This study evaluated the effects of different application methods and concentrations of the seaweed extract AfriKelp LG-1 on tomato seedling health and yield. Seedlings were treated with AfriKelp via dipping or spraying at concentrations of 1:250, 1:500, and 1:1000 and grown for 8 weeks. All AfriKelp treatments significantly increased shoot and root growth compared to the control. The highest yield was from a 1:500 dip at transplant followed by biweekly 2 L/ha sprays at 1:500. This treatment produced more fruits than lower concentrations, indicating that AfriKelp can improve plant development and fruit yield.
The document discusses the use of nanoparticles for drug delivery. It notes that nanoparticles have advantages over traditional tablets and suspensions for drug delivery due to their small size, which allows for greater bioavailability and targeting of specific tissues. The size of nanoparticles is important as it influences dissolution rate and can allow particles to cross cell membranes if small enough. The document then covers various methods for creating nanoparticles, including top-down size reduction techniques and bottom-up assembly approaches. It also discusses how particle sizing instruments like dynamic light scattering and laser diffraction can be used to characterize nanoparticles and ensure batches meet the necessary specifications for drug delivery.
Characterizing Nanoparticles used in Bio ApplicationsHORIBA Particle
Mark Bumiller from HORIBA Particle discusses current measurement technologies for investigating nanoparticles used in biologic and biotech applications.
This presentation is archived with the original webinar video in the Download Center at www.horiba.com/us/particle.
Spotlight on Analytical Applications e-Zine - Volume 11PerkinElmer, Inc.
This document provides key analytical applications to help laboratories address the pressing concerns of the changing global landscape. Specifically, Volume 11 includes applications for Energy & Industrial, Environmental, Food & Beverage, Pharmaceuticals & Nutraceuticals and Forensics & Toxicology.
WQD2011 - KAIZEN - SRF Oversear Ltd - To reduce the process scrap from 800kg ...Dubai Quality Group
1. The document summarizes a Kaizen report from SRF Limited's manufacturing department that aimed to reduce process scrap in their CTC dipping machine from 800kg to 400kg per month.
2. The root cause of high scrap was identified as the accumulation of transferred dipping solution in the baffle box, which was made of mild steel and contaminated the solution.
3. To address this, the team modified the material of the baffle box from mild steel to stainless steel, allowing the excess solution to be reused rather than becoming scrap.
1) Green Pacific Biologicals has developed a genetic engineering platform that enables more stable and efficient nuclear gene expression in eukaryotic algae.
2) The platform allows for rapid genetic engineering of algae to increase carbon fixation and oil production through techniques such as increasing carbon flux into oil and implementing efficient oil secretion.
3) Modeling by Green Pacific Biologicals and a professor at Cal Poly suggests their oil secretion approach could lower the cost of algal biofuels production to $50 per barrel, compared to over $400 per barrel for conventional approaches.
This was a poster that was presented at the Combined Congress at Stellenbosch University in 2009. It lists the effects of how seaweed extracts and starter solutions contribute towards reducing transplant shock in tomato seedlings
This document discusses identifying local copepod species from the Mlalazi estuary in South Africa that can be used as live feed for fish larvae. Currently, South African fish hatcheries rely on imported live feed, but copepods are a desirable natural food source for fish larvae due to their nutrition. This study treated copepods from the Mlalazi estuary with different temperature and salinity levels to determine which species are most robust, as the first step to identifying suitable local copepods that can replace imported live feeds and improve fish larvae production.
The document discusses the use of nanoparticles for drug delivery. It notes that nanoparticles have advantages over traditional tablets and suspensions for drug delivery due to their small size, which allows for greater bioavailability and targeting of specific tissues. The size of nanoparticles is important as it influences dissolution rate and can allow particles to cross cell membranes if small enough. The document then covers various methods for creating nanoparticles, including top-down size reduction techniques and bottom-up assembly approaches. It also discusses how particle sizing instruments like dynamic light scattering and laser diffraction can be used to characterize nanoparticles and ensure batches meet the necessary specifications for drug delivery.
Characterizing Nanoparticles used in Bio ApplicationsHORIBA Particle
Mark Bumiller from HORIBA Particle discusses current measurement technologies for investigating nanoparticles used in biologic and biotech applications.
This presentation is archived with the original webinar video in the Download Center at www.horiba.com/us/particle.
Spotlight on Analytical Applications e-Zine - Volume 11PerkinElmer, Inc.
This document provides key analytical applications to help laboratories address the pressing concerns of the changing global landscape. Specifically, Volume 11 includes applications for Energy & Industrial, Environmental, Food & Beverage, Pharmaceuticals & Nutraceuticals and Forensics & Toxicology.
WQD2011 - KAIZEN - SRF Oversear Ltd - To reduce the process scrap from 800kg ...Dubai Quality Group
1. The document summarizes a Kaizen report from SRF Limited's manufacturing department that aimed to reduce process scrap in their CTC dipping machine from 800kg to 400kg per month.
2. The root cause of high scrap was identified as the accumulation of transferred dipping solution in the baffle box, which was made of mild steel and contaminated the solution.
3. To address this, the team modified the material of the baffle box from mild steel to stainless steel, allowing the excess solution to be reused rather than becoming scrap.
1) Green Pacific Biologicals has developed a genetic engineering platform that enables more stable and efficient nuclear gene expression in eukaryotic algae.
2) The platform allows for rapid genetic engineering of algae to increase carbon fixation and oil production through techniques such as increasing carbon flux into oil and implementing efficient oil secretion.
3) Modeling by Green Pacific Biologicals and a professor at Cal Poly suggests their oil secretion approach could lower the cost of algal biofuels production to $50 per barrel, compared to over $400 per barrel for conventional approaches.
This was a poster that was presented at the Combined Congress at Stellenbosch University in 2009. It lists the effects of how seaweed extracts and starter solutions contribute towards reducing transplant shock in tomato seedlings
This document discusses identifying local copepod species from the Mlalazi estuary in South Africa that can be used as live feed for fish larvae. Currently, South African fish hatcheries rely on imported live feed, but copepods are a desirable natural food source for fish larvae due to their nutrition. This study treated copepods from the Mlalazi estuary with different temperature and salinity levels to determine which species are most robust, as the first step to identifying suitable local copepods that can replace imported live feeds and improve fish larvae production.
S Pillay, Dr. A. J. Smit, Dr Deborah Robertson-Andersson. Submitted to the ninth Scientific Symposium of the Western Indian Ocean Marine Science (WIOMSA) 2015.
Kaveera Singh, Surina Singh, Gan Moodley, Deborah Robertson-Andersson. Presented at the ninth Scientific Symposium of the Western Indian Ocean Marine Science (WIOMSA) 2015.
This study investigated nitrogen pollution levels along the south coast of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It examined three estuaries - Hibberdene (Mhlungwa Estuary), Margate (Kongweni Estuary with WWTP), and Port Edward (Umtamvuna Estuary) - to determine if each was eutrophic. Nitrogen levels were also analyzed at increasing distances from the estuary mouths in associated rocky shore habitats. Statistical analyses found significant differences in nitrogen pollution among the three sites, with rocky shores supplemented by nutrients from estuarine sources. The study recommends monitoring both estuaries and rocky shores to better understand impacts, and developing more wastewater treatment
Deborah Robertson-Andersson, Judy Mann-Lang, Monica Maroun, Shana Mian & Christa Panos. Presented at the Symposium of Contemporary Conservation Practice 2015.
This document discusses the use of rubrics to enhance student scientific writing skills. It provides examples of rubrics used to assess student work in biology, chemistry, geology, and physics. The document outlines benefits of using rubrics such as making learning criteria and standards visible to students. Data is presented comparing student performance and pass rates from 2013 to 2015, finding that use of rubrics corresponded with improved student marks and higher pass rates. However, strikes impacted student performance in 2015 and gains were not consistently observed that year. Overall, the document advocates for the use of rubrics in assessment as part of the teaching and learning process.
The document discusses using a detailed rubric to evaluate student scientific writing skills across four life science disciplines in a marine biology module. A rubric was created using Bloom's taxonomy and applied to assess student reports in 2013, which showed significant grader bias. In 2014, the same rubric was used and found to eliminate bias while students' writing improved with a 22% increase between first and last reports, leading to a 22% rise in pass rates overall compared to the previous year without a rubric.
Copepods are a desired live feed for fish larvae due to their high nutritional value and small size. This study identified robust sub-tropical copepod species from the Mlalazi estuary in South Africa that could be used to feed Dusky Kob larvae. Copepods were subjected to different temperatures from 10-40°C and salinities from 10-40 PSU over 48 hours to determine their tolerance ranges. Identifying local copepod species that can survive a wide range of conditions will help increase fish larvae production and nutrition while decreasing costs compared to imported feeds or those requiring enrichment.
1) The document discusses aquaculture and aquaponics systems for balancing food production, economic development, and environmental impact reduction. It outlines various challenges with aquaculture including institutional failures and lack of infrastructure.
2) Two honors students conducted a study comparing plant growth and fish mortality in goldfish vs koi aquaponics systems, finding koi systems produced greater growth. They also analyzed costs/benefits of the systems.
3) Aquaponics has potential as a "leapfrog technology" but depends on support from government, hatcheries, and a network of suppliers like the electric grid or mobile network.
Aquaponics systems often require production fish like tilapia as a protein source, but this increases costs and complexity. Using ornamental fish instead could increase project success by providing a cheap, easy to cultivate waste source. This study tested a backyard raft aquaponics system using goldfish or koi as the waste source under LED lights or sunlight. Koi fish supported better plant growth than goldfish, and LED lights did not significantly impact growth compared to sunlight. Using ornamental fish is an example of "leapfrog technology" that could make aquaponics more economically viable.
Travis Kunnen, Gan Moodley, Deborah Roberston-Andersson. Presented at the ninth Scientific Symposium of the Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association (WIOMSA) 2015
Travis Kunnen, Ursula Scharler, David Muir. Presented at the ninth Scientific Symposium of the Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association (WIOMSA) 2015.
Refilwe Mofokeng, Gemma Gerber, Mathew Coote, Sipho Mkhize, Deborah Robertson-Andersson, Gan Moodley. Presented at the Symposium of Contemporary Conservation Practice 2015.
Raeesah Ameen, Gan Moodley, Deborah Robertson-Andersson. Presented at the ninth Scientific Symposium of the Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association (WIOMSA) 2015.
Gemma Gerber, Thembani Mkhize, Deborah Robertson-Andersson, Gan Moodley. Presented the the ninth Scientific Symposium of the Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association (WIOMSA) 2015.
Kaveera Singh, Surina Singh, Gan Moodley, Deborah Robertson-Andersson. Presented at the ninth Scientific Symposium of the Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association (WIOMSA) 2015.
This document presents a novel methodology for separating microplastics (<500μm) from particulate organic matter (POM) in water samples. Current separation methods are inefficient at separating suspended microplastics and POM due to similarities in size and density. The developed method uses a two-phase separation where a non-polar solvent is added to draw microplastics into a separate immiscible layer that can be removed and analyzed. Testing recovered over 90% of fluorescent polyethylene terephthalate and polypropylene microplastics added but only 1% of denser polyethylene terephthalate microbeads. This accurate separation method allows for investigation of microplastic ingestion and effects in marine organisms and ecosystems.
1) The study aims to determine the effects of microplastic consumption and retention in marine fish by examining microplastic settlement times, gut retention times in various fish species, and the physiological impacts of prolonged microplastic consumption.
2) Preliminary results found that smaller microplastics remain bioavailable and are retained in fish guts longer than larger ones, and that microplastics can serve as a delivery mechanism for pollutants by remaining in fish guts for extended periods.
3) Future experiments will examine the impacts of prolonged microplastic exposure on fish physiology and determine if microplastics can pass through the gut lining into tissues.
Following on from a successful presentation to the Reciculation council members earlier in 2004, I was asked to make this presentation which should be titled why abalone farmers should grow seaweeds.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
S Pillay, Dr. A. J. Smit, Dr Deborah Robertson-Andersson. Submitted to the ninth Scientific Symposium of the Western Indian Ocean Marine Science (WIOMSA) 2015.
Kaveera Singh, Surina Singh, Gan Moodley, Deborah Robertson-Andersson. Presented at the ninth Scientific Symposium of the Western Indian Ocean Marine Science (WIOMSA) 2015.
This study investigated nitrogen pollution levels along the south coast of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It examined three estuaries - Hibberdene (Mhlungwa Estuary), Margate (Kongweni Estuary with WWTP), and Port Edward (Umtamvuna Estuary) - to determine if each was eutrophic. Nitrogen levels were also analyzed at increasing distances from the estuary mouths in associated rocky shore habitats. Statistical analyses found significant differences in nitrogen pollution among the three sites, with rocky shores supplemented by nutrients from estuarine sources. The study recommends monitoring both estuaries and rocky shores to better understand impacts, and developing more wastewater treatment
Deborah Robertson-Andersson, Judy Mann-Lang, Monica Maroun, Shana Mian & Christa Panos. Presented at the Symposium of Contemporary Conservation Practice 2015.
This document discusses the use of rubrics to enhance student scientific writing skills. It provides examples of rubrics used to assess student work in biology, chemistry, geology, and physics. The document outlines benefits of using rubrics such as making learning criteria and standards visible to students. Data is presented comparing student performance and pass rates from 2013 to 2015, finding that use of rubrics corresponded with improved student marks and higher pass rates. However, strikes impacted student performance in 2015 and gains were not consistently observed that year. Overall, the document advocates for the use of rubrics in assessment as part of the teaching and learning process.
The document discusses using a detailed rubric to evaluate student scientific writing skills across four life science disciplines in a marine biology module. A rubric was created using Bloom's taxonomy and applied to assess student reports in 2013, which showed significant grader bias. In 2014, the same rubric was used and found to eliminate bias while students' writing improved with a 22% increase between first and last reports, leading to a 22% rise in pass rates overall compared to the previous year without a rubric.
Copepods are a desired live feed for fish larvae due to their high nutritional value and small size. This study identified robust sub-tropical copepod species from the Mlalazi estuary in South Africa that could be used to feed Dusky Kob larvae. Copepods were subjected to different temperatures from 10-40°C and salinities from 10-40 PSU over 48 hours to determine their tolerance ranges. Identifying local copepod species that can survive a wide range of conditions will help increase fish larvae production and nutrition while decreasing costs compared to imported feeds or those requiring enrichment.
1) The document discusses aquaculture and aquaponics systems for balancing food production, economic development, and environmental impact reduction. It outlines various challenges with aquaculture including institutional failures and lack of infrastructure.
2) Two honors students conducted a study comparing plant growth and fish mortality in goldfish vs koi aquaponics systems, finding koi systems produced greater growth. They also analyzed costs/benefits of the systems.
3) Aquaponics has potential as a "leapfrog technology" but depends on support from government, hatcheries, and a network of suppliers like the electric grid or mobile network.
Aquaponics systems often require production fish like tilapia as a protein source, but this increases costs and complexity. Using ornamental fish instead could increase project success by providing a cheap, easy to cultivate waste source. This study tested a backyard raft aquaponics system using goldfish or koi as the waste source under LED lights or sunlight. Koi fish supported better plant growth than goldfish, and LED lights did not significantly impact growth compared to sunlight. Using ornamental fish is an example of "leapfrog technology" that could make aquaponics more economically viable.
Travis Kunnen, Gan Moodley, Deborah Roberston-Andersson. Presented at the ninth Scientific Symposium of the Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association (WIOMSA) 2015
Travis Kunnen, Ursula Scharler, David Muir. Presented at the ninth Scientific Symposium of the Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association (WIOMSA) 2015.
Refilwe Mofokeng, Gemma Gerber, Mathew Coote, Sipho Mkhize, Deborah Robertson-Andersson, Gan Moodley. Presented at the Symposium of Contemporary Conservation Practice 2015.
Raeesah Ameen, Gan Moodley, Deborah Robertson-Andersson. Presented at the ninth Scientific Symposium of the Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association (WIOMSA) 2015.
Gemma Gerber, Thembani Mkhize, Deborah Robertson-Andersson, Gan Moodley. Presented the the ninth Scientific Symposium of the Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association (WIOMSA) 2015.
Kaveera Singh, Surina Singh, Gan Moodley, Deborah Robertson-Andersson. Presented at the ninth Scientific Symposium of the Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association (WIOMSA) 2015.
This document presents a novel methodology for separating microplastics (<500μm) from particulate organic matter (POM) in water samples. Current separation methods are inefficient at separating suspended microplastics and POM due to similarities in size and density. The developed method uses a two-phase separation where a non-polar solvent is added to draw microplastics into a separate immiscible layer that can be removed and analyzed. Testing recovered over 90% of fluorescent polyethylene terephthalate and polypropylene microplastics added but only 1% of denser polyethylene terephthalate microbeads. This accurate separation method allows for investigation of microplastic ingestion and effects in marine organisms and ecosystems.
1) The study aims to determine the effects of microplastic consumption and retention in marine fish by examining microplastic settlement times, gut retention times in various fish species, and the physiological impacts of prolonged microplastic consumption.
2) Preliminary results found that smaller microplastics remain bioavailable and are retained in fish guts longer than larger ones, and that microplastics can serve as a delivery mechanism for pollutants by remaining in fish guts for extended periods.
3) Future experiments will examine the impacts of prolonged microplastic exposure on fish physiology and determine if microplastics can pass through the gut lining into tissues.
Following on from a successful presentation to the Reciculation council members earlier in 2004, I was asked to make this presentation which should be titled why abalone farmers should grow seaweeds.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
How to Manage Reception Report in Odoo 17Celine George
A business may deal with both sales and purchases occasionally. They buy things from vendors and then sell them to their customers. Such dealings can be confusing at times. Because multiple clients may inquire about the same product at the same time, after purchasing those products, customers must be assigned to them. Odoo has a tool called Reception Report that can be used to complete this assignment. By enabling this, a reception report comes automatically after confirming a receipt, from which we can assign products to orders.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
How to Download & Install Module From the Odoo App Store in Odoo 17Celine George
Custom modules offer the flexibility to extend Odoo's capabilities, address unique requirements, and optimize workflows to align seamlessly with your organization's processes. By leveraging custom modules, businesses can unlock greater efficiency, productivity, and innovation, empowering them to stay competitive in today's dynamic market landscape. In this tutorial, we'll guide you step by step on how to easily download and install modules from the Odoo App Store.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
THE EFFECTS OF AFRIKELP® LG-1, VERMICOMPOST LEACHATE, EFFECTIVE MICROORGANISM AND COMPOST TEA ON TOMATO SEEDLING HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT
1. THE EFFECTS OF AFRIKELP® LG-1, VERMICOMPOST
LEACHATE, EFFECTIVE MICROORGANISM AND
COMPOST TEA ON TOMATO SEEDLING HEALTH AND
DEVELOPMENT
B, Nzanza , Deborah Robertson-Andersson and Diana Marais
1 2 3
1. Natuurboedery Research Center, ZZ2 Farms, P. O Box 19 Mooketsi, 0825
2. Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535
3. Department of Plant production and Soil Science, University of Pretoria
Email first author:bombiti@zz2.biz
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
INTRODUCTION
Poster 2… • Shoot length showed the greatest increases compared to the control, with all applications
Commercial seaweed extracts have been proposed to have a wide range of effects on
having significantly longer shoots compared to the control (Fig 5)
crop plants and the literature is full of these examples (See Stirk et al. 2003, 2004 for
• The root length data showed greater variability with indications that higher applications are
review). AfriKelp® LG-1 is a locally manufactured seaweed extract made from Ecklonia maxima
Fig 4. Fig. 5
more beneficial and increase root growth.
Osbeck Papenfuss via a cool fragmentation technology. As this method differs from other
seaweed extract technologies there may be differences in hormonal efficacy.
• All applications of AfriKelp® LG-1 had significantly longer roots and shoots
1:500
as compared to the control except the dip 1:1000 with a 2 L (1:500) per
OBJECTIVE ha spray application. this was the most dilute application.
The objective of these experiments was to determine the effects of different applications of
seaweed extract (AfriKelp® LG-1) application on the shoots, roots and yield of Nemo-Netta
Poster 2 : Fig 1
tomato seedlings following transplanting via a cool fragmentation technology.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
• The experiment was conducted at 1:250
Natuurboedery Research Center , Mooketsi FIGURE 5
Station, Limpopo Province during winter –spring Effect of Afrikelp on
plant growth
2008
• Tomato seedlings Nemo-Netta were supplied by
Hishtill SA nurseries after 4 weeks growth and TABLE 1 Number of fruits and flowers as influenced by Afrikelp applications
an average height of 10 cm (+ 1 cm) (Fig. 1)
TREATMENT Root Length Shoot length Stem diameter Dry root: shoot
ratio
DIP SPRAY cm cm cm
Poster 2 : Fig 2
FIGURE 1
Three weeks old Tomato
1:250 1:250 52.7a 64.0a 8.3a 0.3a
• Treatments consisted of a control a dip for three
1:250 1:500 48.2a 65.8a 6.5a 0.3a
minutes of 1:1000; 1:500 and 1:250 AfriKelp®
1:500 1:250 50.5a 68.6a 9.2a 0.3a
LG-1 solution.
• This was then followed by spray applications of 1:500 1:500 51.3a 62.9a 7.0a 0.4a
2 or 4 Litres at twice weekly intervals.
1:1000 1:250 51.0a 67.3a 7.8a 0.3a
• The trial was laid out in a linear fashion with
each treatment having twelve replicates 1:1000 1:500 41.5b 62.2a 6.8a 0.3a
(Fig. 2).
CONTROL 40.2b 44.6b 6.0a 0.3a
F-test * * ns ns
FIGURE 2
Overview of the Trial
• Application of Afrikelp significantly increased the number of fruits and flowers per plant
• Tomato seedlings were transplanted into pot regardless of the mode of application (drip or spray) (Table 1).
filled with compost and sawdust (Fig. 3) • The number of fruits per plant (eight weeks after transplanting) decreased with decreasing
• Plant nutrition, pest and disease management foliar application (Fig. 6)
followed ZZ2 protocols. • The best yield was obtained with 1:500 at transplant followed by foliar spray of 1:500 .
• Plants were destructively harvested at three- However, this was not significantly different to higher Afrikelp applications (1:250) (Data
week interval. not shown)
Poster 2…
30
25
FIGURE 3
Fig 4. Fig. 5
Figure 3
Tomato seedling transplanted into pot
20
• The plant height (shoot length), CONTROL
root length and stem diameter (ø) Series1
15
were measured (Fig. 4). Series2
• Plants were also dried 50 ºC for
70 hours to obtain a dry root to 10
shoot ratio.
• Results were analysed statistically 5
using SAS followed by a Turkey
LSD post hoc test. 0
1:250/1:250 1:250/1:500 1:500/1:250 1:500/1:500 1:1000/1:250 1:1000/1:500 control
1:1000
FIGURE 4 Series 1
FIGURE 6
Plant height measurement Number of fruits and flowers as influenced by Afrikelp applications
Series 2
CONCLUSION
The best application to use in terms of fruit yield was a 1:500 drench followed by biweekly applications of 2 L of AfriKelp® LG-1 per hectare. This indicates
that seedling health and plant development can be improved through the use of sea weed extract.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors wish to thank Hishtill SA, ZZ2 and Afrikelp for providing products and funding for this research. Special thanks to Shlomo Zuker, Rone Strauss, Noman, Philemon Mogale and the
Natuurboedery staff.
REFERENCES
Stirk, W. A.; Novák, O.; Strnad, M. & van Staden, J. 2003. Cytokinins in macroalgae. Plant Growth Regulation 41: 13-24
Stirk WA, GD Arthur, AF Lourens, O Novák, M Strnad & J van Staden 2004. Changes in cytokinin and auxin concentrations
in seaweed concentrates when stored at an elevated temperature. Journal of Applied Phycology 16: 31 – 39.