This document discusses the global trade of goods and commodities between various regions throughout history. It focuses on trade between Asia, Europe, Africa, and the Americas involving goods like spices, textiles, sugar, tobacco, coffee, chocolate, and potatoes. Many of these goods originated in one region and spread globally through trade networks, with some like sugar, coffee, and chocolate becoming very popular worldwide consumer products. The document also discusses how Europeans initially viewed and treated indigenous populations in the Americas.
Following mankind's taste for alcohol from eating fermented fruit through the development of wine and up the present time of craft beers and botanical gins.
The Indians of the West Indies - Dead or Alive?Maria Koonce
Arawak, Taino, Lucayan, Ciboney, Carib people. Who were they? What was their culture? How did they encounter the Spanish invaders? Were they destined for extinction or did they leave their mark through the history of their paradise lost?
Following mankind's taste for alcohol from eating fermented fruit through the development of wine and up the present time of craft beers and botanical gins.
The Indians of the West Indies - Dead or Alive?Maria Koonce
Arawak, Taino, Lucayan, Ciboney, Carib people. Who were they? What was their culture? How did they encounter the Spanish invaders? Were they destined for extinction or did they leave their mark through the history of their paradise lost?
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
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Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
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TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
2. When Asia was the World
Economy
This Asia-centered world economy had
been taking shape since the rise of Islam
in the seventh century.
Trade was done by Shipping mostly with
Arabs.
Traders bought Chinese porcelain and
silk in Canton and Malaysia. Europeans
shipped Indonesian spices via the Red
and Mediterranean seas.
Piracy was common, but manageable.
Merchant groups, often organized on
ethnic or religious lines, maintained
insurance funds to ransom any members
captured at sea.
Portuguese tried to take control of
trading by blockade.
Portuguese ships dealt harshly with
those whom they caught violating their
monopoly--sinking ships, bombarding
ports, and burning crops-they could not
truly rule the ocean.
3. The Economic Cultures of Drugs
The fact is that historically, goods
considered drugs, that is, products
ingested, smoked, sniffed, or drunk to
produce an altered state of being, have
been central to exchange and
consumption.
In the seventeenth century affluent
people all over the world began to drink,
smoke, and eat exotic plants that came
from long distances. Coffee, tea, cocoa,
tobacco, and sugar all became popular at
roughly the same time. Both European
and Asian consumers became addicted
to these American, Asian, and African
products
4. Aztec Trades
Spanish and the Portuguese
immediately controlled their Trades.
The Europeans mind set was Indian
were Inferior Race, so Aztecs were
uninterested in European goods
and the broader world.
The Aztecs trades occurred in
Mesoamerica.
Bowls, knives, combs, blankets,
and featherwork were their primary
goods
Chocolate, Cacao, Gold, jaguar
pelts, honey and rubber
5. Potatoes
The potato, "discovered" by Spanish
soldiers in the Peruvian Andes in the
1550s.
Considered a second-class food even in
its homeland, it had never made it north
of Colombia.
Spanish sailors carried potatoes to the
Philippines, In Asia, the same
advantages that made potatoes popular.
China feed the growing population on
potatoes.
Ireland and Russia were the first
Europeans to live on potatoes.
6. Sweet Revolutions
Sweetness was a taste little known to
mankind before the early modern period.
Honey was the only natural sweetener
and it was not in great or widespread
supply. People had to rely on bland diets
of gruel, or rice, or tortillas. Only
seasonal fruits relieved the tedium.
Sugar began its march to global
acceptance in the Far East or perhaps
the South Pacific. A tall grass, it was first
domesticated in India by 300 B.C., but
spread slowly.
The Arabs were the first great sugar
cultivators
A thousand years later it had reached
China, Japan, and the Middle East.
Egyptian sugar was regarded as the
world's finest.
7. Where There’s Smoke
Columbus had seen natives smoking the
stuff on his first trip to what he thought
was the easternmost extension of Asia's
estate.
natives smoked, cooked, licked, ate, and
snorted tobacco.
They offered tobacco to their gods
In Brazil, Tupinamba Indians smoked and then
went "three or four days without eating
anything anything,"
Tobacco plantations spread across the
Virginia countryside, eating forests in
their paths
8. Mocca is not Chocolate
Coffee originally came from the Middle
East.
Europeans were slow to adopt the coffee
habit for several reasons. ( Muslim drink,
Turkish fashion of a very thick, hot, black
unsweetened drink did not please
European palates)
9. Chocolate
The cacao bean had been prized in
Mesoamerica since before the time of
Christ.
The Americas' first civilization, used
cacao and in turn passed on the custom
to the Maya.
Cacao was considered to be a stimulant,
intoxicant, hallucinogen, and
aphrodisiac.
Chocolate today is a sweet treat, a small
indulgence.