The Druids were priests in ancient Celtic society who were responsible for religious rituals and acted as teachers, doctors, lawyers, and astronomers. They were divided into groups focused on religious worship, storytelling, and divination. Druids underwent 20 years of study with other Druids, learning poetry, philosophy, astronomy, and Celtic lore. Their religious ceremonies centered around natural elements and sacrifice, though human sacrifice was rare. As priests, Druids held significant political power and privileges in Celtic communities.

2. The word “druid” has a Celtic origin and it comes from the union of
two words: “dru” that means oak and “vir” that means sapience.

3. Who were they?
The Druids were the priests in the Celtic society so they were responsible of all
religious rituals, because they were the chosen ones that could talk to God. In
addition, they were also the guardians of the “sacred natural order”, teachers,
doctors, lawyers and astronomers. For this reason the Celtic people went to them
for everything. For example, if a child was sick, the Celts went to the Druids, who
might cure the child with medicine made by some plants. If two members of a clan
had a quarrel the chief of the druids judged who was right and who was in mistake
and he established penalties and, if someone disobeyed his decree, he couldn't do
sacrifices, which was considered the heaviest between punishments.

4. According to Druids’ activities, they were divided in three groups:
 The Druids engaged in religious worships
 The Druids who were poets and singers that told stories about the great
deeds of heros
 The Druids who were considered soothsayers, called also “magicians”

5. The Druids had a lot of privileges thanks to their position in Celtic society.
For instance, they were abstained from military service and they didn’t pay
taxes.
They had also the same politic power of the king, who was chosen by
them.

6. Their ceremonies
The Druids gathered in the Sacred wood, the heart of every Celtic
population, where they held their ceremonies. Once a year, Druids
assembled here in order to choose their chief who was submitted to
the judgment of the Druids.
After the death of their chief, another one was appointed. But if there
were Druids with equal merits, the others voted, although they
sometimes resorted to armed violence.

7. For becoming a druid, it had to study with the druids for twenty years.
There was a lot to learn, in fact they studied for example, ancient poetry,
natural philosophy, astronomy and the Celtic lore.

8. In general, they worshipped the natural elements, such as the Sun, the Moon, the trees
and also the water. This was considered the door to the world after death and the holy
element which generates life. Moreover they
believed in the transmigration of the soul from one person to another one and they
thought that a man after death could still on the earth in hills, in forest or caves.

9. Gods
OGMIOS MORRIGAN ESUS TEUTATES

10. Sacrifices
For the Celts one way to communicate with the spiritual world, so with gods, was
through sacrifices.
For this reason, every year, there were five big ceremonies where the Druids
offered to the gods some sacrifices, and more precious was the sacrifice, more
powerful was the act of gods.
However, today we know that the belief which the Druids were bloodthirsty
executioners is false.
In fact they sacrificed, above all, animals. Human sacrifices were done in particular
cases: for example when a man was gravely sick or in danger of death in battle.
In these cases, they preferred to sacrifice criminals, but if they weren’t enough, the
Druids added to them prisoners of wars and if was necessary, innocent victims too.
These men were put in huge wicker cages and then they were burnt alive with
everything in.

11. Sources
The tradition of the Celts was essentially oral and so they didn’t write
about themselves. In fact, the Druids learnt by heart everything. For this
reason nothing is survived about them, neither in translated form nor in
legends in a druidic form.
The only survived testimonials about Celts were interpreted by the
Christians or they were burnt because they were considered heretics.
Anyway, the principal source of information about them comes from
Greek and roman evidence because Gaul was conquered by Roman
Empire under Tiberius. The Romans and the Greeks tried also to replace
Celtic Druidism.
Moreover, their evidences were confirmed by some Irish poems written
when the Druids lost their religious functions after the coming of
Christianity in Ireland.

12. Modern Druids
From XVIII a lot of people chose a life style in harmony with the nature
inspiring by ancient Druids.
The historical reason of the druidic revival is linked to the thought that
nature is the only source of raw materials.
For this reason a spiritual movement where people respect the Earth like a
living being is born.
In the 90s the Druidism is developed in Italy and abroad creating a lot of
groups and associations that had attracted more people.
Today, the Druidism is widely expanded, especially among young
generations that appreciate the contact with the nature and a life without
obligations.

13. The Druids’ movement is concentrated mainly in England, Ireland and
Britain where the ancient history of Druids has more importance, but it is
spread also oversea, in the north of the USA and in Canada. While in
Australia and in New Zealand the number of the devotees is estimated
around thousand of people.

14. Created by:
Astarita Luca
Ausanio Pia
Balsamo Lorenzo
Capasso Adele
Carboncino Antonio
Cerbone Alfredo
Salomone Mariangela
Tonelli Anna
Thanks for watching