2. CHAPTER 2: DIEGO VASICUIO
PERU
Time when they lived:
(1580-1670s) Vasicuio was
over 90 years old when he
appeared in 1671 to answer
to charges against him
The place/colony where
they lived: Village of
Salamanca
Their group: Sorimana cult,
permanent settlement of
Buenos Aires
Their gender: male
Their occupation: Native
Priest
*He and others would try to
convert others to Christianity
General history:
*Scribe who recorded the
testimonies given in the
heresy investigations (1671-
San Francisco de los Chichas)
*Vasicuio was the chief priest
and custodian of the god,
Sorimana, and a huge
promoter of his cult
3. CHAPTER 7: MARTIN OCELOT
MEXICO-NEW SPAIN
Time when they lived:
(1496-1537)
The place/colony where
they lived:
*Him and his family lived in the
Village of Chinanta
*He moved to The City of
Tetzcoco
Their group: Aztecs
Their gender: male
Their occupation:
*He was a cult leader
*Tried to convert Indians to
Christianity
General history:
*He was a youthful religious
prodigy
*He predicted the coming of
men who would try to take
over Tlatoani
*It was thought that he was
impending the Christianization
of the natives
4. CHAPTER 9: JUAN DE MORGA &
GERTRUDIS DE ESCOBAR
MEXICO-NEW SPAIN
Time when they lived: middle years of
the 17th century (Juan was born 1627)
The place/colony where they lived:
*Juan-Oazaca
*Gertrudis-Mexico City
Their group: Spanish American
Coloney-Mulatta
Their gender:
*Juan-male
*Gertrudis-female
Their occupation: Both rebellious
slaves
*Juan fought to stay alive
*Gertrudis escaped and escaped again
always to be found and brought back
General history:
*Juan’s master was brutal and cruel
*Juan had his own ideas and wouldn’t be
told what to do easily
*He seemed to always be in trouble or
punished by him owner
*He made a pact with the Devil
*Gertrudis was sold into slavery at only 14
by her own family
*She worked on a sugar cane farm where
her owner was incredibly cruel to her
*She was always trying to escape and
getting found and then punished
5. CHAPTER 11: ISABEL MOCTEZUMA
MEXICO-NEW SPAIN
Time when they lived: (1509-
1550)
The place/colony where they
lived: Central Mexico,
Tenochtitlan City
Their group: Aztecs
Their gender: female
Their occupation: Pioneer of
Mestizaje, one of the prominent
Indian women in colonial Mexico
General history:
*Isabel received the revenues and
income from the town of
Marquesado, this made her a very
wealthy woman
*She had many husbands because
they didn’t survive long
*She served as an example to the
natives of Tacuba of a devout
Catholic woman who bridged the
Spaniard and Indian worlds
*When Isabel died her estate was to
be split between her newest
children
*This ended up creating a was
within the family
6. CHAPTER 13: BEATRIZ DE PADILLA
MEXICO-NEW SPAIN
Time when they lived:
(1620-c.1650)
The place/colony where
they lived: town of Lagos,
near Guadalajara in western
New Spain
Their group: Morisca
Their gender: female
Their occupation: Mistress
and Mother
General history:
*She was accused of causing
dreadful and mysterious things
to two of her lovers
*She was once a slave herself
and now was cruel to her own
slaves
*Her accusers thought that
there was no way that a women
like her could catch the eye of
such important men without
using magic procedures
*Beatriz was acquitted of all
charges
7. CHAPTER 16: MIGUEL HERNANDEZ
MEXICO-NEW SPAIN
Time when they lived: (1550-
1604)
The place/colony where they
lived: Born in Mexico City and
moved to Qúeretaro, a small
farming town
Their group: Mulatto
Their gender: male
Their occupation: Master of
Mule Trains
General history:
*He created a rich and rewarding
life in the face of difficult
circumstances
*Hernandez became one of the
leading mulatto citizens because he
was free, literate, and skilled
*Miguel began building a freight
business which became more and
more lucrative
*His property and family made him
a man of the town
*He managed to over come the
stereotypes of mulattos by his
excellent business and people skills
8. CHAPTER 18: ENRICO MARTINEZ
MEXICO-NEW SPAIN
Time when they lived: (1557-1632)
The place/colony where they lived:
Born in Hamburg, parents moved to
Seville, tried to establish himself in
Mexico City, in his 30’s landed in
Veracruz
Their group: Artisan subgroup of
Seville
Their gender: male
Their occupation:
*Printer and engineer, scientist and
public official
*Chief engineer of the drainage works
designed to prevent flooding in Mexico
City
General history:
*Enrico was very educated
*He wrote a book called The Reportorio,
it was the only book of its kind published
in Spanish America
*Enrico was imprisoned in 1629 for
sabotaging his own work on desagüe
*That year there was unusually heavy
rains that lead to the worst flood in the
colony's history. The drainage works
that Enrico built failed badly.
*He often went against the grain
9. THE AZTECS
CHAPTER 1: TULA, THE MYTHICAL BEGINNING
The Toltecs of Tula will always remain the unequaled masters
of all material, technical, and intellectual refinements of
civilization
Toward the middle of the 12th century the Toltec period
collapsed
Toltec was synonymous with nobility, authority, and legitimacy
Aztec is generally used to refer to the people of the Valley of
Mexico
The Mexica had been waiting for a sign, an eagle perched on
a cactus, this showed them where to settle at Tlatelolco
Texcoco (Athens of America) became the center of refined
civilization
The Triple Alliance of the Mexica broke Tepance power and
took control of Tepance land. The Triple Alliance was soon to
be the “Aztec empire”
10. CHAPTER 2: THE EMPIRE BUILDERS
Moctezuma I was to be known as the father of the Aztec
empire
A series of catastrophes like flooding, locusts, frosts,
and disastrous harvests spread panic through the valley
The Aztecs would capture people to sacrifice to the
gods. They would organize campaigns to find offerings.
They called this Wars of the Flowers.
Moctezuma seized Coixtlahuaca in 1458
Your rank was marked with clothing and jewelry and was
fixed with strict rules
The empire resembled a spider web, the Triple Alliance
at the center with thousands of networks
Moctezuma conquered Chalco after 20 years of war
11. CHAPTER 3: THE AZTECS, CONQUERING
HEROES
In 1473 Tlatelolco rose up against Tenochtitlan
Thousands of men and women were sacrificed in
1487
The Aztecs thought that if the gods were not fed the
world would come to a end
Under Moctezuma II, the Aztec system was
changed from crude democracy to one of absolute
power
12. CHAPTER 4: THE CLASH OF TWO WORLDS
In 1517 the first Spanish expedition made it to the
coasts of Mexico
Moctezuma thought that the explores were the
prophesied return of the god Quetzalcoatl
Cortes made a union with those who stood up to the
Aztecs
The Aztecs weaknesses were: the inferiority of their
weapons, Moctezuma’s hesitation, and the discontent of
the subject peoples
The Aztecs and the Spaniards were in different worlds
The Spaniards are said to have killed ten thousand
Aztecs
On 1521 the Aztecs empire collapsed
240,000 people are said to have died in Tenochtitlan
13. CHAPTER 5: FROM RESISTANCE TO
COLLABORATION
Cortes demanded that all Indians convert to Christianity
and demanded an end to human sacrifices
The Aztecs clergy was forced to leave its sanctuaries
and practice its rite in secret
Over a hundred languages were spoken in New Spain
Monks tried to Christianize the ruling class hoping that
the rest of the population would follow
Moctezuma’s daughter, Tecuichpotzin was baptized after
the conquest and married a conquistador
Indians learned to read and write under the Monks
guidance
Christianity ruined the rules of the way of life and even
the way of life itself for the Indians
14. CHAPTER 6: THE AFTERMATH OF THE
CONQUEST
The 17th and 18th centuries were filled with conflicts
and lawsuits between Indians and hacendados
In the 17th century Indians started to create a
unique Christianity that allowed them to intragrate
their cultures
Alcoholism struck a huge part of the indigenous
people
The revolution in 1910 put slavery to a end
15. HISTORY OF SPAIN
The Kingdom of Spain was created in 1492
Christopher Columbus set out to develop the Spanish
Empire
Spain was the most powerful state in Europe and the
biggest global power during the 16th and 17th centuries
The earliest record of hominids living in Europe was
found in the Spanish cave of Atapuerca
Medieval Spain was the scene of almost constant
warfare between Muslims and Christians
The Spanish Empire was one of the first modern global
empires
Between 1975 and 1982 Spain moved from a
dictatorship to a democratic state
16. VICEROYALTY OF PERU
Viceroyalty of Peru was a Spanish colonial
administrative district and contained Spanish-ruled
South America
The Spanish conquested Peru in (1532-37)
Buenos Aires and Paraguay were both dependencies of
the Viceroyalty of Peru
The independence of Peru was on July 28, 1821
Spain kept trying to take back Peru but their attempts
didn’t work and in 1879 Spain finally recognized Peru’s
independence
Once the Viceroyalty of Peru was established, gold and
silver enriched the conquerors and Peru became the
principal source of Spanish wealth and power in South
America
17. SPANISH EAST INDIES
Spanish East Indies are Spanish territories in Asia-
Pacific
Territories in Asia claimed by the Spanish crown
were governed by the Viceroyalty of New Spain in
Mexico City
For over 256 years the Spanish East Indies were
governed by a governor-captain general and an
audiencia
Spain left great influence to the Asia-Pacific
colonies: religion, tools, technology, and cuisine
Descendants of Spanish and Latin American
settlers are known as mestizos
