The Invention Of The Industrial Revolution

The Invention Of The Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution completely changed the course of human events ever since the first
machines were created. All the advancements in technology that have led us to today's modern
machines couldn't of been possible without the initial events that sparked the very first mechanical
devices. Behind these very first devices was a power source, fossil fuels, whether it was coal for
trains or eventually gasoline for cars. These resources seemed to power the world into a completely
new era, one where people get around by cars and ships rather than horses and sail boats. For about
the past 250 years fossil fuels have been by far the main power source for the world. As time
progressed from the Industrial era the effects of burning these resources were not in the picture due
to the lack of technology and noticeable changes. However, today we have the capability to not only
see the changes that have occurred but to also trace them back to their sources. It is with this new
ability that climatologists and scientists have been able to study the effects that fossil fuels have put
on our current environment. As with all major topics an opposition exists that believes that either
global climate change is a naturally occurring event or that the warming effect itself does not exist.
In order to view if the effects of fossil fuels have considerably influenced global climate change a
number of factors and correlations need to be considered to analyze its validity. Supporters of
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Climate Action Plan For The Uk Greenhouse Gas Emissions
B.C. Climate Action Plan
The B.C. Climate Action Plan is a comprehensive strategy implemented by the Canadian
government with the objective to diminish provincial greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). In 2007, a
Throne Speech was given remarking that climate leadership in B.C was illusory and commitment to
climate leadership was an imperative component in the future of the province. As such, in 2008, the
Climate Action Plan was released with the intent to serve as a guide in helping British Columbia
attain a prosperous, green economy. Within the Action Plan, initiatives and approaches are outlined
to make B.C carbon neutral by 2010 and move the province closer towards reducing GHG emissions
to the target 33 percent in 2020. By 2050, the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Chronology
2007 – A speech from the Throne is given outlining the need for climate leadership. In response, 180
municipalities in B.C sign the Charter.
2008– The Climate Action Plan is released along with the enactment of the greenhouse gas
legislation.
2009–Federal standards are created for vehicle emissions.
2010– The first progress report is submitted showing all Climate Action commitments are underway
or complete. Additionally, B.C becomes the first carbon neutral government in North America.
2011 to 2012– The first interim GHG target reaches 6 percent below 2007 levels.
Objectives and Design
The B.C. Climate Action Plan has one main objective: to reduce provincial greenhouse gas
emissions. This objective takes the form of legislative targets that commit B.C to reduce their
emissions and become a carbon neutral province. The Climate Action Plan is comprised of pillars
that characterize key tactics that make reaching these goals plausible and realistic.
Key Pillars
The B.C Climate Action plan has 5 main pillars:
1. Legislated Targets: Entrenched in law, by 2020, B.C is committed to reduce their GHG emissions
by 33 percent compared to 2007 levels. Additionally, by 2050, the province has committed to reduce
emissions by 80 percent compared to 2007 levels.
2. Key Partnerships: The development of partnerships among nations surface opportunities to
capitalize on complementary strengths. As such, B.C has partnered with states

Fossil Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emission Essay
Fuel cells powered by hydrogen represent the latest technology in the push to reduce fossil fuel
consumption and greenhouse gas emission. The internal combustion engine's design limitations have
been pushed to their limits and fuel economy has been maxed out. While a shift in consumer
preference to smaller and more fuel efficient automobiles would decrease consumption and
emissions, the economic model alone will not prompt such a change. The hydrogen fuel cell's new
technology calls for a radical change in design approaches that will test the automakers that choose
to mass–produce this technology. The hydrogen harvesting methods required to power the fuel cells
have environmental challenges. Regardless of the challenges, the ... Show more content on
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The push to design and develop different methods of propulsion for motor vehicles came only after
petroleum solutions became exhausted. Emissions reduction policies and the rising price of oil
forced automakers to pursue more fuel efficient vehicles and eventually alternatively fueled
vehicles. While the hybrid electric vehicle and the plug–in electric car have proven to be more
viable solutions in the near term, the need for hydrogen fuel cells will only increase.
The technology behind hydrogen fuel cells is rather unremarkable, however, the difficulties and
dangers created by the fuel cells will require extraordinary engineering. Today's fuel cells use the
same reverse electrolysis phenomena that Grove's battery did over a century ago (Lampton).
Hydrogen is ionized and passed through a membrane that separates the electrons from the hydrogen
ions. The electrons are formed into an electrical current while the hydrogen ions react with the
oxygen in the air to form water vapor, the heat generated by the reaction typically boils the water
(Lampton). The catalyst and membrane can be tweaked and optimized by engineers to improve the
technology but the basic principle will remain the same.
Hydrogen fuel cells make up for the simplicity with a number of operational challenges facing
applications in automobiles or other vehicles. A fuel cell costs between $50,000 and $100,000 and
relies on a platinum catalyst

Man 's Mass Animal Farming Habits Are Responsible For 18 %...
Man's mass animal farming habits are also responsible for 18% of all global greenhouse gas
emissions (Anderson and Kuhn). The primary contributor to these emissions is methane– one of the
most harmful toxic human–caused gases that absorbs infrared radiation and becomes trapped in the
Earth's atmosphere causing a rise in temperature (EPA). The Environmental Protection Agency
states that, "Domestic livestock . . . produce large amounts of methane as part of their normal
digestive process. Also, when animals ' manure is stored or managed in lagoons or holding tanks,
methane is produced . . . Globally, the agriculture sector is the primary source of methane
emissions" (EPA). On a smaller scale, animal waste actually produces a very small amount of
methane on its own. However, the one billion animals that are raised in confinement on diets of
abnormally high protein from corn and soybeans produce mass amounts of toxic waste every year
that poison the Earth's atmosphere. Andersen and Kuhn's recent study shows that, "Every minute, 7
million pounds of excrement are produced by animals raised for food in the U.S." This is 130 times
the amount of waste that is created by humans annually. (Andersen and Kuhn). CAFOs in the U.S.
alone produce about 500 million tons of waste every year (Koneswaran and Nierenberg 579).
Results from a Steinfeld study in 2006 state that: Globally, emissions from pig manure alone
account for almost half of all greenhouse gas emissions from farm animal

The Pros And Cons Of Greenhouse Gas Regulation
Greenhouse gas regulation (GHG) is one of the ways that eases climate change while keeping
Canadian economy. They must consider mitigating greenhouse emission under the condition of
rising energy production and greenhouse gas consistently (Tarnoczi & Driver, 2014). In addition,
Canada is a third largest oil reserves, as well as ninth largest emitter in the world and approximately
25% of greenhouse gas is attributed to transportation (Figures, 2015). Therefore, the effort of people
is needed for significant reduction. Canadian governments try to achieve it through the stringent
regulation for the transportation and electricity sectors (N.A, 2015). However, advantage and
disadvantage for both people and industry exist at least. Forum (2013) indicates

The Impact of Electric Vehicles on Greenhouse Gas...
The rising levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHG) caused by the increased use of fossil fuels
for energy services–notably transportation, heating, and the generation of electricity–is known to be
one of the foremost drivers of climate change. The United States is responsible for one–fourth of the
world's total greenhouse gas emissions, representing only 5% of the world population and it
becomes the world's single largest emitter of atmospheric greenhouse gasses (EPA, 2011) . Since
1970, the U.S. share of net import of crude oil and consumption had been increased significantly
and the majority of the imported liquid–based petroleum fuels were used for U.S. transportation
sector (EIA, 2010). Today, the transportation is the second ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
According to the American Clean Energy and Security Act (ACES), the U.S. work towards an
economy–wide CO2 cap–and–trade reduction program to reduce CO2 emissions to 17% below 2005
levels by 2020 (Morrow, Gallagher, Collantes, & Lee, 2010).
As part of the United States planned greenhouse gas emissions reduction strategy, it is necessary for
U.S. to consider the effect of new electricity services coming to the transportation sector. One such
service that is gaining widespread interest is the electrification of personal transportation (also
referred to as "passenger cars") using Plug–in Electric Vehicles (PEV's). The advantage of
electrification of personal transportation leads to improved air quality and to reduce the U.S's GHG
contribution to global climate change.
In 2007, Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and the Natural Resources Defense Council
(NRDC) made a collaborated study on penetration of plug–in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) and
published it as "Environmental Assessment of Plug–In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV), Volume 1:
Nationwide Greenhouse Gas Emissions". The EPRI "well–to–wheels" study is based on the data
which is primarily collected from the 48 states of U.S.A. This study compared the well–to–wheels
GHG emissions per mile for three distinct vehicle types: Conventional gasoline

Global Warming Persuasive Essay
What would our world, the place we call home be like if we were to just keep living our lives as if
global warming was not an issue? Would our coastlines or beaches be underwater? What about the
farmland that we depend on for food? The purpose of this paper is persuade you, the reader that we
as individuals can help save the planet from the negative effects of global warming and provide a
better future for our children.
What is global warming? Global warming is the increasing of the average temperature near earth's
surface. It is caused mostly by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
(EPA, 2014) Greenhouse gasses are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and
fluorocarbons. Some greenhouse gases are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Under normal conditions some of the infrared waves are trapped on earth by our atmosphere. This
keeps the temperature of earth at balance so that its occupants can survive, although if we did not
have greenhouse gases the average temperature of the earth would be zero degrees Fahrenheit.
Under current conditions, however, the infrared waves and the concentration of greenhouse gases
that were leaving earth's atmosphere are now being trapped and causing the temperature of our earth
to change from its usual, to a dangerously hotter climate which is distressing to earth and our
survival.
We as humans contribute to these greenhouse gases. Carbon dioxide, the most well–known of the
gases, accounts for about 80 percent of the greenhouse gasses. This is due in part by the burning of
fossil fuels such as oil, coal, and natural gas. These fuels are what we use to operate cars, generate
electricity, factories, heat our homes, and many other things. Another leading contributor to the
rising levels of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere is deforestation. "Deforestation accounts for more
greenhouse gas than all of the world's planes, trains, cars, trucks and ships combined. It's the second
highest contributor to climate change." (White,

Taking a Look at Global Warming
"The Earth has cancer and the cancer is man." This contentious quote was said by Mihaljo
Mesarovic and Eduard Pestel, the two authors who wrote the book Mankind at a Turning Point. In
this book Mihaljo and Eduard talk about how our actions as mankind are killing, spoiling, and
taking for granted the Earth that we are given. Some people think that the heating of Earth is natural
and is inevitable no matter what mankind has to do with it. Whether man is affecting the warmth of
earth, or if it is just a natural ongoing process is an open–ended and continuous argument. Because
of its reoccurring and destructive circumstances the Greenhouse Effect has become a dilemma that
is being researched and worked against amongst the world. Global Warming is caused by extreme
quantities of greenhouse gases emitted into Earth's near–surface atmosphere, (Deborah White).
Greenhouse gases are produced by both man and occur naturally. These gases consist of carbon
dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons. These gases are what cause global warming or
the greenhouse effect. Carbon dioxide is produced by volcanic eruptions, natural fires, fossil fuel
combustion, deforestation and land use changes (such as converting forests to urban development.
Methane is another greenhouse gas which is produced by the decay of organic substances in
landfills, wetlands, and rice fields; also enteric fermentation in the digestive tracts of ruminant
animals. Nitrous Oxide is produced by the use of

The Greenhouse Policy : Global Warming Temperatures
The Greenhouse Policy
The Greenhouse Policy was adapted from the Greenhouse and Energy Minimum Standards
Regulation 2012. The aim of the Policy was to limit global warming temperatures below two
degrees Celsius, reduce emissions to five per cent below 2000 levels by 2020, and provide
recommendations. In 1998, Australia signed the Kyoto Protocol, an international treaty, which
commits to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Australian Gas Light Company is committed to
reduce emissions, being the largest contributor.
A summary of the policy
The Greenhouse Policy will:
– Provide the market with safe, reliable, affordable and sustainable energy options are
recommendations
– Not build, finance or acquire new conventional coal–fired power stations in Australia
– Not extend the operating life of any of its existing coal–fired power stations
– Close all existing coal–fired power stations in its portfolio
– Improve the greenhouse gas efficiency
– Continue to invest in new renewable and near–zero emission technologies
– Make available innovative and cost–effective solutions for the customers
A description of the main issues
Climate change is a detrimental wicked problem currently facing Australia; it will decrease in
number of cyclones but the intensity will increase, rise temperatures with more warm weather and
fewer cool weather, allow Australia to continue to be subjected to extreme fire days and a longer fire
season, annual rainfall will decrease and droughts will appear more

Fracking: Greenhouse Gas and Water
What's the Fracking Problem?
W hy does everyone care so much about natural gas? Why is it such an essential part of modern
culture? Sure, it's an exciting and up and coming technology, which is fuel for the technological
generation that we've grown up in, but we need to take a closer look to see the methods and impacts
that could affect generations after us.
Water is one of our important resources that were given to us by mother nature. We see water as a
source for survival and many more advantages. It's fragile, and the smallest amount of contaminants
could ruin it for a population, yet one of the major ingredients in fracking processes is the water.
Reports of accidents involving water contamination are everywhere. The basic process of ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Let's face it, people need the money, and some don't mind taking the risk of their water becoming
harmful, some don't even realize how critical the case is. In spite of that, there are people out there,
who do realize the harmful effects that fracking can cause, and these people are the ones who are
fighting for the purity and future of water.
Even more disturbing to some, possible groundwater contamination is the claim that the methane
released during the extraction process cancels out any of the assumed environmental benefits.
Although the overall amounts are relatively low, methane has one–hundred and five times more
warming impact pound for pound than carbon dioxide, and so a little really does go a long way
when it comes to climate change. Not surprisingly, there is wide disagreement on how much
methane is being leaked into the atmosphere as part of the fracking process.
Many people argue that we need hydrofracking. The economy is faltering, and more jobs are
desperately needed. However, hydrofracking will harm the economy, both in the long and short
term. Most industry workers won't come from local areas, so relatively few people will get jobs.
Perhaps local hotels and restaurants will get more traffic, but farmers will lose business. No one
would go to a farmer's market if they knew the produce could be contaminated with carcinogens and
radioactivity from hydrofracking. As well, tourism is one of the region's largest

The Obligation For Educate And Reduce Greenhouse Gas...
Alexander Quach
Word Count: 2509
The Obligation to Educate and Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions
I. Introduction Many people, particularly of the United States, do not know about climate change
(CC), nor do they know about how they are personally contributing to it. When discussed, most
strategies created to combat climate change discount the power of education in reducing greenhouse
gas (GHG) emissions (a contributor to CC). In this paper, I argue that climate change causes
immense damage by borrowing from John Nolt's The Individual's Obligation to Relinquish
Unnecessary Greenhouse–Gas–Emitting Devices (2013). The potential is so high that we, as
individuals and institutions, have a moral obligation to educate our populace in an effort to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions. As an aside, I shall also attempt to quantify how much education could
reduce emissions.
This paper remainder of this paper will be split into three parts. Part II will lay out my argument and
all of its claims clearly and defends each of the argument's premises. Part III will be where I attempt
to respond to some objections that could arise. Part IV will conclude the paper and provide a
summary.
II. Premises, Claims, and Defenses As stated before, this portion of the paper aims to explain/defend
the argument and its premises.
Premise 1: "The harms of greenhouse gas emissions are so great and continue over such a long time
that even the emissions of single individuals contribute significantly

Essay On Greenhouse Gas Emissions
As emitter–in–chief Donald Trump pulls out of the Paris Climate Accord, the time has come for a
top–down approach to reducing global greenhouse gas emissions. Jack Close explains.
Environmentalists are quick to sing out about New Zealand's excessive greenhouse gas emissions –
and rightly so. In the large part, we are a gas–guzzling, river–polluting, plastic–bag–wasting
country. But the rules of international trade means cutting back on production in our worst–emitting
industry probably won't work, or at least not yet.
New Zealand is the world's largest dairy exporter, making up about 35 percent of international trade
and sells nearly half of the world's traded lamb. Agriculture accounts for 5.1 percent of our GDP,
and directly employs 7 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
And we keep getting better at it – in the last two decades, we've reduced the amount of emissions
per unit of lamb, milk solids and beef by up to 33 percent.
If anyone should be producing dairy products, lamb, and beef, it should be us, right?
The NZ Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Research Centre uses the term 'leakage' to describe what
would happen if we cut back on agriculture. If we reduce the amount of milk solids we export, for
example, people across the world will still want milk.
Instead, another country will seize the opportunity to fill the hole in the market, and feed the alley
cat that is global greenhouse gas emissions.
Not only will New Zealand be missing out on the revenue from those exports, but the countries that
attempt to capitalise on New Zealand's newfound environmental stewardship may not have
anywhere near the emission productivity that we do. Parts of Africa and South East Asia produce
seven times more methane per kilogram of edible protein than us.
In theory, we'd be leaving the world in a worse environmental state than it was beforehand, and we'd
be out of pocket.
Unless the whole world goes vegan, the demand for animal protein will only increase as exponential
population growth continues, with the United Nations expecting an extra 2.4 billion mouths to feed
by 2050.

No country wants to lose out if they over–commit to reducing climate change. There's a very good
reason the Government conveniently left off

The First Gas Powered Automobile
Planet earth has been around for 4.5 billion years, as landscapes such as glaciers covered large parts
of the earth. Humans have been on earth for about 200,000 years, causing all sorts of changes to the
environment. Humans have constructed a new earth as; roads, bridges, canals, and shelter have been
built throughout the planet. This takes a toll on earth, but climate change has never been a real topic
being debated, until the late 20th century. As time goes on, new inventions are being constructed
such as the automobile. The first gas–powered automobile was built in 1886 (N/A). As the years
progressed, the automobile became a necessity, as almost every family owned one. The United
States was booming after the industrial revolution, factories were made producing all sorts of new
inventions. Little did humans know, these factories and automobiles were producing all sorts of
greenhouse gasses causing harm to the earth. Climate change is a topic that is grasping attention
throughout the planet, as humans are now seeing the consequences of these actions. Greenhouse
emissions are made up of all types of gasses such as methane, nitrous oxide, and the leading
emission: Carbon dioxide (N/A). "The standard ways of living has increased, as energy supply is the
leading cause of greenhouse gas emissions. Transportation also deals with a large amount of
greenhouse emissions being released into our solar system. Starting in 1950, greenhouse gasses
started to increase dramatically. This

How Electric Vehicles Can Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Electric cars are vehicles, which, instead of internal combustion engines, are driven by electric
motors and controllers. They have proved to be a good substitute for conventional vehicles and are
considered as a revolutionary innovation designed to protect the earth from the damaging effects of
global warming, as they work on the electricity supplying the integrated rechargeable battery that
can be easily recharged. Compared to traditional means of transport, electric vehicles seem to be
more viable and environmentally friendly because they do not need oil or other fossil fuels as an
energy source but the high cost of such a car and other important issues of exploitation discussed in
this paper make their use very doubtful comparing to the usual cars. The studies have shown that
electric vehicles can reduce greenhouse gas emissions to "6.12 billion tons annually" (Westbrook,
2001). Even though they need mainly coal as a supply of electricity, they produce less harmful
emissions than oil, which is the main source of energy for transport modes, driven by gasoline
(Westbrook, 2001). With the development of renewable energy technologies that use the power of
wind or solar energy, people can get a clean source of electricity, which will make the electric car
more friendly to nature. In addition, the introduction of "regenerative braking system" will allow
cars to convert the force of inertia into electricity, thus, adding, extra batteries, which, in return,
increase its

The Big Baddy Of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Leading To...
Issue one: climate change
Environmental agencies focus on fossil fuels as the big bad baddy of greenhouse gas emissions
leading to global warming, suggesting alternative energy, carpooling, hybrid cars, and biking, but
animal agriculture accounts for more carbon dioxide per year than all transportation methods
combined.
A conservative 2006 study by the United Nations food and agricultural study placed animal
agriculture at 7,516 million tons per year or 18% of annual global green house gas emissions with a
far more thorough 2009 WorldWatch Institute study taking into account overlooked livestock
respiration, land use, methane and other oversights of the Food and Agricultural Organization of the
United Nations with the ultimate outcome of at least 32,564 million tons of carbon dioxide per year
coming from animal agriculture. That's 51 percent of all global emissions compared to the 13
percent of all combined transportation.
And what do the environmental agencies point to? Reducing fossil fuel usage.
If we completely stopped all use of gas, oil, fuel, electricity et cetera, and never used them ever
again, we would still exceed our carbon equivalent greenhouse gas emissions of 565 gigatons by the
year 2030 just with the impact of livestock alone. [10][11]
So not using fossil fuels at all, which would be the wet dream of every environmental agency, we're
still gassing out the planet with the one contributor–the main contributor–which they refuse to even
address.
In a similar

How The End Of Cheap Energy Affects Greenhouse Gas...
On the first day of my Political Economy class, I was introduced to the concept of limited resources.
Conventionally–extracted fossil–fuels (oil and natural gas) are likely to have supply shortages in the
near future. Although coal and unconventional resources are possible alternatives, reliance on
emission–intensive resources can be problematic to our low carbon budget. The Fifth Assessment
Report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2014) presented four emissions
pathways. The 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP 21) is aimed to achieve the
low emission pathway, which would limit the global temperature increase to 2 °C above pre–
industrial levels. This paper examines how the end of cheap energy affects greenhouse gas
emissions. I focus my attention on China and India because of their shared identities, shared norms,
and increasing significance in the discourse of climate change. I propose that by 2050, the end of
cheap energy will bring China and India closer together, and as a result China and India will lower
their emissions and the planet will be on a low–emission pathway.
China and India share many identities. They are two of the oldest civilizations. Both countries have
a complicated relationship with the West because of imperialism. Currently, China has the largest
population at around 1.4 billion people. India's population is likely to succeed China in the coming
future. The enormous labor force of China and India has allowed them to

The Climate Change And Reduce The Greenhouse Gas Emission
Some scientists and engineers figure out that a better way to fight against the climate change and
reduce the greenhouse gas emission is supporting "nuclear energy" ("Climate Change"). Nuclear
generation is also one of the energy that is able to supply the world's electricity. Additionally, the
nuclear generation currently avoids the emission "over two billion tons of carbon dioxide each year"
("Climate Change"). It is an economic development and greenhouse gas emission reductions.
Currently, many countries are planning to use nuclear generation because it is helpful to meet their
emission reduction. Many researchers find that the best way to get energy for daily use is by
converting the "coal into electricity" (Cohen and Winkler 1). There is a lot of energy that stored in
the coal, so people are capable to get electricity from it. Furthermore, coal generated electricity is
really helpful for farming, industry, heating, transportation, etc. The cost of the coal fired electricity
is pretty low because the environmental costs are not included in the price. When we are combusting
the fossil fuel, the greenhouse gas emission "associated with the production of electricity using gas"
will be releasing less than those "associated with electricity produced from coal" (Cohen and
Winkler 1). According to the researchers, carbon dioxide is the "major greenhouse gas in terms of
overall contribution" despite its lower "global warming potentially relative to methane" which will
give

Humans Are Involved In Global Change
Adrian Sanchez
Multiple–Choice
Page.519
1. Humans are involved in global change in many ways. They release chemicals into the air and put
a larger demand on natural resources.
2. The current global change has made the rates rise higher than historical rates, this is because of
humans. In the past the global temperatures has gone up and down over millions of years.
3. Global change is the change in biological, physical, and chemical properties of the planet and
climate change is when the average weather changes over years.
Page.522
4. The energy from the sun heats the Earth through the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is
when the atmospheric gases absorb infrared radiation and release it back to Earth's surface, it acts
almost like ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The main natural sources of greenhouse gases are decomposition, evaporation, and volcano
eruptions. Some anthropogenic sources are deforestation, landfills, and burning of fossil fuels.
8. The easiest anthropogenic source to reduce is burning fossil fuels, the reason for this is because
with the advancements in technology we can now use thing s such as solar power and wind power
instead of burning fossil fuels.
9. The reason we rank the sources of greenhouse gases is because it is the easiest way to identify the
origin of the problem and try and solve the problem
Page.534
10. 20% of the populations living in the developed world produce about 75% of the CO2, but as
these countries develop they are passing the developed world in CO2 emissions.
11. They use ice cores to know the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. The ice has small
bubbles that are melted and measured to see how much greenhouse gases where in the air that was
trapped in the bubble.
12. They help us visualize what has happened and what will happen in the future. They do not
always predict the correct forecast.
Page.535
13. Positive feedback amplifies the initial change and negative feedback is when the initial change is
when helps prevent any further doing of the

Should Veganism Be Good Or Bad For The Environment?
Going vegan is something people believe is necessary to be heathy. But is it? Studies have shown
veganism to be accommodating to the environment, but scientists also found reason for it to be
negligent for nature too. Veganism can help the planet with the decrease of greenhouse gas
emissions, can help the environment from being destroyed, but in the end going vegan could be bad
for the environment also. In this case, could being vegan be good or bad for the environment?
Greenhouse gas emissions could be stopped by veganism due to lowering the percentage of citizens
who are not vegetarian. One scientist said, " A study published in nature found that by 2050 a
projected 80% increase in global greenhouse gas emissions from food production can be avoided if
the global diet is an equal–parts mixture of ......vegetarian diets." With this being commented,
scientists can conclude that veganism can help the Earth someway. Another expert responded, "The
livestock sector ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Studies have also shown that veganism isn't better; it's worse. "Eating lettuce is over 3 times worse
in greenhouse gas emissions than eating bacon," said Paul Fischbeck. So, in this case eating
vegetables is really bad for the environment because it creates more air pollution than meat. Hilary
Hanson commented," not every plant product is more environmentally friendly than every meat
product." This explains that even though being vegetarian could help the environment, but fruits and
vegetables aren't always going to be. So, in conclusion, going vegan could help planet in many
ways. Veganism does have its ups and downs but could eventually save the plant. It can reduce
greenhouse gas emissions and is better for the environment than raising cattle. As a result of
veganism, the Earth could be heathy again. With going vegan, humans could save the planet from
total destruction. Choose your choice

Why Are Bugs Bad
Did you know bugs are actually good for our planet? In the US people want more beef and which
we would need more cows and they co2 gas and that would make it to greenhouse gas then climate
change would happen and extinct some of our species for example the polar there climate is
changing. My three reasons are they release less greenhouse gas, they require less resources and
they are healthy. First of all we should eat bugs because produce less greenhouse gas. According to
UN and Agriculture Organization chart in source 3, cows produce 78–180 kg greenhouse, pigs
produce 21–57 kg and bugs produce 0–18 (UN 3). This means that bugs produce the lowest amount
at greenhouse gas. Also, that means cows and pigs produce the most greenhouse gas, which would
make climate change. In addition Crane said "bugs produce 100 times less greenhouse gases and
have high levels of calcium and iron" (Crane 2). This means if people start making farms and eating
bugs and we can stop climate change. Also that means we can have more high levels of calcium and
iron. In conclusion we should eat bugs because they produce less greenhouse gas. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to the article on "Here's Why You Should Start Eating (More) Bugs" bugs "require 12
times less food than cattle "(Boboltz 1). This mean it would cost less money. In fact, people could
make a lot of money off of this. Furthermore, according to the CNN video there is not a lot of bug
farms so there would be more jobs open (Loo 2). In fact all the abandoned buildings would be open
for bugs farms. Now the reason for that people could make a lot of money because it might be the
new trend. In conclusion we could save up more resources and more

Meat Production : Greenhouse Gas And Water Usage
Meat Production: Greenhouse Gas and Water Usage
There has been a lot of recent media coverage on the World Health Organization's (WHO)
declaration that processed meats can cause cancer. The evidence is not new; however, WHO's
announcement brings increased attention to the matter. In addition to the human health effects of
eating meat, there are also significant environmental impacts–greater than any other type of food–to
supporting the desire to consume meat and dairy.
Raising livestock for animal products requires a lot of land, water, food, and energy. Further, waste
water, manure, and the use of pesticides and fertilizers pollute the air, streams, rivers, and oceans.
There are a number of different types of livestock that contribute to environmental degradation, and
in different ways; however, beef and dairy cattle appear to be the worst perpetrators. To narrow the
focus of this paper, I will examine beef and two types of environmental impacts: greenhouse gases
and water usage. Before we can understand the impacts, it's important to note something about
consumption habits.
CONSUMPTION
Although Americans' consumption of meat is on the decline, on average we eat more meat per
person than almost every other nation (Molla). Further, despite the decline that we've seen over the
last few years, when looking over a longer term, meat consumption has increased dramatically since
the 1930's. Rising incomes and/or falling prices might offer insight into some of the reasons

British Columbia’s Carbon Tax and its Impact on Greenhouse...
In June of 2008, British Columbia became the first and only Canadian province to introduce a
carbon tax, and has been praised and scone by environmentalists, economists, and politicians alike,
arguing whether the tax is efficient or destructive method of controlling greenhouse gas emissions.
The liberal premier Gordon Campbell introduced the carbon tax; its main purpose would be to
enforce a carbon tax to increase the price of consumption of fossil fuels within the province, the
philosophy behind the tax was to make taxes higher on the deemed environmentally detrimental
purchases and lessen the tax on the others. The carbon tax promised to achieve this in a carbon
neutral way, which meant that the revenue received from the tax would be ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Stewart Elgie, a University of Ottawa law and economics professor and chair of the green economy
think–tank Sustainable Prosperity suggests that British Columbia's per–capita fuel usage had fallen
more than 4 per cent compared with the rest of Canada and its economy (Ebner, McCarthy, 2011)
Evidently it is reducing the amount of green house gasses emitted by fossil fuel use. However this is
not the concern many had with the introduction of the tax, but the concerns were focused upon the
externalities caused by this and the effects it would have on the economy. Three years since the
carbon tax introduction and the Provincial level of GDP has remained approximately the same,
(Greenery in Canada: We have a winner) With the provincial level of GDP remaining around the
same, this suggests that at the very worst the carbon tax has had no negative effects to the provincial
economy. Furthermore the tax also promised to remain carbon neutral and promised to cut corporate
and private income tax. British Columbia has become the province with the lowest income tax
regime and the lowest corporate tax regime (Greenery in Canada: We have a winner). Although the
carbon tax is being praised by many, it still faces concerns as many still argue the ineffectiveness of
the tax and what that means for the province.
One major objection many economists have to the question of carbon tax effectiveness is whether
the taxes on carbon are high enough to create any change in

The Greenhouse Gas Protocol
Reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, particularly from industrial production, to combat
global climate change is one of the biggest sustainable development challenge for the international
community. Countries are adopting Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs), low
carbon development strategies and climate change policies to tackle issues of climate change and at
the same time meet their development goals. At the global level, United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and Kyoto Protocol, have paved ways for voluntary
GHG emission reduction targets. To facilitate the mitigation actions, carbon intensities of production
process are tracked and GHG inventories are developed. Such accounting of GHGs is a ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Source: WRI and WBCSD, 2007: 21
GHG Reporting Programme
In simple terms, accounting and reporting of GHG programme begins with identification of
programme objectives. These objectives may range from voluntary action like tracking progress
towards GHG reduction targets; supporting national climate change strategies; supporting GHG
trading programs; facilitating GHG mitigation activities; to provide information to shareholders and
investors.
Once the objectives are decided, the programme decides on which GHG accounting principles to
adopt. Such process implements basic principles like relevance, completeness, consistency,
transparency, and accuracy of data. After the base year has been selected the process follows
internationally accepted GHG accounting methodologies (see available protocols and standards
below), which can be modified to suit the requirement of the country or company.
After the objectives and the methodologies are agreed upon, the programme design will decide on
sectors, sources and gases that the programme covers. Generally, major economic sectors such as
energy, industrial processes, land–use change, agriculture, and waste disposal are considered for the
GHG emission. Similarly, the

The Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program
Businesses in recent times are interested in being sustainable. They want to reduce their impact on
the environment, but still continue to operate and fulfill their obligations to their stockholders by
making a profit. Prior to the current trend of environmental interest, certain industries had negatively
affected the environment in the course of doing normal business. As a result, governments have
enacted laws that limited the amount of pollution that a firm can release. One such law is the
Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program, which in a nutshell, stipulates mandatory reporting of
greenhouse gases released by certain firms. In regards to the program, what is it, and what is its
purpose? How does this program relate to accounting, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The data will be used to help create laws and policies that further protect the environment against
additional degradation. What are greenhouse gases, and why does this program focus on them,
instead of other pollutants? According to an article, greenhouse gases absorb infrared radiation. This
absorption of heat in the atmosphere over time is responsible in the increase in the overall
temperature of the planet, and this is known as the "greenhouse effect" (Lallanilla, 2015). Basically,
this program focuses more on greenhouse gases and other air pollutants, because the effects
associated with the greenhouse effect will negatively affect the air quality and atmosphere of the
entire planet, not just in the United States. Overall, this program is meant to get companies to be
mindful of their environmental impact for the sake of the planet, and to promote sustainability.
How exactly does this program relate to accounting? This program is meant to promote
sustainability and get firms to watch their environmental impact. In its June of 2015 report, the
AICPA cites the trend of sustainable operations and states that "CPAs are well positioned to offer
expertise that organizations can use to implement, track, and verify their sustainability efforts." (The
State of, 2015). In order for a firm to commit to sustainable operations, they must make changes in
the way that

The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative
RGGI Overview
The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) is a cap and trade initiative set to regulate and
reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases from power generating facilities with an electrical
capacity equal or greater than 25 electrical megawatts (RGGI, 2015). The drafting of this initiative
started in 2003 when Connecticut (CT), Delaware (DE), Maine (ME), Massachusetts (MA), New
Hampshire (NH), New Jersey (NJ), New York (NY), Rhode Island (RI), and Vermont (VT) showed
interest in reviewing greenhouse gas emissions and a cap–trade coalition to address the emission
from power plants in their territory. In 2005, the above mentioned states with the exception of RI
and MA signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) that outlined the model rules for the
program. Some of the topics outlined in RGGI Model Rule include: the responsibilities of the
account representatives, permitting recommendations, monitoring requirements, compliance
certification reports, control periods and others. The Model Rules were also the building blocks used
to develop state–specific regulations supporting the goals and actions necessary to succeed as a
member. In 2007 MA, RI and MD also signed the MOU (RGGI, 2015a; RGGI, 2015b). On January
1, 2012, RGGI lost one of its founding members after the governor of NJ; Chris Christie withdrew
NJ's support to the initiative. Throughout its participation, NJ received over $100 million in
revenues directly from the RGGI markets. (Christie, 2011) The

Kyoto Protocol Is An International Agreement
Introduction to the Kyoto Protocol
Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement which was announced in Kyoto, Japan in 1997. It is
considered as the supplement of the UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change) and the main target for the Kyoto protocol is to reduce the emissions of anthropogenic
greenhouse gases. Nowadays, there are 192 Parties that have signed and ratified the Kyoto Protocol
and the overall emission of these countries accounts for 61% of the total greenhouse gases emission
on world. The agreement was designed first to solve the issue on greenhouse gas emission and it is
one of the most well–known environmental issue in public and becomes worse and worse through
time. Therefore, reducing greenhouse gas emission today is necessary and crucial for the
sustainability of the environment. One of the most famous impact of greenhouse gas emission is the
sea level increasing. As the tremendous amount of greenhouse gas emissions in 21 century, it leads
to the global warming and thus the Earth's climate has warmed by approximately 0.6 Celsius degree
over the past 100 years. Increasing of sea level makes island countries such as Maldives face the
problem that the majority of its land area might be underwater by the end of the century( Union of
Concerned Scientists,2011).
The specific goal that the developed countries have to meet is to reduce the greenhouse gas emission
by around 5% below their 1990 levels from 2008 to 2012 and the amounts may

Contributions Of Greenhouse Gas Consumption And Internal...
Transportation sector contributes to a considerable share of energy consumption and Greenhouse
Gas (GHG) emissions worldwide. In 2015, 50% of world oil consumption was consumed for road
transportation [1]. In 2014, 35% of energy was used in the transportation sector (21% of world
energy consumption was used in passenger cars) [1]. In 2010, about 14% of worldwide GHG
emissions was from the transportation sector [2]. The share of the transportation sector in a country's
GHG emissions varies among the countries all over the world. For instance, in the US, the
transportation sector is a major contributor to GHG emissions and accounted for 27% of GHG
emission in 2015 [3]. Out of that 27%, 60% of emission is from light–duty vehicles and 23% from
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is a notable point especially for countries that have a high percent of emission–free electricity
generation capacity and can use that emission–free electricity to provide the energy needed in the
transportation sector. To cut CO2 emissions by 80% by 2050 (as decided by G8 leaders and the
European Union in 2009), a 95% carbon emission reduction should happen in transport sector [6].
However, based on the expected number of passenger cars by 2050 and knowing the emissions and
efficiency of ICEVs, the reduction target for transportation sector cannot be achieved through an
increase in efficiency of ICEVs alone [6]. Knowing this limit, different countries/jurisdictions all
over the world have invested in alternative fuel vehicles. As defined by the US Department of
Energy, an alternative fuel vehicle is "a dedicated, flexible fuel, or dual–fuel vehicle designed to
operate on at least one alternative fuel" [8]. Biodiesel, electricity, ethanol, hydrogen, natural gas, or
propane are considered as alternative fuels in this definition [8]. In this work, we are focusing on
reviewing the incentives for vehicles that operate on hydrogen and electricity as an alternative fuel.
We are not considering biodiesel and ethanol as there is uncertainty about the capability of biofuels
to fuel the transportation sector at large scale [6]. We

Greenhouse Gas Emissions And Climate Change
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Resulting in Climate Change
The Sun is responsible for all of the energy that enters the Earth's atmosphere. The Earth 's energy is
in balance when Earth emits the same amount of energy as it absorbs (Schneider, 1987). But today,
the Earth is absorbing more energy than is what is being released due to increases in greenhouse
gases in the Earth's atmosphere (Herbert, 2007). Out of the total energy entering the Earth's
atmosphere, as seen in Figure 1, only 30% is being reflected back into space due the Earth's albedo
(Schneider, 1987). The other 70% of this energy is being absorbed by the Earth's surface and
atmosphere (Schneider, 1987). Here we are going to discuss how increasing greenhouse gas
concentrations leads to climate change, some consequences that come with climate change and what
can be done about it.
The Earth has been known to go through various natural warming and cooling periods throughout
history. During warmer interglacial periods, CO2 levels are higher and during cooler glacial periods,
CO2 levels are lower (Monnin, 2004). This is because the heating and cooling of Earth's surface can
cause significant changes in greenhouse gas concentrations (Monnin, 2004). These changes often act
as a positive feedback, intensifying the existing temperature changes (Monnin, 2004). For example,
it was slightly warmer during the Holocene Climatic Optimum about 5,000–6,000 years ago and
was slightly cooler during the Little Ice Age from about 1600 AD

Global Warming Is A Serious Issue
ntroduction
Global warming is a serious issue in our world that affects billions of living organisms and has the
potential to eradicate sustainable use of our planet's ecosystems. It therefore poses a grave threat to
not only animals, but also humans who rely on resources extracted from our ecosystems for
existence. The Kyoto Protocol was the first global greenhouse gas reduction treaty signed by
countries across the world. Since every country contributes to the rising number of greenhouse gases
into the air, it was crucial to have as many countries as possible be involved in its output reduction.
Furthermore, the effects of climate change can have significant negative outcomes on living things
as a whole including biodiversity loss, ecosystem degradation and sea level rising (Effects of Global
Warming, Bradford). Since many of these negative environmental outcomes also effect humans
across the world, it had become essential and in the best interest of every country to find a way to
slow the amount of greenhouse gases being released.
The main objective of the Kyoto Protocol was to lower greenhouse gas emissions between 2008–
2012 by a collective target of 5% reduction for industrialized country signatories from their
emission count in 1990 (Robinson, Kyoto and Post–Kyoto). Furthermore, each country had targets
of their own set that they had to reach. For example, Japan signed on for a target decrease of 6%
while Iceland was allowed a maximum of 10% increase (Prins & Rayner,

Emily Koldys . Professor Julia Chan . Chem 126 H . 25 April
Emily Koldys
Professor Julia Chan
Chem 126 H
25 April 2017 Greenhouse Gases and the Effects on Global Warming
In the world today, global warming and climate change are one of the main issues with the earth.
This issue affects everyone and everything in this world, and even though it seems to be a big
problem, most people do not seem to care. The most familiar term is global warming and climate
change, but greenhouse gases is one of the main causes and is never mentioned. Greenhouse gases
are gases that absorb and emit radiation in the atmosphere, hence makes the earth warmer. The
importance of this knowledge of greenhouse gases is so the world will know one of the main causes
of global warming and climate change and possibly some ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Certain bacteria that live in the soil turn this extra nitrogen into nitrous oxide. Burning fossil fuels.
Nitrous oxide usually stays in the atmosphere for about 114 years... and traps about 298 times more
heat than the same amount of carbon dioxide (Greenhouse Gases, 2016)."
Fluorinated gases are made up of four types of gases; hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons
(PFCs), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), and nitrogen trifluoride (NF3). These gases come from,
"Fluorinated gases used as coolants can be released by leaky refrigerators, freezers, and air
conditioners in cars and homes. Some industrial and manufacturing processes, like producing
computer chips (Greenhouse Gases, 2016)." Each gas is different when it comes to how long it stays
in the atmosphere for. Some gases can last for around thousands of years. "Depending on the gas,
these gases can trap anywhere from a few hundred to 23,000 times more heat than the same amount
of carbon dioxide ( 'Greenhouse Gases ', 2016)."
Addressing this issue, there has been a few things done in result of eliminating this problem. One
solution being The Kyoto Protocol, "...was the first agreement between nations to mandate country–
by–country reductions in greenhouse–gas emissions ( 'Extract ', 2011)." During this process,
countries agreed to cut their yearly emissions of greenhouse gases. "Some countries and regions,
including the European Union, were on track by 2011 to meet or

Climate Change And Global Warming
Temperatures are rising, natural disasters are becoming increasingly frequent, and the lives of
millions of people are going in completely different directions. Sounds like some post apocalyptic
wasteland, right? Contrary to many people's beliefs, this is becoming a reality, and it is happening
now. At the moment, greenhouse gases are entering the atmosphere at an alarming rate, and global
warming is more of a problem than most people could ever realize. Climate change, while being a
natural occurrence, is happening at an alarming rate because of the amount of greenhouse gas
emissions everyone emits in their everyday lives without even knowing it. Luckily, if enough people
are aware of the consequences of their actions, the rate of increase in temperature has the potential
to slow dramatically. If, however, people refuse to take steps to decrease global greenhouse gas
emissions, they run the risk of ruining not only their own lives, but the lives of every living thing on
this planet. Of the contributors to the rising temperature of the world, carbon dioxide and methane
emissions are the most common. According to an article in Food Engineering and Ingredients, over
30 billion tons of carbon dioxide entered the atmosphere in 2010, but "urgent action to reduce that
figure is imperative" ("Reducing food manufacturing" 34). Carbon dioxide, along with methane,
make up the most common greenhouse gases, which contribute to the greenhouse effect. Another
article, this one in the

Resource Depletion And Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Lifecycle Analysis
Background
The content of analysis will examine paper. It will look at the harvesting of the materials,
production, distribution, and finally the waste. This lifecycle analysis is to explain a consumer
product's life from production to waste. This is to show the environmental effects that the products
has during its life time. A few of the environmental impacts that will be focused on is resource
depletion and greenhouse gas emissions. These were chosen because of the chain reaction they can
cause. Greenhouse gases are known to be linked to climate change, which is a global problem so the
impacts of these emissions are on a very large scale. Resource depletion is another problem because
more than one species rely on forest. Therefore, the depletion of it is not only bad to humans but the
other organisms that use it for their survival. If this resource was to be completely used up, then it
could lead to a loss of biodiversity which could be bad for the local ecosystem. In addition, since
some ecosystems are linked together the loss of one could have a huge effect on another causing a
domino effect. LCA Inventory Trees are a good source of paper; there are other materials that can
work but for the scope of this paper I'll only focus on trees. As described in figure 1, the first step is
to harvest the trees. To do this, usually heavy machinery or chainsaws are employed to do the
cutting. But this process

Analysis Of Greenhouse Gas Emission
2.4 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Thailand's recorded greenhouse gas emissions from the year 2011 were calculated to be 306 MtCO2
(Global Carbon Atlas, 2017). This amounted to just 0.84% of the global emissions for 2011, which
ranked 23rd among all nations (Thailand, 2015). Broken down Thailand's emissions were as
follows, Energy 222.94 MtCO2, Industrial Processes 18.23 MtCO2, Agriculture 52.92 MtCO2,
Land Use, Land–Use Change, and Forestry (LULUCF) 43.19 MtCO2 and Waste 11.43 MtCO2
(Figure 3).
3 Mitigation Strategies
There are numerous options available for Thailand to consider in an effort to meet its targets for
greenhouse gas emission reductions and climate change mitigation. All sectors have avenues
available to help Thailand play its ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Methane is the primary greenhouse gas produced during rice cultivation. Methane, contributes only
a fraction of total greenhouse gases, but stores far more heat than CO2, as a result it is considered to
be far more damaging over a 100–year period. In agriculture it is produced as a result of fields being
flooded, resulting in the decomposition of organic material, depleting oxygen in the soil and water,
causing anaerobic conditions (Dickie et al. 2014). Water management is one of the most important
factors affecting and causing GHG emissions. In 2010, worldwide methane emissions from rice
cultivation accounted for 11 percent of all greenhouse gas emissions from the agricultural sector and
a third of emissions from crops, making it the crop with the highest GHG footprint (FAOSTAT,
2013).
Numerous strategies exist for reducing the emissions from rice cultivation, the majority involve
management of water and organic inputs (Yagi et al. 1997). Cycling wetting and drying periods
during rice cultivation has been identified as one of the most effective practices for reducing
methane emissions, often referred to as alternate wetting and drying (AWD) (Arunrat &
Pumijumnong, 2017). The process of AWD involves the draining of rice fields between two and
three weeks before the rice

The Weaknesses Of The Greenhouse Gas Theory
The Weaknesses of the Greenhouse Gas Theory
Greenhouses are used to grow crops such as tomatoes and lettuce under controlled conditions.
Greenhouses consist of a framed building with transparent covering. Sunlight penetrates through the
transparent covering to get to the plants inside. The plants and the soil absorb the sunlight and
radiate some of the absorbed energy as heat.
Quite often, greenhouses ventilate either through controlled openings or by fanning air around. The
ventilation is necessary to avoid the build–up of water vapor and to ensure that too much heat
doesn't too negatively affect the plants. The key elements of the greenhouse are the outer shell that
traps the air inside, the trapped air, and controlled ventilation.
A blanket on a bed works rather like the outer shell of the greenhouse. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
There are several weaknesses in the arguments supporting the greenhouse–gas theory. These are
explained in the following sections.
Carbon dioxide is heavier than air. Carbon dioxide, deemed as the key offender in the greenhouse
theory, is heavier than air. This means that its highest concentrations are close to the ground in low–
lying areas. Without the benefit of experiments to the prove the point, it can still be postulated that
the highest concentrations of carbon dioxide are within 1000 meters (3,500 feet) above sea level,
and concentrations will diminish as air climbs higher into the atmosphere. Incidentally, this is not
unusual. Oxygen is known to diminish with elevation as well.
Since carbon dioxide is most prevalent when close to ground level, it is unlikely that it would absorb
significant levels of outgoing, long wavelength radiation (heat) and hold enough of it to influence
global

What Is The Sources Of Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Sources of Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Out of the top ten GHG producing countries
in the world, China, by far, produces the most GHG emissions yearly, with production reaching
approximately 10,684 MMT CO2 Eq. (Figure 3) (World Resources Institute, 2015). Although the
United States produces 5,823 MMT CO2 Eq. per year, it ranks second for total GHG emission
production, followed by the European Union (4,123 MMT CO2 Eq.), India (2,887 MMT CO2 Eq.),
the Russian Federation (2,254 MMT CO2 Eq.), Indonesia (1,981 MMT CO2 Eq.), Brazil (1,823
MMT CO2 Eq.), Japan (1,207 MMT CO2 Eq.), Canada (856 MMT CO2 Eq.), and Mexico (749
MMT CO2 Eq.) (World Resources Institute, 2015). The majority of GHG emissions that were
produced in the United ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
and representing 7.73% of the total GHG emissions (IPCC, 2013; EPA, 2015). Agricultural GHG
emissions sources include agricultural soil management (263.70 MMT CO2 Eq.), enteric
fermentation (164.50 MMT CO2 Eq.), manure management (78.70 MMT CO2 Eq.), rice cultivation
(8.30 MMT CO2 Eq.), and field burning of agricultural residues (0.04 MMT CO2 Eq.), representing
51.14%, 31.90%, 15.26%, 1.61%, and 0.08% of total agricultural GHG emissions, respectively
(Figure 6) (IPCC, 2013; EPA, 2015). The two GHGs emitted from the Agriculture sector in 2013
were N2O and CH4, comprising 54.52% and 45.48% of the total, respectively (Table 1) (IPCC,
2013; EPA, 2015). Nitrous oxide emissions were mainly from agricultural soil management (263.70
MMT CO2 Eq.) with minor emissions from manure management (17.30 MMT CO2 Eq.) and field
burning of agricultural residues (0.10 MMT CO2 Eq.) (IPCC, 2013; EPA, 2015). On the country, the
most prominent CH4 source from agriculture was enteric fermentation (164.50 MMT CO2 Eq.) with
lesser contributions from manure management (61.40 MMT CO2 Eq.), rice cultivation (8.30 MMT
CO2 Eq.), and field burning of agricultural residues (0.30 MMT CO2 Eq.) (IPCC, 2013; EPA,
2015). Methane production from enteric fermentation made up 25.85% of CH4 emissions and was
the single largest contributor to total CH4 production in the United States in 2013 (IPCC, 2013;
EPA, 2015). Ruminant animals,

The Causes Of Global Warming Essay
Global warming has been for decades the center of discussion between intergovernmental agencies
and world leaders, each forum aiming to discuss the causes of the global warming. Scientists have
been in the front lie to figure out the causes of the global warming. The hurdles and the efforts to
discern the causes of the global warming are to learn ways to counter the causes so as to prevent the
earth from vanquishing in the detrimental effects of the global warming. Additionally, the effort to
learn about the causes of global warming is to allow the earth to know the effects and consequences
of the global warming with the aim of presenting solutions to the problem. Moreover, learning of the
causes provides the human race and environmentalists will spread the awareness to more people
helping them to reduce their activities that contribute to global warming. With the inquiry, there is
the concern that human beings and their activities are indeed the leading contributors to the causes
of the global warming. The consequences of global warming have been hugely manifested in the
21st century, with world leading powers emphasizing the importance of controlling the causes of
global warming (Global Conference on Global Warming, 2013). Global warming arises from
various sources, with greenhouse gas emissions being the leading contributor of the case. Human
beings and their activities are crucially pivotal in contributing to global warming. The following
paper aims to investigate the

Greenhouse Gas Pollution
In the United States, the two largest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions are transportation and
electricity. Although limiting the emissions from electricity will be important in the future,
transportation would be much easier to fix now. Greenhouse gases such as methane, carbon dioxide,
water vapor and nitrous oxide not only pollute the air we breathe, but they also store energy that
could be causing climate change. These molecules trap heat from leaving our atmosphere which is
believed to cause the earths increase in heat. Most Americans see climate change to be an issue that
should be acted on, and since greenhouse gases could be causing climate change the emissions of
these gases need to be limited. Recent studies show that transportation produces nearly 27% of
greenhouse gases in the United States (Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions, 2017). In addition,
the leading producer within the transportation category is light duty vehicles. Many people say that
airplanes and ships are to blame for the majority of greenhouse gas production in transportation, but
the majority of the pollution actually comes from the cars Americans drive every day (Fast Facts on
Transportation Greenhouse Gas Emissions, 2015). The United States government needs to take
charge and make changes that will help limit the production of greenhouse gases. To fix these issues,
the government could limit the cars that citizens are allowed to own or change existing tax laws to
benefit drivers of fuel

The Carbon Of The Greenhouse Gas Problem Essay
All the carbon released into our atmosphere contributes to the rise of greenhouse gases. The carbon
from costal ecosystems is referred to as Blue Carbon. Most of the carbon on Earth is cycled through
the ocean and coastal areas. These wet environments help to contain carbon and slow the increase of
green house gasses in our atmosphere.
Coastal ecosystems like mangroves, tidal marshes, and seagrass meadows slow down the
greenhouse gases from increasing by absorbing and containing them. These area's are more efficient
than any other ecosystem at containing carbon. Other's like tropical forests, boreal forests, and
temperate forests all fall behind by a huge amount. The carbon is stored in the soil of the area and
remain there for long periods of time. Graphs on the differences in speed and containment ability
will be shown below and can be found at the carboninitiative.com website
Without these natural carbon containers the efforts to lower carbon emissions would become
drastically more difficult. The ecosystems have been brought up before in discussions on how to
deal with our greenhouse gas problem. One of the most sensible ideas is to protect them the best we
can. These important natural carbon containers have been greatly affected by human activity in a
destructive manner. They should be protected by law against humans and restored. It is estimated
that up to 67% of mangroves, at least 35% of tidal marshes, and 29% of seagrass meadows have
been lost on a global scale.

Climate Change And Current Geological Period
Introduction Climate change Climate is the term used to describe the average atmospheric
conditions such as temperature, rainfall, ice cover, wind speed and wind direction of a region over a
long time period exceeding 10 years. Therefore climate change is used to describe the fluctuation of
average atmospheric conditions. The earth has always gone through periods of climate change and
the current geological period is referred to as the Holocene. The Holocene period accounts for the
last 11 700 years and is believed to be an interglacial epoch, which is a period of warming in an
overall era of cooling. Within the last 11 700 years the earths atmosphere has continued with this
overall warming trend with an increase in the speed of warming within the last 40 years. This is
shown in figure one below, this graph shows the global land temperature anomalies from the years
1880 to 2014. From observing this image you can clearly see a dramatic increase in temperature
since mid 1970s, in the last 40 years there has been more temperature variation than the previous 94
years. Figure 1 – Global Land Temperature Anomalies, January – December (2014) National
Climate Data Centre http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cag/time–series/global Climate forcing factors Both
natural and man–made factors can have an influence on the globes climate causing it to change.
Natural causes include tectonic processes, orbital processes, albedo and strength of sun. These
factors have been the contributors to

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