unable to tell the difference between the
truth and the lies they make up to further their own goals.

ACID LIAR
● ADULT
● CRIMINALITY
● IMPULSIVITY
● DISREGARD FOR SAFETY
● LYING/CHEATING
● IRRESPONSIBILITY
● AGGRESSION
● REMORSELESSNESS

TIMEFRAME: OCCURRING
SINCE AGE 15 and the
individual is at least
18 years.
CRITERIA NEEDED: Three
(or more symptoms)

What is Conduct disorder?
CD (Conduct Disorder) is a DSM-5 diagnosis typically assigned
to individuals under age 18, who habitually violate the
rights of others, and will not conform their behavior to the
law or social norms appropriate for their age.

TIMEFRAME: Occurring in the
past 12 months from any of
the categories below with at
least one criterion present
in the past 6 months.
CRITERIA NEEDED: Manifested
by the presence of at least
3 of the following 15
criteria.

One classic study that followed
1,000 delinquent and nondelinquent
boys over a 50-year period (Laub &
Vaillant, 2000).
The delinquent boys were more than
twice as likely to die an unnatural
death (for example, accident,
suicide, or homicide)

What causes Antisocial personality disorder?
TED BUNDY INTERVIEW
Etiology

Gene-Environment Interaction
● Gene-Environment Interaction tells us that the
interactions between genes and environment shape
human development.
● Epigenetics shows how environmental influences
such as children experiences actually affect the
expression of their genes.
Etiology

Environment
● Trauma or abuse early in childhood increases the
risk of developing ASPD later in life.
● People with an antisocial or alcoholic parent are
at increased risk of developing ASPD.
● Children living in poverty are at increased risk
for antisocial behavior, and a large portion of
this risk appears to operate through chronic
exposure to stressful events in daily life.
Etiology

Genetic
● There may be some genetics factors that can
predispose some individuals to develop ASPD.
However, there is no one genetic factor that is
thought to be responsible for the condition.
● The likelihood of an adult having antisocial personality
disorder increases if, as a child, he or she had both
conduct disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity
disorder (Biederman, Mick, Faraone, & Burback, 2001;
Moffitt, Caspi, Rutter, & Silva, 2001).
Etiology

Biology
● It has been shown that individuals with ASPD have reduced
cortical thickness in regions like the superior frontal
gyrus, orbitofrontal cortex, and middle frontal gyrus,
along with the insular cortex, precuneus, and
triangularis. (Jiang 2016).
● The fearlessness, seeming insensitivity to punishment,
and thrill seeking behaviors characteristic of those with
antisocial personality disorder.
Etiology

Lifestyle
● About half of people with ASPD also have problems with
drug or alcohol abuse.
Etiology

psychoanalysis
According to Freudian theory, as
someone with uncontrolled or
dominant ID, the person is
likely to become uncontrollable,
impulsive, and possibly
criminal.
If the ID dominates the whole
personality, namely the ego and
superego, then an antisocial
personality likely emerges.
Etiology

Antisocial Personality
Disorder and Criminality
CLUSTER B

In a classic prospective, longitudinal study, White, Moffitt,
and Silva (1989) followed almost 1,000 children, beginning at
age 5, to see what predicted antisocial behavior at age 15.
Antisocial Personality Disorder and Criminality

What distinguished these two groups?

Are all people diagnosed with Antisocial Personality Disorders criminal?
RAMIREZ INTERVIEW

Intervention
One of the major problems with treating people in this group
is typical of numerous personality disorders: They rarely
identify themselves as needing treatment.
Intervention

Intervention
Clinicians encourage identification
of high-risk children so that
treatment can be attempted before
they become adults (National
Collaborating Centre for Mental
Health, 2010; Thomas, 2009).
Intervention

Borderline Personality
Disorder
“I deserve to be punished”

CLINICAL DESCRIPTION
A pervasive pattern of instability of
interpersonal relationships, self-image, and
affects, and marked impulsivity, They also tend
to show impulsive and dangerous behaviors, such
as reckless driving and threatening self-harm.
All of these behaviors make it difficult for them
to maintain relationships.

I DESPAIR
● IDENTITY
● DYSPHORIA
● EMOTIONAL INSTABILITY
● SELF HARM/SUICIDE
● PSYCHOTIC/DISSOCIATIVE
● ANGER/HOSTILITY
● IMPULSIVITY
● RELATIONSHIP

TIMEFRAME: Beginning by
early adulthood and
present in a variety of
contexts.
CRITERIA NEEDED: Five
(or more symptoms)

What causes Borderline Personality Disorder?
Environmental: Childhood abuse and trauma
Up to 70% of people with BPD have experienced
sexual, emotional or physical abuse as a child.
Maternal separation, poor maternal attachment,
inappropriate family boundaries and parental
substance use disorder are also associated with
BPD.
Etiology

Genetics
Although anyone can develop BPD, it’s more common if you
have a family history of BPD. People with other mental health
conditions, such as anxiety, depression or eating disorders,
are also at higher risk.
Etiology

Biological
In people with BPD, the parts of their brain that control
emotion and behavior don’t communicate properly. These
problems affect the way their brain works.
Etiology

comorbidity
People with borderline personality disorder often have other
mental health conditions, including:
● Mood disorders (80% to 96% of people with BPD).
● Anxiety disorders (88%).
● Substance use disorder (64%).
● Eating disorders (53%).
● Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (10% to
30%).
● Bipolar disorder (15%).
● Somatoform disorders (10%).
If they have a co-existing condition, they’ll also need
treatment for it.

intervention
Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT): DBT focuses on helping
you accept the reality of your life and your behaviors, as
well as helping you learn to change your life, including
unhelpful behaviors.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Intervention

Histrionic Personality
Disorder
“People are there to serve or admire me”

Histrionic personality disorder (HPD) is a mental health
condition marked by intense, unstable emotions and a
distorted self-image. The word “histrionic” means “dramatic
or theatrical.”

early adulthood and
contexts.
Criteria needed: five
or more

What causes Histrionic Personality Disorder?
Genetics
Histrionic personality disorder tends to run in families,
so scientists think there may be a genetic (inherited) link.
A family history of personality disorders, anxiety, or
depression.
Etiology

Environmental: Childhood abuse and trauma
Children may cope with trauma, such as child abuse or
the death of a family member, that later as an adult may be
disruptive or problematic in their life and become part of a
personality disorder.
Etiology

Environmental: Parenting Styles
Children who experience parenting styles that lack
boundaries, are over-indulgent or inconsistent may be more
likely to develop histrionic personality disorder. In
addition, parents who display dramatic, erratic, volatile or
inappropriate sexual behavior put their children at risk for
developing this condition.
Etiology

Environmental: Learned Behaviors
● Being rewarded for attention seeking behavior as a
child
● A lack of criticism or punishment as a child
● Unpredictable attention from your parents
● Learning behaviors from a parent or caregiver with
histrionic personality disorder
Etiology

The term was used in court during the testimony of Shannon Curry,
PsyD, a clinical and forensic psychologist in California and Hawaii

Intervention
In most cases, people with histrionic personality disorder
(HPD) don’t believe their behaviors are problematic. They
also tend to exaggerate their feelings and dislike routine,
which makes following a treatment plan difficult.

Intervention
Some intervention techniques that can be use to treat HPD
are Group therapy, Psychodynamic psychotherapy and Cognitive
behavioral therapy (CBT).
While there’s currently no medication that can treat
personality disorders, there is medication for depression and
anxiety, which people with histrionic personality disorder
may also have. Treating these conditions can make it easier
to treat histrionic personality disorder.

Narcissistic Personality
Disorder
“Since I am special, I deserve special rules”

He spent his days admiring his own image reflected in a pool of water.

People with narcissistic personality disorder have an
unreasonable sense of self-importance and are so preoccupied
with themselves that they lack sensitivity and compassion for
other people (Caligor, Levy, & Yeomans, 2015; Ronningstam,
2012).

early adulthood and
contexts
Criteria needed: five
or more

What causes Narcissistic Personality Disorder?
The exact cause of NPD is not known. The disorder may result
from a combination of factors that include
● Childhood trauma (such as physical, sexual and verbal
abuse).
● Genetics (family history).

Environmental
Parent-child relationships
with either too much adoration
or too much criticism that
don't match the child's actual
experiences and achievements.
Etiology

Psychoanalytic
Some writers, including Kohut (1971, 1977), believe that
narcissistic personality disorder arises largely from a
profound failure by the parents of modeling empathy early in
a child’s development. As a consequence, the child remains
fixated at a self centered, grandiose stage of development.
Etiology

Can I take a test to see if I have narcissistic traits?
These tests give you a better insight into how you think and
feel. Tests include:
● Personality diagnostic questionnaire-4 (PDQ-4).
● Millon clinical multiaxial inventory III (MCMI-III).
● International personality disorder examination (IPDE).
Etiology

Intervention
● When therapy is attempted with these individuals, it
often focuses on their grandiosity, their
hypersensitivity to evaluation, and their lack of empathy
toward others (Campbell & Miller, 2011; Beck et al.,
2007).

Intervention
● Cognitive therapy strives to replace their fantasies with
a focus on the day-to-day pleasurable experiences that
are truly attainable. Coping strategies such as
relaxation training are used to help them face and accept
criticism.

ASPD
https://developingchild.harvard.edu/resources/what-is-epigenetics-and-how-
does-it-relate-to-child-development/
https://developingchild.harvard.edu/science/deep-dives/gene-environment-
interaction/#:~:text=Science%20tells%20us%20that%20the,some%20are%20expressed%
20at%20all.
https://www.lakeforest.edu/news/the-ventromedial-prefrontal-
cortex/orbitofrontal-cortex-insights-into-emotional-dysregulation-and-
impulsivity-in-aspd

BPD
https://div12.org/case_study/mary-borderline-personality-
disorder/
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9762-
borderline-personality-disorder-bpd

Hpd and narcissistic
narcissistic-personality-disorder
histrionic-personality-disorder

Cluster B Personality Disorder.pptx

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