The document summarizes key findings from a report on occupational fraud. It finds that while asset misappropriation is most common, fraudulent financial statements cause the highest losses. Small businesses are most vulnerable due to lack of audits and controls. Establishing anonymous hotlines is the most effective way to reduce fraud losses, more so than audits. Fraud by executives results in highest losses and is best detected through tips rather than controls.
Given that most companies are struggling to achieve healthy growth in the current climate, fraudulent activity cannot be tolerated, however minor some of the individual ‘crimes’ being committed appear to be.
While the typical employee misdemeanour may not be on the same scale as those that transpired from the recent MPs’ expenses scandal, the amounts involved soon add up and can present a risk to company profits.
Alarmingly, KPMG uncovered a dramatic increase in the number of cases involving the exploitation of weak internal controls – up to 74% in 2011 from 49% in 2007. This suggests that many organisations are not adequately protecting themselves from losses incurred through employee crime.
It is also likely that the problems are more widespread and costly than these surveys suggest, since many cases of fraud go unreported either because companies are failing to monitor and measure instances of internal crimes, particularly below a certain threshold, or because they prefer to handle any cases that do emerge internally to minimise any negative PR.
If you would like more information on improving internal controls and what a robust, secure finance system should look like please contact us on 01582 714 810.
Lecture 15 fraud schemes - james a. hall book chapter 3Habib Ullah Qamar
Fraud Schemes explains How one can conduct frauds, three ways are Statement, Corruption and Asset Misappropriation.How Computer Frauds can be conducted in data collection, processing and information generation.
company names mentioned herein are for identification and educational purposes only and are the property of, and may be trademarks of, their respective owners.
If you would like to have a training session at your business to educate your employees how to identify & prevent occupational fraud please contact me at ann@yeagerboyd.com
Given that most companies are struggling to achieve healthy growth in the current climate, fraudulent activity cannot be tolerated, however minor some of the individual ‘crimes’ being committed appear to be.
While the typical employee misdemeanour may not be on the same scale as those that transpired from the recent MPs’ expenses scandal, the amounts involved soon add up and can present a risk to company profits.
Alarmingly, KPMG uncovered a dramatic increase in the number of cases involving the exploitation of weak internal controls – up to 74% in 2011 from 49% in 2007. This suggests that many organisations are not adequately protecting themselves from losses incurred through employee crime.
It is also likely that the problems are more widespread and costly than these surveys suggest, since many cases of fraud go unreported either because companies are failing to monitor and measure instances of internal crimes, particularly below a certain threshold, or because they prefer to handle any cases that do emerge internally to minimise any negative PR.
If you would like more information on improving internal controls and what a robust, secure finance system should look like please contact us on 01582 714 810.
Lecture 15 fraud schemes - james a. hall book chapter 3Habib Ullah Qamar
Fraud Schemes explains How one can conduct frauds, three ways are Statement, Corruption and Asset Misappropriation.How Computer Frauds can be conducted in data collection, processing and information generation.
company names mentioned herein are for identification and educational purposes only and are the property of, and may be trademarks of, their respective owners.
If you would like to have a training session at your business to educate your employees how to identify & prevent occupational fraud please contact me at ann@yeagerboyd.com
This presentation is an overview of Fraud Risk Management in Indian companies and the role of the Board of Directors in the context of the newly enacted Companies Act, 2013.
Protecting Your Organization Against Check and ACH FraudFraudBusters
Webinar series from FraudResourceNet LLC on Preventing and Detecting Fraud in a High Crime Climate. Recordings of these Webinars are available for purchase from our Website
This Webinar focused on the subject in the title
FraudResourceNet (FRN) is the only searchable portal of practical, expert fraud prevention, detection and audit information on the Web.
FRN combines the high quality, authoritative anti-fraud and audit content from the leading providers, AuditNet ® LLC and White-Collar Crime 101 LLC/FraudAware.
The two entities designed FRN as the “go-to”, easy-to-use source of “how-to” fraud prevention, detection, audit and investigation templates, guidelines, policies, training programs (recorded no CPE and live with CPE) and articles from leading subject matter experts.
FRN is a continuously expanding and improving resource, offering auditors, fraud examiners, controllers, investigators and accountants a content-rich source of cutting-edge anti-fraud tools and techniques they will want to refer to again and again.
Types of Fraud While there are many types of fraud, the most com.docxmarilucorr
Types of Fraud
While there are many types of fraud, the most common fraud schemes that organizations must prevent include employee embezzlement, vendor fraud, customer fraud and financial statement fraud. Of these four types, employee embezzlement is the most common type of fraud. Employee embezzlement is the process where employees intentionally deceive their employers and take company assets. Examples of employee embezzlement include company workers who intentionally take cash, inventory, tools or other supplies from the organization.Vendor fraud , on the other hand, is the process by which vendors, or suppliers, take advantage of the firm. Vendor fraud often results in an overcharge for purchased goods, the shipment of inferior goods or the nonshipment of goods even though payment has been made. The United States government has often been in the news because major government vendors such as defense and other government contractors have significantly overcharged for goods and services. For example, United States suppliers have been accused of charging more than $20 for a single nail. Often vendor fraud is perpetrated through collusion between buyers and vendors. Once these vendors have overcharged for goods, they will often kickback , or return, a portion of the fraudulent funds to a purchasing agent who represents the organization.
When customer fraud takes place, customers either do not pay for goods purchased or get something for nothing. For example, in one case, a bank customer walked into a branch of a large bank and convinced the branch manager to give her a $525,000 cashier's check, even though she had only $13,000 in her bank account. The manager believed she was a very wealthy customer and didn't want to lose her business. Unfortunately for the bank, she proceeded to defraud the bank of over $500,000. Financial Statement Fraud , also often referred to as management fraud , involves situations where company management intentionally makes the company appear more profitable than it actually is. For example, over the last two decades, management teams at Enron, WorldCom, Parmalat, Adelphia, Waste Management and a number of other companies have intentionally manipulated the financial statements to deceive the public into believing that their respective organizations were more successful than they actually were. These executives engaged in financial statement fraud to increase the company's stock price, which increased their own net worth (as a result of stock options that each executive possessed). In each of these situations, executives were manipulating the financial statements on behalf of the organization instead of directly stealing from the organization.
Fraud Perpetrators
Those customers, employees and vendors who engage in fraud are often referred to as fraud perpetrators. Unfortunately, research suggests that anyone can commit fraud and become a fraud perpetrator. In fact, most fraud perpetrators are good people who, becaus ...
“Nearly half of all victim organizations do not recover any losses that they suffer due to fraud” according to the 2012 Report to the Nations presented by the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners. Although, there are no statistics that report the total number of entities and the amount defrauded, regardless of size, any organization can become a victim of fraud. Kyle Anne Midkiff’s white paper, Act Now Before it’s Too Late, provides five important steps to help organizations of any size prevent fraud.
Learn what can you do to stay a step ahead of fraudsters without limiting revenue growth. Prevent Financial Fraud in your organization with the help of HLB
The following pairs of co-morbid disorders and a write 700 words .docxssuser454af01
The following pairs of co-morbid disorders and a write 700 words
based on your research:
Depression and substance abuse
Address
the following:
Discuss the general concept of co-morbidity.
Format
your paper consistent with APA guidelines.
.
The following is an access verification technique, listing several f.docxssuser454af01
The following is an access verification technique, listing several files and the access allowed for a single use.
Identify the control technique used here and for each,
explain the type of access allowed
.
a. File_1 R-E-
b. File_12 RWE
c. File_13 RW--
d. File_14 --E-
2.
. The following is an access verification technique, listing several users and the access allowed for File_13.
Identify the control technique used here and for each and
explain the type of access allowed.
Finally, describe who is included in the WORLD category.
a. User_10 --E-
b. User_14 RWED
c. User_17 RWE-
d. WORLD R---
.
More Related Content
Similar to The following article is related to deterring employee fraud within .docx
This presentation is an overview of Fraud Risk Management in Indian companies and the role of the Board of Directors in the context of the newly enacted Companies Act, 2013.
Protecting Your Organization Against Check and ACH FraudFraudBusters
Webinar series from FraudResourceNet LLC on Preventing and Detecting Fraud in a High Crime Climate. Recordings of these Webinars are available for purchase from our Website
This Webinar focused on the subject in the title
FraudResourceNet (FRN) is the only searchable portal of practical, expert fraud prevention, detection and audit information on the Web.
FRN combines the high quality, authoritative anti-fraud and audit content from the leading providers, AuditNet ® LLC and White-Collar Crime 101 LLC/FraudAware.
The two entities designed FRN as the “go-to”, easy-to-use source of “how-to” fraud prevention, detection, audit and investigation templates, guidelines, policies, training programs (recorded no CPE and live with CPE) and articles from leading subject matter experts.
FRN is a continuously expanding and improving resource, offering auditors, fraud examiners, controllers, investigators and accountants a content-rich source of cutting-edge anti-fraud tools and techniques they will want to refer to again and again.
Types of Fraud While there are many types of fraud, the most com.docxmarilucorr
Types of Fraud
While there are many types of fraud, the most common fraud schemes that organizations must prevent include employee embezzlement, vendor fraud, customer fraud and financial statement fraud. Of these four types, employee embezzlement is the most common type of fraud. Employee embezzlement is the process where employees intentionally deceive their employers and take company assets. Examples of employee embezzlement include company workers who intentionally take cash, inventory, tools or other supplies from the organization.Vendor fraud , on the other hand, is the process by which vendors, or suppliers, take advantage of the firm. Vendor fraud often results in an overcharge for purchased goods, the shipment of inferior goods or the nonshipment of goods even though payment has been made. The United States government has often been in the news because major government vendors such as defense and other government contractors have significantly overcharged for goods and services. For example, United States suppliers have been accused of charging more than $20 for a single nail. Often vendor fraud is perpetrated through collusion between buyers and vendors. Once these vendors have overcharged for goods, they will often kickback , or return, a portion of the fraudulent funds to a purchasing agent who represents the organization.
When customer fraud takes place, customers either do not pay for goods purchased or get something for nothing. For example, in one case, a bank customer walked into a branch of a large bank and convinced the branch manager to give her a $525,000 cashier's check, even though she had only $13,000 in her bank account. The manager believed she was a very wealthy customer and didn't want to lose her business. Unfortunately for the bank, she proceeded to defraud the bank of over $500,000. Financial Statement Fraud , also often referred to as management fraud , involves situations where company management intentionally makes the company appear more profitable than it actually is. For example, over the last two decades, management teams at Enron, WorldCom, Parmalat, Adelphia, Waste Management and a number of other companies have intentionally manipulated the financial statements to deceive the public into believing that their respective organizations were more successful than they actually were. These executives engaged in financial statement fraud to increase the company's stock price, which increased their own net worth (as a result of stock options that each executive possessed). In each of these situations, executives were manipulating the financial statements on behalf of the organization instead of directly stealing from the organization.
Fraud Perpetrators
Those customers, employees and vendors who engage in fraud are often referred to as fraud perpetrators. Unfortunately, research suggests that anyone can commit fraud and become a fraud perpetrator. In fact, most fraud perpetrators are good people who, becaus ...
“Nearly half of all victim organizations do not recover any losses that they suffer due to fraud” according to the 2012 Report to the Nations presented by the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners. Although, there are no statistics that report the total number of entities and the amount defrauded, regardless of size, any organization can become a victim of fraud. Kyle Anne Midkiff’s white paper, Act Now Before it’s Too Late, provides five important steps to help organizations of any size prevent fraud.
Learn what can you do to stay a step ahead of fraudsters without limiting revenue growth. Prevent Financial Fraud in your organization with the help of HLB
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The following pairs of co-morbid disorders and a write 700 words .docxssuser454af01
The following pairs of co-morbid disorders and a write 700 words
based on your research:
Depression and substance abuse
Address
the following:
Discuss the general concept of co-morbidity.
Format
your paper consistent with APA guidelines.
.
The following is an access verification technique, listing several f.docxssuser454af01
The following is an access verification technique, listing several files and the access allowed for a single use.
Identify the control technique used here and for each,
explain the type of access allowed
.
a. File_1 R-E-
b. File_12 RWE
c. File_13 RW--
d. File_14 --E-
2.
. The following is an access verification technique, listing several users and the access allowed for File_13.
Identify the control technique used here and for each and
explain the type of access allowed.
Finally, describe who is included in the WORLD category.
a. User_10 --E-
b. User_14 RWED
c. User_17 RWE-
d. WORLD R---
.
The following discussion board post has to have a response. Please r.docxssuser454af01
The following discussion board post has to have a response. Please read the post and respond back according to the instructions attached below. Make sure to respond as instructed. Check attachment for response instruction and respond accordingly.
The instructions for the response to post is attached and highlighted.
The due date is Tuesday 5/10/2021 by 11:59 a.m. NO LATE WORK WILL BE ACCEPTED!
.
The following information has been taken from the ledger accounts of.docxssuser454af01
The following information has been taken from the ledger accounts of Isaac Stern Corporation
Total Income since incorporation$317,000
Total Cash Dividends pai d60,000
Total value of stock dividends distributed30,000
Gains on treasury stock transactions18,000
Unamortized discount of bonds payable32,000
Directions: Determine the current balance of retained earnings
.
The following attach files are my History Homewrok and Lecture Power.docxssuser454af01
The following attach files are my History Homewrok and Lecture Power Point. Please answer those questions by your own words and read the instructions carefully beofer you start writing.
Course Information:
In this course we will survey the history of technological developments from the Renaissance to the current day. We will focus on a series of technological objects—machines, tools, and systems—considering them in their broader historical (social, cultural, and political) contexts. Organized chronologically we will trace this history beginning with Leonardo Da Vinci and ending with the International Space Station. This is not, however, a teleological assessment, which assumes a progressive improvement of technology—each age has merits in its own rights.
.
The following is adapted from the work of Paul Martin Lester.In .docxssuser454af01
The following is adapted from the work of Paul Martin Lester.
In order to find meaning from a visual message, you need to learn a systematic way for studying images.
1.
Make an inventory list of every element in the image,
2.
Note the lighting used in the image,
3.
Note any eye contact by subjects in the image,
4.
Note the visual cues of color, form, depth, and movement,
5.
Note how the gestalt laws apply toward the composition of picture,
6.
Note any semiotic signs that are a part of the image's content, and
When you've gone through the six steps noted above, it's time to apply the six perspectives for visual analysis to the piece. Each perspective is noted below.
Personal Perspective - Gut Reaction
Rick Williams' Omniphasism (all in balance) or Personal Impact Analysis
1.
What is the picture's story?
2.
List primary words.
3.
List associative words.
4.
Select most significant associative words.
5.
Pair up primary & most significant associative words.
6.
Relate word pairs with your own feelings.
7.
Relate any inner symbolism.
8.
Write a brief story concerning personal insights.
Historical Perspective - The image's place in history
When do you think the image was made?
Is there a specific style that the image imitates?
Technical Perspective - Consider the process decisions
How was the image produced?
What techniques were employed?
Is the image of good quality?
Ethical Perspective - Moral Responsibility
Was the image maker socially responsible?
Has any person's rights been violated?
Are the needs of viewers met?
Is the picture aesthetically appealing?
Do the picture choices reflect moderation?
Is the image maker empathetic with the subject?
Can all the image choices be justified?
Does the visual message cause unjustified harm?
Cultural Perspective - Societal Impact
What is the story and the symbolism involved with the elements in the visual message?
What do they say about current cultural values?
Critical Perspective - Reasoned Opinion
What do I think of this image now that I've spent so much time looking and studying it?
Project Overview:
This week, you were introduced to six analytical perspectives for analyzing media. These perspectives form the foundation for your Media Analysis Project (MAP). Over the next three weeks, you will analyze a visual work from any media (print, film, television, Internet), of your own choosing.
Due Date:
June 5
Time Line:
·
Topic Assignment (Listed under Paper Topic)
·
June 5 Thesis and Outline (Listed in appropriate headings below)
·
June 5 Final Paper
NOTE: Thesis and Outline, and Final Paper are two separate documents.
Requirements:
Your analysis must encompass all six perspectives. This will be a detailed analysis consisting of 6-8 written pages. You must also use four credible academic sources in addition to the media itself. All sources must be cited in-text as well as on a reference page using standard APA format. Information on using .
The Five stages of ChangeBy Thursday, June 25, 2015, respond to .docxssuser454af01
The Five stages of Change
By Thursday, June 25, 2015, respond to the discussion.
Discussion Question
Anthony is a 27 year old heterosexual Caucasian male. He was arrested 2 weeks ago for his second DWI and is facing a license suspension. He works as a delivery driver for a local store and after disclosing the arrest to his employer, as well as the consequences including loss of his license, he was terminated.
Anthony lives with his girlfriend of 3 years and their 2 year old son. Anthony’s drinking behavior has increased to consumption of a case of beer on Saturday and Sunday evenings each week. He consumes several beers after work during the week “to maintain.” He has also been using methamphetamines, specifically “crystal meth” several times weekly. Anthony’s girlfriend ended their relationship as a result of his increasing substance use and ongoing difficulties. Anthony feels depressed and anxious about his current life situation, especially now that he realizes that he has no job and may be homeless because of his substance use. He is also feeling down about the loss of his relationship. He researched a few outpatient treatment programs to help him stop using both alcohol and methamphetamines, but is ambivalent about entering treatment. Anthony has considered the need to stop using substances to improve his life and relationships with significant others, though fears that he will lose his friends and miss partying with them if he stops. He also fears what life will be like without the comfort of getting high.
Consider and discuss the 5 stages of change. Based upon the information provided discuss what stage Anthony is in, and provide a rationale for your decision. Next, discuss the other stages of change and what indicators we might see as Anthony progresses on through these stages. Your posting must be a minimum of 500 words.
.
The first step in understanding the behaviors that are associated wi.docxssuser454af01
The first step in understanding the behaviors that are associated with mental disorders is to be able to differentiate the potential symptoms of a mental disorder from the everyday fluctuations or behaviors that we observe. Read the following brief case histories.
Case Study 1:
Bob is a very intelligent, 25-year-old member of a religious organization based on Buddhism. Bob’s working for this organization has caused considerable conflict between him and his parents, who are devout Baptists. Recently, Bob has experienced acute spells of nausea and fatigue that have prevented him from working and have forced him to return home to live with his parents. Various medical tests are being conducted, but as yet, no physical causes for his problems have been found.
Case Study 2:
Mary is a 30-year-old musician who is very dedicated and successful in her work as a teacher in a local high school and as a part-time member of local musical groups. Since her marriage five years ago, which ended in divorce after six months, she has dated very few men. She often worries about her time running out for establishing a good relationship with a man, getting married, and raising a family. Her friends tell her she gets way too anxious around men, and, in general, she needs to relax a little.
Case Study 3:
Jim was vice-president of the freshmen class at a local college and played on the school’s football team. Later that year, he dropped out of these activities and gradually became more and more withdrawn from friends and family. Neglecting to shave and shower, he began to look dirty and unhealthy. He spent most of his time alone in his room and sometimes complained to his parents that he heard voices in the curtains and in the closet. In his sophomore year, he dropped out of school entirely. With increasing anxiety and agitation, he began to worry that the Nazis were plotting to kill his family and kidnap him.
Case Study 4:
Larry, a 37-year-old gay man, has lived for three years with his partner, whom he met in graduate school. Larry works as a psychologist in a large hospital. Although competent in his work, he often feels strained by the pressures of his demanding position. An added source of tension on the job is his not being out with his co-workers, and, thus, he is not able to confide in anyone or talk about his private life. Most of his leisure activities are with good friends who are also part of the local gay community.
For each case, identify the individual's behaviors that seem to be problematic for the patient.
For each case study, explain from the biological, psychological, or socio-cultural perspective your decision-making process for identifying the behaviors that may or may not have been associated with the symptoms of a mental disorder.
Based on your course and text readings, provide an explanation why you would consider some of these cases to exhibit behaviors that may be associated with problems that occur in everyday life, while others could be as.
The first one is due Sep 24 at 1100AMthe French-born Mexican jo.docxssuser454af01
The first one is due Sep 24 at 11:00AM
the French-born Mexican journalist and author, Elena Poniatowska, will give a
public lecture
on the topic "
We Can All Be Writers" at
ASU
.
To receive the extra credit, you need to
attend the entire event and submits a short rhetorical analysis
(250 words):
identify one thing the speaker did well, and one thing she did not do well, in anticipating and reaching her target audience
https://ihr.asu.edu/news-events/events/we-can-all-be-writers-lecture-elena-poniatowska
___________________________________________________________________________
The second one is due Sept 25 at 11:00AM
the fiction writer and poet, Matt Bell, will
read from and discuss his work
at ASU
.
Anybody who
attends the entire event and submits a short report
(250 words)
and a personal reflection
(what did you learn? what was surprising? was there something you could relate to your
personal experience or writing?
- 500 words)
http://english.clas.asu.edu/mfareadingseries
.
The first part is a direct quote, copied word for word. Includ.docxssuser454af01
The
first part
is a
direct quote, copied word for word. Include the author's last name and the page number of the quote in parantheses. MLA format.
The
second part
of the journal entry, is
one paragraph that explains why you found the passage to be important
.
.
The final research paper should be no less than 15 pages and in APA .docxssuser454af01
The final research paper should be no less than 15 pages and in APA format. The 15 pages does not include the references/bibliography pages. You should also include visuals such as charts, pictures, or other media visuals to support and compliment your study. All papers will be submitted through eCourse and a link will be provided for submission
.
The first one Description Pick a physical activity. Somethi.docxssuser454af01
The first one
Description: Pick a
physical activity
. Something you do all the time, or something you’ve never done before: bike riding, running, swimming, hiking, golf, playing twister, roller skating, soccer, basketball, etc. Now go and spend at least twenty minutes participating in this activity. Really do it. Engage. Explore and experience it. Pay attention to every part of your body and mind as you play/do the activity. Even if you’ve done it all your life, engage with every nuance of the activity. What do your muscles do and feel like when doing the activity? What is challenging? What is smooth and easy? What sounds to you experience? smells? Tastes? Sights? Sensations? What about your mind? Where do your thoughts go as you perform the activity? Really pay attention and discover the experience of the activity. Perform it for at least twenty minutes, mindfully paying attention to every part of the experience. Experience and notice the details. Now go home. And write about what you experienced. Detail it. Tell me about what was hard, easy, unusual, fun, new? What did you feel, taste, smell, hear, see? Take me through it beat by beat, moment by moment, nuance by nuance.
The second one
Description: Go to a busy café or diner, or some other eatery, where you can sit near TWO other people, engaged in a conversation, a dynamic interesting conversation with tenstion… where something is happening between the two people… EAVES DROP on conversations – without being obvious. Find one that has something interesting going on. Anticipate spending at least 20-30 minutes listening in to this conversation.
From this conversation, listen carefully, pay attention to what is being said, what conflict is arising, what is expressed and revealed through the language. NOW, also pay attention to the people involved. What do they look like? What is their body language? Pay attention to all the details. Do not write anything at the busy café or diner. Just listen to what is said. Watch. Pay attention to all the details.
At a later time (when you get back home)
write a letter as if you are one of the people you observed in the café. Write the letter addressing the person that they were at the café with. This can be a love letter, a complaint, an email, an apology, an explanation, etc… For this exercise to work, you must have 1) chosen a conversation to listen to where something was HAPPENING and 2) you must really have spent the time, listening in on a conversation and paying attention to the dramatic tension… something between the two people must have been witnessed, heard, experienced, by YOU the writer. If not this letter will be flat, uninteresting, and lacking conflict. Write about something you heard or observed happening between the two people, but write about it as if you are one of the people in the conversation to the other. Write about some inherent need, conflict, obstacles. The letter can be a complaint, an apology, a .
The first column suggests traditional familyschool relationships an.docxssuser454af01
The first column suggests traditional family/school relationships and the second identifies a more collaborative approach. Provide an example of a situation (attendance, behavior problems, academic difficulties) that could arise at school and suggest how this issue may be resolved with a collaborative approach. Respond to at least two of your classmates’ postings.
.
The first president that I actually remembered was Jimmy Carter. .docxssuser454af01
The first president that I actually remembered was Jimmy Carter. I do remember as a child Ford being mentioned, but I was certainly not engaged in his presidency. However, I remember Reagan quite well. He came to office after a major financial down turn and his policies did seem to improve things immediately. Some have said that his actions of borrowing money were a hindrance to the future. Do you feel that Reganomics was beneficial to future generations or did he just borrow from the future in order to benefit his present circumstance? Did this set precedence for future presidents to take the nation into debt in order to help their political careers? I look forward to your thoughts?
.
The final project for this course is the creation of a conceptual mo.docxssuser454af01
The final project for this course is the creation of a conceptual model for an integrated afterschool childhood prevention, education, or intervention program (Boys and Girls Club, for example). The program serves a wide range of age groups (ages 4 through 17) and demographic backgrounds. Students should design a program that can appropriately address the needs of the various learners. This final project should include a program foundation, program description, research proposal, and self-reflection.
The final product represents an authentic demonstration of competency because it requires students to apply classic theory in order to compose an original program based on advanced developmental principles. The project is divided into
four milestones
, which will be submitted at various points throughout the course to scaffold learning and ensure quality final submissions. These milestones will be submitted in
Modules Three, Five, Seven, and Ten.
Main Elements
1.
Program Foundation:
a narrative/essay format that will describe the main concept of the program (prevention, education, intervention) and if the program will focus on a specific topic (math, English, drugs, bullying, coping skills for stress or anxiety, peer pressure, or your choice). This foundational narrative will provide citations that link the program concept to at least two of the classical theories presented in this course (Montessori, Piaget, Vygotsky, Bandura, Bronfenbrenner). (approximately 3–4 pages)
·
What type of program will be the focus of this project? Will it be a prevention program to stop kids from using alcohol and drugs? To try and prevent bullying? Will the program be an educational model, for example, a program focused on improving educational outcomes like math, critical thinking, problem solving, science, language skills, or other? Will the program be an intervention model or a program that targets kids for problematic behaviors like truancy, acting out in class, running away, vandalism, minor theft, or underage possession of alcohol or substances?
·
Consider the critical tasks of development as laid out by the chosen theory that may help organize the approaches utilized for each age group.
2.
Program Description
: This section will provide specific descriptions of the elements (tasks, materials, activities) for the each developmental level spanning the age ranges from 4 through 17. These levels should be consistent with at least one of the two classical theories proposed in your program foundation narrative. (approximately 3–4 pages)
·
In what setting will this program be offered, for example, school setting, community center, treatment center, or a faith-based organization?
·
How will your topic differ across each developmental level?
·
How will you describe the activities, materials, and tasks that will take place in the program for each age range?
·
Are the age ranges consistent with at least one of the classic theories employed to guide this.
The finance department of a large corporation has evaluated a possib.docxssuser454af01
The finance department of a large corporation has evaluated a possible capital project using the NPV method, the Payback Method, and the IRR method. The analysts are puzzled, since the NPV indicated rejection, but the IRR and Payback methods both indicated acceptance. Explain why this conflicting situation might occur and what conclusions the analyst should accept, indicating the shortcomings and the advantages of each method. Assuming the data is correct, which method will most likely provide the most accurate decisions and why?
.
The Final Paper must have depth of scholarship, originality, theoret.docxssuser454af01
The Final Paper must have depth of scholarship, originality, theoretical and conceptual framework, clarity and logic in its presentation and adhere to grammar guidelines. You will select a topic for your Final Paper related to the Future of Managed Health Care Delivery Systems, which will be submitted to your instructor for approval during Week Two. The 10-15 page paper (excluding title and reference pages) must follow APA guidelines for written assignments and contain eight to ten scholarly and/ or peer-reviewed sources, excluding the course textbook.
Your paper must address the following bolded topics, which should be titled appropriately in your paper:
Include an
Abstract
which is a synopsis of the overall paper.
Managed Health Care Quality
should address such factors as whether or not patient health care needs and even preferences are being met; the care is right for the illness, care is timely, and unnecessary test and procedures are not ordered.
Provider Contracting
is when doctors and health care practitioners have a contract agreement through a third party payer to accept a specified payment for services provided to patients.
Cost Containment
deals with managing the costs of doing business within a specified budget while restraining expenditures to meet a specified financial target.
Effects on Medicare and Medicaid
in managed health care appear to be moving in a direction where both types of recipients will be enrolled in some type of managed health care plan in the near future.
The Future Role of Government Regulations
, to include ERISA and HIPAA health care policies.
Include
Three Recommendations
each, related to quality and change in Medicare and Medicaid managed health care plans.
Writing the Final Paper
Must be ten- to fifteen double-spaced pages in length and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
Must have a cover page that includes:
Title of paper
Student’s name
Course name and number
Instructor’s name
Date submitted
Must include an introductory paragraph with a succinct thesis statement.
Must address the topic of the paper with critical thought.
Must end with a conclusion that reaffirms your thesis.
Must use at least eight scholarly and /or peer-reviewed sources, published within the last five years, including a minimum of three from the Ashford University Online Library.
Must document all sources in APA style, as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
Must include a separate reference page, formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
.
The Final exam primarily covers the areas of the hydrosphere, the bi.docxssuser454af01
The Final exam primarily covers the areas of the hydrosphere, the biosphere and the lithosphere. As in the Midterm, special attention should be paid to the lecture notes and the PowerPoint files, as well as the Discussion Boards. These sections are dependent on the text and the laboratory exercises, but the discussions and the lecture notes are more conducive to explanation and understanding with a essay-driven format. Additionally, the animated PowerPoints are good at achieving an understanding of processes that are in motion, especially when looking at the lithosphere, giving them more of a 3-dimensional quality.
For this final essay exam you are required to answer all five (5) of the questions. Although there is no set word limit for these essay questions, you will be graded on your knowledge of the material and the detail with which you write your answers. You should take care to cite your sources in APA format and provide full references in a Works Cited list.
Describe the paths of water through the hydrologic cycle. Explain the processes and the energy gains and losses involved in the changes of water between its 3 states. Operationally, we often most concerned with water does when it reaches the solid earth, both on the surface and in the sub-surface. Explain the relationship between the saturated zone, the water table, a ground water well and the cone of depression, all within the sub-surface.
The food chain is a valuable concept in biogeography. Give an example of a specific food chain, labeling the various levels of the food chain. After looking at characteristics of food chains, explain how a geographer’s approach to the study of organisms might be different than biologist’s study of organisms; what would each try to emphasize more than the other? What exactly is a biome? Compare/contrast the concept of the biome with that of the zoogeographic region. Compare/contrast the floral characteristics of 2 of the following biomes: Desert, Tundra, Midlatitude Grassland and Boreal Forest.
Theorize the difference in soil development in adjoining soils developed on forested, sloped area versus a grassed flat area. What are the soil-forming factors? Explain the importance of the nature of the parent material to soil formation and type. Then, cite at least 2 examples in which the influence of parent materials might be outweighed by other soil-forming factors. Explain the “struggle” between the internal and external processes in shaping the Earth’s surface. What are the different ways that the surface of the Earth is changed over time?
Describe the general sequence of events in continental drift since the time of 5 separate continents 450 million years ago. What is the difference between the older continental drift theory by Wegener and the more recent plate tectonic theory? Plate tectonics theory explains many seemingly unrelated phenomena. Explain how the patterns of volcanoes and earthquakes related to plate tectonics..
The Final Paper must be 8 pages (not including title and reference p.docxssuser454af01
The Final Paper must be 8 pages (not including title and reference pages) and should demonstrate an understanding of the reading assignments, class discussions, your own research, and the application of new knowledge. It must include citations and references for six to eight sources; one may be the text.
Micozzi, M. S. (2010). Fundamentals of complementary and alternative medicine. (4th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevier.
At least four must be from the ProQuest, EBSCOhost, or PubMed Central databases in the University Library, and the remaining sources must be from other scholarly or professional Internet resources.
For the Final Paper,
Complementary and alternative medicines >> (
Natural Products)
Provide a brief discussion of the protocols, and provide details of historical events that shaped the practice.
Chronic Pain
Describe the disease or condition from the CAM perspective
Include potential cultural challenges faced by the afflicted patient population as well as the practitioner.
Describe how the CAM (Natural Products) practitioner diagnoses and treats the condition.
Identify potential questions or skepticisms other health care providers and potential clientele may have regarding the CAM selected, and address the questions, supporting your responses with a minimum of two sources of research for the health condition and system chosen.
Identify and substantively describe a minimum of two other CAM practice interventions that could be suggested to assist in minimizing the impact of the illness/condition. Justify implementation of the two interventions you are recommending.
Must begin with an introductory paragraph that has a succinct thesis statement.
Must address the topic of the paper with critical thought.
Must end with a restatement of the thesis and a conclusion paragraph.
Must utilize six to eight sources; one may be the text, at least four must be from the ProQuest, EBSCOhost, or PubMed Central databases, and the remaining sources must be from other scholarly or professional Internet resources.
Must document all sources in APA style.
Must include a separate reference page that is formatted according to APA style.
.
The final course deliverable, the Personal Leadership Portfolio, i.docxssuser454af01
The final course deliverable, the Personal Leadership Portfolio, is created by incorporating targeted leadership knowledge development, self-assessment assignments, and homeland security or public safety leadership analysis. The portfolio represents a personal understanding and plan of public safety leadership based on the course research, textbooks, module content, conferences, reports, simulation, and your leadership performance.
The process requires weekly demonstration of leadership knowledge development through conference discussion opportunities and leadership self-assessment assignments. The submissions are assessed for accuracy and completeness against project requirements and ensure that the development of leadership knowledge, assessment, and analysis provides a maximum foundation for the sequential portfolio development. The completed personal leadership portfolio correlates with professional homeland security and public safety leadership best practices, resulting in a tangible product that can become a base for future leadership development.
Assessment Sequence
The project is made up of sequential steps that constitute the required actions of semester-long portfolio development. The process assessment utilizes a recommended portfolio document structure.
1.
Gather
—the gathering of course and outside leadership materials and resources.
2.
Research
—narrowing the focus of academic and anecdotal leadership topics to professional homeland security or public safety leadership topics.
3.
Organize
—establish an information-handling process in order to coordinate resources, sources, and gathered data. Monitor for policy topic research completeness through use of an information-handling and organization process.
4.
Analyze and evaluate
—compare, contrast, and judge resource material to develop cogent documentation.
5.
Assess
—assimilate personal leadership history report results with cogent documentation, demonstrating the nexus between personal leadership history and data with academic and anecdotal resources. This step may also include assessing past leadership opportunities for lessons learned.
6.
Apply
—based on steps 1-5, determine personal leadership styles and traits and how the determination can be applied in a professional homeland security or public safety setting. This step will also include personal leadership strengths and challenges for future development.
7.
Create
a personal leadership development plan for your future in public safety.
Personal Leadership Portfolio Document Structure and Content Topics
The personal leadership portfolio will be a paper of at
least 12 pages
(not including the cover and reference page, and attachments), presented in APA (6
th
edition) format, and structured so as to cover all of the following topics:
presentation and discussion of academic and anecdotal resource materials
deconstruction of current homeland security or public safety leadership
identi.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The following article is related to deterring employee fraud within .docx
1. The following article is related to deterring employee fraud
within organizations and answers some related questions. After
reading the case, answer the following questions:
Read the article the following article:
Wells, J. T. (2004, December). Small business, big losses.
Journal of Accountancy,
198
(6), 42-47. Retrieved from Business Source Complete database.
Section:FRAUD
Audits and hotlines stack up as the bestcrime busters in a new
ACFE study.
Occupational fraud has become--at least so far--the crime of the
21st century. It is a widespread phenomenon that affects
practically every organization. The frauds in the 2004 Report to
the Nation on Occupational Fraud and Abuse, from the
Association of Certified Fraud Examiners, caused over $761
million in total losses, with a disproportionate percentage
committed against small businesses--almost half of the frauds in
the study took place in businesses with fewer than 100
employees. Not surprisingly such businesses are less likely to
be audited or employ antifraud measures than the larger ones.
Several broad conclusions can be drawn from the 2004 report.
First, though the losses have been stable over the years, the fact
that in one year alone they are approaching $660 billion is cause
for concern. Dishonest executives and employees are plying
essentially the same schemes with the same results. Second,
although large financial statement frauds receive the most
attention, they are relatively uncommon compared to asset
misappropriations and corruption. Third, small businesses
remain the most vulnerable to occupational fraud because of
three factors: They are the least likely to have an audit, a
hotline or adequate internal controls. Fourth, audits--both
2. internal and external--although excellent prevention devices are
not the most effective means of detecting frauds. Fifth, hotlines
and other reporting mechanisms are a vital part of any
organization's prevention efforts but should go beyond
employees to vendors and customers, too. Finally, occupational
fraud cannot be eliminated but organizations that use both
hotlines and auditors can greatly reduce these costly crimes.
Occupational fraud schemes can be as simple as pilferage of
company supplies or as complex as sophisticated financial
statement frauds. This article summarizes some of the key
findings of certified fraud examiners (CFEs) in cases they
investigated. Internal and external auditors and CPAs advising
small business clients will learn of the most effective antifraud
measures.
MEASURING THE COST OF FRAUD
Determining the true cost of occupational fraud is an impossible
task. Because fraud is a crime based on concealment,
organizations often do not know when they are being
victimized. Many frauds never are detected or are caught only
after they have gone on for several years. Many of those are
never reported or prosecuted. In fact, there is no agency or
organization that is specifically charged with gathering
comprehensive fraud-related information. All of these factors
combine to make any estimate of the total cost of occupational
fraud just that--an estimate.
The study asked CFEs to give their best estimate of the
percentage of revenues a typical organization in the United
States loses in a year as a result of occupational fraud. The
median response was 6%, the same result obtained from
previous studies. This is a staggering figure. If multiplied by
the U.S. gross domestic product, which for 2004 will total over
$11 trillion, it would translate into $660 billion in annual fraud
losses (see exhibit 1, at right).
VICTIMIZED ORGANIZATIONS
3. The victims of occupational fraud are the organizations that
employ the fraud perpetrators and suffer losses as a result of
these crimes. Exhibit 2, at right, shows the distribution of
frauds in the ACFE survey, based on the type of organization
that was victimized.
Approximately 46% of the occupational frauds in our study
were committed in small businesses (defined as organizations
with fewer than 100 employees). The impact of occupational
fraud on small businesses was much greater than on larger
companies (see exhibit 3, at right). Part of the reason for the
larger losses is that small businesses are the least likely to be
audited. As noted in the 2002 report, the audit appears to be a
powerful deterrent to occupational fraud.
HOW OCCUPATIONAL FRAUD IS COMMITTED
A major goal of the study was to gain a better understanding of
how fraud is committed and the types of schemes that tend to
produce the largest losses. We classified each fraud according
to the methods used by the perpetrator. Breaking down
occupational frauds into distinct categories also helps CPAs
better understand the common characteristics, which in turn
assists in the development of better antifraud tools.
There are three major categories of occupational fraud to
consider:
Asset misappropriations.
These schemes involve the theft or misuse of an organization's
assets by such means as skimming revenues, stealing inventory
or committing payroll fraud.
Corruption.
Fraudsters wrongfully use their influence in business
transactions to procure some benefit for themselves or another
person. One of the most common is accepting kickbacks or
engaging in conflicts of interest.
Fraudulent financial statements.
These generally involve falsification of an organization's
financial statements by overstating revenues or understating
4. liabilities or expenses.
While asset misappropriations were by far the most common of
the three categories, occurring in over 90% of the cases, they
also had the lowest median loss, at $93,000. Conversely,
fraudulent financial statements were the least common (7.9%)
but had the highest median loss at $1,000,000. (See exhibits 4
and 5, page 44.)
CASH MISAPPROPRIATIONS
Of the cases in the study, 87% involved some form of cash
misappropriation. Cash frauds fall into one of three categories:
Fraudulent disbursements.
A perpetrator causes his organization to disburse funds through
some trick or device, such as submitting false invoices or
forging company checks.
Skimming.
Cash is stolen from an organization before it is recorded on the
organization's books and records.
Cash larceny.
Cash is stolen from an organization after it has been recorded
on the organization's books and records.
Approximately three-fourths of the cash frauds in the study
involved some form of fraudulent disbursement, making this the
most common category by far. Schemes that involved a
fraudulent disbursement also had the highest median loss, at
$125,000. (See exhibit 6, at right.)
FRAUDULENT DISBURSEMENTS
Just over half of the fraudulent disbursement cases in our study
involved billing fraud, making this the most common type.
Among these cases the highest median loss occurred in schemes
involving check tampering. (See exhibit 7, page 45.) The
schemes included the following:
Billing.
A fraudster causes the victimized organization to issue a
payment by submitting invoices for fictitious goods or services,
5. inflated invoices, or invoices for personal purchases. Example:
When a secretary for a public company interceded on behalf of
an unpaid legitimate supplier and the accounts-payable
department could not locate the original invoice, it nonetheless
agreed to pay the vendor based on a fax copy. Seizing on this
basic internal control deficiency, the secretary and two
nonemployee accomplices set up three phony companies,
submitting fax copies of doctored original invoices for
"consulting fees." The fraud was discovered when a manager
questioned a huge variation in the budget--but not until four
years and $1.7 million later.
Payroll.
An employee causes the victim organization to issue a payment
by making false claims for compensation. Example: A controller
for a small nonprofit organization, believing she should be
earning twice her salary, added a "ghost" employee to the
payroll. Since she managed both the bank accounts and the
books--a serious internal control deficiency--that was easy
enough to do. Every pay period, she wrote a paycheck to the
nonexistent ghost, but thanks to the company's direct payroll
deposit policy, the money actually went straight to her bank
account. The bank evidently never noticed the discrepancy.
During a surprise audit of the payroll account, the controller
mysteriously left town. It didn't take the auditors long to figure
out why when they matched the direct deposits and uncovered
the scheme, which had cost the nonprofit $208,000 over three
years.
Expense reimbursements.
An employee enters a claim for reimbursement of fictitious or
inflated business expenses.
Check tampering.
The perpetrator converts an organization's funds by forging,
altering or stealing a check. Example: The administrative
assistant to a CEO of a privately held company knew her boss's
habits all too well. Each week, right before lunch, she presented
him with a stack of checks, which he quickly signed. He didn't
6. notice the checks were prepared in erasable ink. The
administrative assistant--who also acted as the company's
bookkeeper--would change the payee on the checks, deposit the
funds to her own bank account and post the checks to various
company expenses in order to conceal the fraud. When the
checks were returned in the bank statement, the assistant would
change the name back to the payee to whom the payment was
originally directed. In her haste, however, she altered checks
meant to pay the boss's personal expenses. In the end, the boss's
appetite cost him a half-million dollars.
Register disbursements.
An employee makes false entries on a cash register to conceal
the fraudulent removal of currency. Example: A crafty service
station attendant discovered a flaw in the cash register system;
it could put a sale on hold until the transaction was completed.
Simply depressing the "hold" button for a few extra seconds
made the transaction disappear altogether. So when a customer
bought gasoline, the clerk would erase the sale and pocket the
proceeds. Company auditors finally noticed a large disparity
when they compared fuel inventory to sales. After exhausting
all other possibilities (including leaks in the fuel storage tanks),
they installed surveillance cameras over the cash registers and
caught the fraudster on tape. This simple scheme cost the
company $132,000.
DETECTING FRAUD
As in the 2002 study, the most common means of detection--by
a wide margin--was through tips (see exhibit 8, above).
Recognizing the value of encouraging tips, section 301 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires audit committees of publicly
traded companies to establish procedures for "the confidential,
anonymous submission by employees of the issuer of concerns
regarding questionable accounting or auditing matters."
Respondents were asked what, if any, antifraud measures they
had in place at the time the frauds occurred. They listed
anonymous reporting mechanisms (typically hotlines), internal
7. audit or fraud examination departments and external audits.
Exhibit 9, at right, shows the percentage of victimized
organizations that had implemented these mechanisms.
HOTLINES WORK
To test the effectiveness of each antifraud control, the study
measured the median loss for organizations with controls
against those without them. The figures showed that anonymous
reporting mechanisms had the greatest impact on reducing fraud
losses. Organizations that did not have reporting mechanisms
suffered median losses that were more than twice as high as
organizations with them. (See exhibit 10, at right.) This was
consistent with the findings of the 2002 report.
This result is also consistent with the data the ACFE gathered
showing the most common way for frauds to be discovered is
through tips. Obviously, hotlines and other reporting
mechanisms are designed to facilitate tips on wrongdoing. The
fact that tips were the most common means leading to detection-
-combined with the fact that organizations that had reporting
mechanisms showed the greatest reduction in fraud losses--
indicates this is an extremely valuable antifraud resource. The
effectiveness of these reporting mechanisms is significantly
higher when they are made available to customers, vendors and
other third parties--not just employees. Organizations that
rushed to implement employee hotlines to comply with
Sarbanes-Oxley might profit from adding these valuable
additional sources of information.
Curiously, anonymous reporting mechanisms were the least
common antifraud measure of the three we tested for; only
slightly more than one-third of victim organizations in our study
had established anonymous reporting structures at the time they
were victimized.
THE WAGES OF CRIME
Generally speaking, the position perpetrators held in an
organization and their annual income tended to be the most
8. significant factors in the size of losses in a fraud scheme. As
the employees' level of authority rose, so did fraud losses. In
just under 5% of the cases in the ACFE study, the perpetrator
earned more than $200,000 a year--but, in those cases, median
losses exceeded $1 million (see exhibit 11, page 47).
OBSERVATIONS
In many respects, the ACFE's 2004 report supported its findings
of 2002: Small businesses still were disproportionately affected
by occupational frauds, asset misappropriations still accounted
for approximately 90% of reported cases and the vast majority
of perpetrators were still first-time offenders. As in 2002
occupational frauds still were much more likely to be detected
by a tip than through an internal or external audit; and
anonymous reporting mechanisms such as hotlines still
exhibited the greatest impact on occupational fraud losses.
But the 2004 report also presents new information about
occupational fraud that is especially critical in the post
Sarbanes-Oxley world. For example, the ACFE found that over
half of all frauds committed by owner/executives were detected
through a tip, which was much higher than the rate for fraud in
general. By comparison, only 6% of these cases were caught
through internal controls. Obviously, this was because owners
and executives often were able to override controls to commit
fraud. Given the fact that schemes by owner/executives now
must be disclosed to audit committees regardless of whether
they are material, and that these schemes tend to be the most
costly, the study offers strong support for Sarbanes-Oxley's
requirement for the establishment of anonymous reporting
mechanisms.
The 2004 report also looked more deeply into the ways in which
small businesses were affected by occupational fraud. The
ACFE found one-third of the small business cases involved a
billing scheme, and one-third involved check tampering--two
forms of fraudulent disbursements that typically succeed when
there is a lack of control over the company checkbook. This
9. suggests that if there is one critical area where small businesses
should focus their antifraud efforts and resources, it is in
establishing solid controls--including a strong separation of
duties--over the check-cutting and payables functions.
The ACFE also found that very few small businesses in the
study--only 31%--had any form of internal audit or fraud
examination department. But among that group, it was the
internal audit department that detected half of the frauds. This
suggests that internal auditors can have a significant impact in
detecting occupational fraud and minimizing losses in small
businesses.
RESOURCES
AICPA Resources
Books
• CPA's Handbook of Fraud and Commercial Crime Prevention
(# 56504JA).
• Financial Reporting Fraud: A Practical Guide to Detection and
Internal Control (# 029879JA).
• Fraud Detection in a GAAS Audit (# 006615JA).
CPE
• Introduction to Fraud Examination and Criminal Behavior (#
730275JA).
• Identifying Fraudulent Financial Transactions (# 730244JA).
• Finding the Truth: Effective Techniques for Interview and
Communication (# 730164JA).
For more information, to register or to place an order, go to
www.cpa2biz.com
or call the Institute at
888-777-7077
FREE
.
10. AICPA antifraud initiatives
Antifraud and Corporate Responsibility Resource Center,
www.aicpa.org/antifraud
.
• SAS no. 99 information.
• Management Antifraud Programs and Controls (SAS no. 99
exhibit).
• Fraud Specialist Competency Model.
• Free corporate fraud prevention training and CPE.
• Academia outreach and assistance.
• Other antifraud activities.
The 2004 Report to the Nation on Occupational Fraud and
Abuse, from the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners, can
be downloaded at
www.cfenet.com
.
Exhibit 1: Total Occupational Fraud Losses
Legend for Chart:
B - Billions of dollars
A B
2004 660
2002 600
1996 400
11. Exhibit 2: Type of Organization Victimized
Legend for Chart:
A - Organization type (Median loss)
B - Percentage of cases
A B
Private company 41.8%
($123,000)
Public company 30.3%
($100,000)
Government 15.8%
($37,500)
Not-for-profit 12.2%
organization
12. ($100,000)
Exhibit 3: Median Loss Based on Size of Organization
Legend for Chart:
A - Number of employees
B - Median loss 2004
C - Median loss 2002
A B C
<100 $98,000 $127,500
100-999 $78,5000 $135,000
1,000-9,999 $87,500 $53,000
10,000+ $105,500 $97,000
Exhibit 4: Methods of Fraud--All Occupational Frauds
Legend for Chart:
A - Category (Percentage of cases)
B - Median loss
13. A B
Fraudulent statements $1,000,000
(7.9%)
Corruption $250,000
(30.1%)
Asset misappropriations $93,000
(92.7%)
Note: The percentages exceed 100% due to multiple schemes
in more than one category.
Exhibit 5: Breakdown of Asset Misappropriations
Legend for Chart:
A - Asset targeted (Median loss)
14. B - Percentage of cases
A B
Cash 93.4%
($98,000)
Noncash 22.1%
($100,000)
Note: The percentages exceed 100% due to multiple schemes
in more than one category.
Exhibit 6: Breakdown of Cash Misappropriations
Legend for Chart:
A - Category (Median loss)
B - Percentage of cases
A B
15. Fraudulent 74.1%
disbursements
($125,000)
Skimming 28.2%
($85,000)
Cash larceny 23.9%
($80,000)
Note: The percentages exceed 100% due to multiple schemes
in more than one category.
Exhibit 7: Breakdown of Fraudulent Disbursements
Legend for Chart:
A - Category (Median loss)
B - Percentage of cases
17. Note: The percentages exceed 100% due to multiple schemes
in more than one category.
Exhibit 8: Initial Detection of Occupational Frauds
Legend for Chart:
A - Detection method
B - Percentage of cases 2004
C - Percentage of cases 2002
A B C
Tip 39.6% 43.0%
Internal audit 23.8% 18.6%
By accident 21.3% 18.8%
Internal controls 18.4% 15.4%
External audit 10.9% 11.5%
Notified by police 0.9% 1.7%
18. Note: The percentages exceed 100% because some respondents
identified more than one category.
Exhibit 9: Frequency of Antifraud Measures
Legend for Chart:
A - Antifraud measures
B - Percentage of victims with measure in place 2004
C - Percentage of victims with measure in place 2002
A B C
External audit 74.7% 73.0%
Internal audit 57.2% 57.7%
Anonymous hotline 36.8% 35.2%
Note: Some respondents had more than one measure in place.
Exhibit 10: Median Loss Based on Whether Organization Had a
Hotline
Legend for Chart:
19. A - Survey year
B - Median loss Hotline
C - Median loss No hotline
A B C
2004 $56,500 $135,500
2002 $77,500 $150,000
Exhibit 11: Median Loss Based on Perpetrator's Annual Income
Legend for Chart:
A - Income (Percentage of cases)
B - Median loss
A B
<$50,000 $47,000
(51.2%)
20. $50,000-$99,000 $135,500
(28.5%)
$100,000-$149,000 $429,000
(11.2%)
$150,000-$199,999 $200,000
(4.4%)
$200,000-$499,999 $1,000,000
(3.6%)
$500,000+ $2,010,000
(1.1%)
~~~~~~~~
By Joseph T. Wells
JOSEPH T. WELLS, CPA, CFE, is founder and chairman of the
Association of Certified Fraud Examiners and professor of fraud
examination at the University of Texas at Austin. Mr. Wells
won the Lawler Award for the best JofA article in 2000 and
2002 and has been inducted into the Journal of Accountancy
21. Hall of Fame.
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American Institute of Ceritified Public Accountants and its
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articles for individual use.
Answer the following questions related to the article:
According to Mr. Wells, how do you measure the cost of
occupational fraud?
Explain the three major categories of occupational fraud.
According to Mr. Wells, what is the best method to detect
fraud?
What types of companies are hit the hardest by occupational
fraud?
Explain what companies can to prevent (not detect) fraud.
Your essay must be at least 200-300 words in length. If using
outside sources all source citation should adhere to the
guidelines of the APA style guide.