A detailed ppt on the topic Biotechnology Includes all advancements , applications , jobs , schorlarships etc youneed to know

1. THE FIELD OF
BIOTECHNOLOGY
Presented By: Hammad Wali

2. ● Biotechnology is the integration of natural science and
organisms, cells, parts thereof and molecular analogues
for products and services
● It includes using scientific methods with organisms to
produce new products or new forms of organisms
3 Stages Of Biotechnology
– Ancient Biotechnology
– Classical Biotechnology
– Modern Biotechnoloy
What Is Biotechnology and
What Does It Mean to You?
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3. Ancient Biotechnology (Pre-1800)
o Most of the developments in the ancient period i.e., before the year
1800, can be termed as ‘discoveries’ or ‘developments’.
o In ancient times, humans explored the possibilities of making food
available by growing it near their shelters, so that the basic need for
food could be met easily. They brought seeds of plants (mostly
grains) and showed them near to their shelters. They understood the
importance of water, light, and other requirements for the optimal
growth of food plants. Similar principles and needs also led them to
start domestication of different wild animals, which helped them to
improve their living conditions and to satisfy their hunger. The need
to hunt for animal was done away with it; as now animals were
available to them at closer proximity, and also they did not have to
deal with the dangerous conditions of hunting.
o After domestication of food crops and wild animals, man moved on
to other new observations like cheese, curd

4. Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)
o he second phase of evolution and development of
biotechnology can be called ‘Classical Biotechnology’.
This phase existed from 1800 to almost the middle of the
twentieth century.
o Genetic information which are the core of biotechnology.
This was, for the first time, deciphered in pea plants by
Mendel
o Alexander Fleming a physician discovered antibiotics,
when he observed that one microorganism can be used
to kill another microorganism. Later he discovered
‘penicillin’

5. Classical Biotechnology
Example
NORMAL ZEBRAFISH "CASPER" ZEBRAFISH – MADE BY SELECTIVE
BREEDING
(a) (b)

6. Modern Biotechnology (1945-
present)
There were two key events that made biotechnology
into what it is today by uniting it with genetics:
1. One was the discovery of the structure of DNA, by
Watson and Crick in 1953,
2. The other was the discovery of a recombinant DNA
technique by Cohen and Boyer 1973 popularly
referred to as “genetic engineering,”
Using this technological advancement and others,
scientists were able to insert a foreign DNA into
another host and were even able to monitor the
transfer of a foreign DNA into the next generation.
This led to the first ever successful cloning
1997: Ian Wilmut, an Irish scientist, was successful in cloning
an adult animal, using sheep as model and naming the cloned
sheep ‘Dolly.’

7. Types and Application of Biotechnology
1. Microbial Biotechnology: manipulation of microorganisms such as yeast and bacteria
2. Agricultural Biotechnology: genetically engineered plants
3. Medical Biotechnology: Involved with the whole spectrum of Preventive human medicine that is, Diagnosis
of illness, Treatment of human diseases, Gene therapy, Stem cells therapy
4. Animal Biotechnology: Animals as a source of medically valuable proteins like Antibodies, Transgenic
animals
5. Forensic Biotechnology: DNA fingerprinting
6. Bioremediation: The use of biotechnology to process and degrade a variety of natural and manmade
substances e.g. adding nutrients to stimulate growth of bacteria to clean up oil spill
7. Aquatic Biotechnology: Aqua culturing and Genetic engineering of Aquatic life
8. Regulatory Biotechnology: All activities involved in regulating the final quality of

8. APPLICATION OF
BIOTECHNOLOGY

9. a) Medical applications
b) Field of Medicine has been greatly altered by advances In
biotechnology in the last 30 years.
c) Diagnosis and treatment of human diseases
d) PCR detection , AIDS virus DNA detection
e) Genetic screening : detection of mutations know to be
associated with genetic disorders.
f) Fetal screening : Hemophilia , cystic fibrosis
g) Improved production of Therapeutic agents.
Application of
biotechnology
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10. a)Gene therapy : change genetic sequence in an
organism To prevent genetic disorders
b)Gene therapy example
Pain meditation : Pronociceptive transmitters
INDUCE pain.
Antinociceptive transmitters INHIBIT pain.
a)Insert gene that expresse antinociceptive
transmitters near spinal cord , therefore cancer
patients pain become deceased.
a)Antisense oligonucleotides : stick to
complementary mRNA, prevent it from being
translated into proteins.
b)Recombinant DNA technology : the cloning of
human insulin gene.
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11. i. Transgenic plants : organisms in which foreign DNA has
been artificially incorporated into its genome.
ii. Gene gun : Extraction of Celle walls from plants.
iii. Many new agricultural products have been
iv. developed using biotechnology
v. Crops now have higher yields, hardiness to
vi. whether, virus / insect resistance and
vii. Herbicids tolerance.
viii. For example FLAVR SAVR tomato.
Agricultural
Applications.
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12. Animal Biotechnology
– Animals as a source of medically valuable proteins
• Antibodies
• Transgenic animals
– transgenic animal: way to achieve large scale production of
therapeutic proteins from animals for use in humans
– Female transgenic animals express therapeutic proteins in milk
(contains genes from another source)
– Example: human genes coding for clotting proteins can be
introduced into female goats for production of these proteins in their
milk
– Animals as important models in basic research
• Gene "knockout" experiments
• Design and testing of drugs and genetic therapies
– Animal cloning
• Source of transplant organs
Applications in
Live Stock.
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13. ● Forensic Biotechnology
○ DNA fingerprinting
■ Inclusion or exclusion of a person from suspicion
■ Paternity cases
■ Identification of human remains
■ Endangered species
■ Tracking and confirmation of the spread of
disease
Forensic
Biotechnology.
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14. ● The use of biotechnology to process and
degrade a variety of natural and manmade
substances
● Particularly those that contribute to
environmental pollution
● Example – stimulated growth of bacteria that
degrade components in crude oil
Bioremediation.
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15. WHAT WE CAN DO IN
BIOTECHNOLOGY AFTER
GRADUATING FROM QAU

16. a) Internships
b) Lab work
c) Maximum information about subjects related to field.
d) Knowledge of basic Lab tecniques.
BS BIOTECHNOLOGY
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17. i. Biomedical Enginer ; engineering skills to construct
solutions for problems related to medicine and biology.
ii. Biochemist; chemical attributes of biological processes and
living things that include various diseases, heredity, and
cell growth or destruction. Such biochemists mostly spend
time in the labs because of the complex research. They
analyze, isolate, and synthesize fats, proteins,
carbohydrates, DNA, and other molecules in order to know
the effect of such things to our body.
HIGHER STUDIES
IN BIOTEC.
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18. • Medical scientist; improve patients health by investigating
different types of disease and their prevention methods.
• Microbioligist; study the immune system, bacteria, and
distinctive viruses to create industrial and biomedical related
products.
• Process development scientist; supervise the manufacturing
process in an organization’s laboratory.
• Biomanufacturing Specialist; utilize methods and tools to
match the quality of the product up to the mark of purity,
potency, and safety.
HIGHER STUDIES
IN BIOTEC.
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19. 19
Drugs and mediciens
pharmaceutical
Crops
Agriculture
.
Mediciens
Beauty products
cosmetic.
Biohackers
Genetic engenering
Popular employment sector

20. Universities offering scholarships for further
studies in foreign countries

21. a) Harvard University, USA
b) Stanford University, USA
c) National University of Singapore
d) University of Toronto, Canada
e) University of Queensland, Australia
f) RWTH Aachen, Germany
g) University Freiburg, Germany
Universities Offering
Biotechnology on Scholarship
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22. a) USA (United States of America)
b) Germany
c) Australia
d) Canada
e) Singapore
f) Turkey
Best country for master in
Biotechnology
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23. a) Entrance Exam: GRE
b) English Proficiency: IELTS (6.5) or TOEFL (92)
c) Bachelors Degree in Biology or Science field
d) Letter of Recommendation
e) Very expensive
f) Education loan need
g) Highly capable student take scholarship only
United States of America
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24. a) English Proficiency: IELTS (6.5) or TOEFL (98)
b) Bachelors Degree in Biology or Science field
c) Letter of Recommendation
➔ Germany also offers education in some of its universities
under no tuition fee scheme which undoubtedly saves a lot
of money.
Germany
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25. a)English Proficiency: IELTS (6.5) or TOEFL (79)
or PTE (58)
b)Bachelors Degree in Biology or Science field
c)Letter of Recommendation
⮚The tuition fee and living expenses in
Australia is a lot cheaper compared to other
Tier 1 countries.
⮚The tuition fee and living expenses in
Australia is a lot cheaper compared to other
Tier 1 countries.
Australia
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26. ● English Proficiency: IELTS (7) or TOEFL (93)
● Bachelors Degree in Biology or Science field
● Letter of Recommendation
⮚ Students can experience various aspects of society by
living in the country
⮚ Additional benefits of studying in Canada include job
opportunities, easy immigration process and great
destination for student exposure and career growth.
Canada
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27. ⮚English Proficiency: IELTS (7) or TOEFL
(93)
⮚Bachelors Degree in Biology or Science
field
⮚Letter of Recommendation
⮚Full scholarship is offered at some
universities for masters in biotechnology
course.
⮚The education system in the country
prompts excellent quality of information in
Singapore
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28. ⮚Entrance Exam: GRE (refer countries for
specific requirements)
⮚English Proficiency: IELTS or TOEFL
⮚Bachelor’s Degree in Biology or Science
field
⮚Letter of Recommendation
⮚Scholarship essays
⮚Other secondary documents like passport,
address proof, bank details, etc.
What I need to apply
scholarship or admission in
Master in Biotechnology
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29. 1. Biochemist
2. Biomedical Engineer
3. Biotechnology Sales
4. Biotechnology Laboratory Technician
5. Biotechnology Research Associate
6. Crime Lab Technician
7. Environmental Engineer
8. Quality Control Analyst
9. Senior Research Scientist
10.Validation Technician
Career Prospects with Masters
in Biotechnology degree:
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30. FUTURE OF
BIOTECHNOLOGY
SCOPE AND RESEARCHES WORLDWIDE

31. SCOPE IN FUTURE
o Future of biotechnology looks very bright.
o It can be felt that this decade belongs to biotechnology
without a doubt.
o Biotechnology has already become an exceptional field
of research and industrial application.
o In fact, it has always been there, it's just that today, when
human kind is suffering from myriad of life-threatening
diseases, innumerable challenges on environmental
depletion, plethora of various pandemics and epidemics;
Biotechnology has emerged as the only savior.
o Hence the "field that actually does magics".

32. 32
1. The future of this field is thus very bright!
2. Talk about "New
Drugs/Medicines/Vaccines", Biotechnology is
at work!
3. Talk about "Artificial organs" Biotechnology
is at work!
4. Talk about "DNA analysis: be it for forensic
research or for exploratory purposes",
Biotechnology is at work!

33. 1. Alk about "Food Production and ways to enhance productivity",
Biotechnology is at work!
2. Talk about "New Diagnostic Equipment", Biotechnology is at work!
3. Talk about "Environment friendly products and services",
Biotechnology is at work!
4. Talk about "Nutrient supplements", Biotechnology is at work!
5. Talk about "New Apps being developed for various smart phones to
probe physiological parameters", Biotechnology is at work even there!!
6. One may talk about "any" living being linked product/service/activity,
you will end up finding "A Biotechnological Connection" somewhere,
everywhere

34. RECENT AND UPCOMING
DEVELOPMENTS &
RESEARCHES IN
DIFFERENT FIELDS
● Medical Biotechnology and
Alzheimer’s Disease: New Hopes
●HIV/AIDS Cure and Biotechnology,
"Potential HIV cure is ready for
human trials" .
●Research focused on
understanding the molecular
mechanisms of cancer, and
developing diagnostics and drugs
for its cure.

35. ● Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering , The use of genetic modification
techniques and technologies to enhance or produce food and ingredients, often
referred to as biotechnology, genetic engineering (GE), or “GMOs.
● Biotechnology and Agriculture , Biotechnology is helping farmers feed the world.
● Biotechnology and Medicine, From manipulation of mutant genes to enhanced
resistance to disease, biotechnology has allowed advances in medicine.
● Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Research in this area involves developing
fundamental physicochemical understanding of biological processes and translating the
knowledge into efficient design of therapeutically and industrial important products and
processes.
The future of biotechnology is strong. We can undoubtedly envision a day when
breakthrough drugs lead to a world without cancer, or AIDS or Alzheimer’s, a world
where there is sustainable development that will tackle energy, food and environmental
needs without compromising the Earth’s resources or its future.

36. INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT
BIOTECHNOLOGY

37. a) Humans have unknowingly used biotechnology practices for
thousands of years
b) The most crucial application of biotechnology of its era was the
production of antibiotics to fight infection
c) Biotechnology does have its critics, as there is currently a
movement to ban and avoid genetically modified foods.
INTRO
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38. i. DNA Revelation
ii. About 99.9% human DNA is the same
iii. DNA as data storage
iv. Humans shares about 98% of their genes with
chimpanzees, 92% with mice, 76% with zebrafish, 51%
with fruit flies, and 18% with E. coli bacteria
v. Each cell in your body contains about two meters of DNA.
FUN FACTS
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39. • Producing SpiderDragline Silk through a modified goat
• Square Shaped Watermelons
• Diagnosis of infectious disease such as Covid-19
• High yielding seeds with less water consumage
• Glow in the dark Animals (Dog , Rabbit , Fish)
• Ancient methods of brewing ( making Wine) Fermentation
• A gram of a DNA can store 215 million GB of data
INTERESTING
DISCOVERIES
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40. • Biotechnology is an emerging field with a widespread of
applications
• It has role in almost every sector of modern Biological
science
• Opting for it as your career is safe as it has many
opportunities in pakistan as well as other countries
• The modern world seems to be a perfect place for
Biotechnology since the more we develop the more close we
get to technology
• We cant imagine science without the applications of Biotech
CONCLUSION
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41. THANK YOU!