The document summarizes key aspects of the human brain. It discusses the basic structure and functions of the brain, including its size relative to body size, weight, and composition. It describes the major parts of the brain - the cerebrum, right and left hemispheres, and three principal sections: hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain. It also discusses different types of thinking, including abstract, analytical, creative, concrete, critical, convergent, and divergent thinking.

1. Prepared by:
Orlando A. Pistan, MAEd
Psychology Instructor

2. The human brain is the
command center for the
human nervous system. It
receives signals from the
body's sensory organs and
outputs information to the
muscles. The human brain
has the same basic
structure as other mammal
brains but is larger in
relation to body size than
any other brains.

3. • The human brain is the largest
brain of all vertebrates
relative to body size.
• It weighs about 3.3 lbs. (1.5
kilograms).
• The average male has a brain
volume of 1,274 cubic
centimeters.
• The average female brain has
a volume of 1,131 cm3.
• The brain makes up about 2
percent of a human's body
weight.

4. • The cerebrum makes up 85
percent of the brain's
weight.
• It contains about 86 billion
nerve cells (neurons) — the
"gray matter."
• It contains billions of nerve
fibers (axons and dendrites)
— the "white matter."
• These neurons are
connected by trillions of
connections, or synapses.

5. • 2 largest parts:
• Right and Left
hemispheres

6. • The left side of the brain is
responsible for controlling the
right side of the body. It also
performs tasks that have to do
with logic, such as in science
and mathematics. On the
other hand.
• Right hemisphere coordinates
the left side of the body, and
performs tasks that have do
with creativity and the arts.

7. • 3 Principal sections:
• Hindbrain
• Midbrain and
• Forebrain

8. The forebrain
(proencephalon) is the largest
part of the brain, most of
which is cerebrum.
The thalamus functions to
relay sensory information to
the cerebral cortex and the
hypothalamus, regulating
visceral functions including
temperature,
reproductive functions, eating,
sleeping and the display of
emotion.

9. The midbrain or mesencep
halon (from the Greek
mesos, middle, and
enkephalos, brain) is a
portion of the central
nervous system associated
with vision, hearing, motor
control, sleep/wake,
arousal (alertness), and
temperature regulation.

10. The hindbrain (rhombence
phalon) is composed of the
medulla, the pons, and the
cerebellum. The medulla
lies next to the spinal cord
and
controls functions outside
conscious control, such as
breathing and blood flow.
In other words, the medulla
controls essential functions

11. • Refers to the
specific areas of the
brain that control
specific skills and
behaviours

12. The process of using one’s mind to consider or
reason about something; using though or rational
judgment.
Think implies the entrance of an idea into one's
mind with or without deliberate consideration or
reflection.

13. Abstract
Analytical
Creative
Concrete thinking
Critical thinking
Convergent thinking
Divergent thinking

14. Abstract thinkers are able to relate seemingly random
things with each other. This is because they can see the
bigger picture. They make the connections that others find
difficult to see.
They have the ability to look beyond what is obvious and
search for hidden meanings. They can read between the
lines and enjoy solving cryptic puzzles. They don’t like
routine and get bored easily.

15. Analytical thinkers like to separate a whole into its basic
parts in order to examine these parts and their
relationships. They are great problem-solvers and have a
structured and methodical way of approaching tasks.
This type of thinker will seek answers and use logic rather
than emotional thinking in life. However, they have a
tendency to overthink things and can ruminate on the
same subject for months.

16. Creative thinkers think outside the box and will come up
with ingenious solutions to solve their dilemmas in life.
They like to break away from the traditions and norms of
society when it comes to new ideas and ways of thinking.
They can sometimes be ridiculed as society prefers to
keep the status quo. Creative thinkers can also court
jealously if they manage to follow their dreams and work
in a creative field.

17. Concrete thinking focuses on the physical world, rather
than the abstract one. It is all about thinking of objects or
ideas as specific items, rather than as a theoretical
representation of a more general idea.
Concrete thinkers like hard facts, figures and statistics. For
example, you will not get any philosophers who think in
concrete terms. Children think in concrete terms as it is a
very basic and literal form of understanding.

18. Critical thinking takes analytical thinking up a level. Critical
thinkers exercise careful evaluation or judgment in order
to determine the authenticity, accuracy, worth, validity, or
value of something.
And rather than strictly breaking down the information,
critical thinking explores other elements that could have
an influence on conclusions.

19. Convergent thinking is a process of combining a finite
number of perspectives or ideas to find a single solution.
Convergent thinkers will target these possibilities, or
converge them inwards, to come up with a solution.
One example is a multiple choice question in an exam. You
have four possible answers but only one is right. In order
to solve the problem, you would use convergent thinking

20. By contrast, divergent thinking is the opposite of
convergent thinking. It is a way of exploring an infinite
number of solutions to find one that is effective.
So, instead of starting off with a set number of possibilities
and converging on an answer, it goes as far and wide as
necessary and moves outwards in search of the solution

21. Thank you for paying
attention.