This document summarizes a study on the contribution of women to household food security in the Kassena-Nankana East District of Ghana. It finds that the majority of women in the area are engaged in food crop farming to feed their households. However, women face various challenges including discrimination in decision making regarding land and credit. Socio-cultural factors like traditions that deprive widows of inherited property also negatively impact women's ability to contribute to food security. While women play a critical role in food production, more support is needed to address challenges and harness their potential to ensure adequate nutrition for families.
This document summarizes a study on organic agriculture and women's empowerment. It finds that conventional farming is strongly associated with masculine identities, limiting women's participation and influence. Organic and sustainable farming offers more opportunities for women, though the sector still struggles with gender biases. Case studies show that women often pursue smaller-scale, family-oriented organic production for local markets. While this empowers women economically, the gender division of labor is still not fully challenged on farms. Overall, the study aims to increase understanding of how organic agriculture can promote gender equality and women's meaningful participation in the sector.
Integrating Gender In Agricultural ProgramsIFPRI Gender
The document discusses integrating gender into agricultural programs by addressing constraints women face in agriculture. It outlines why focusing on gender is important, then discusses constraints women face in accessing key assets like land, water, livestock, soil fertility, new technologies, extension services, labor, markets, and support services. It provides strategies to alleviate these constraints, like strengthening women's land rights, increasing female extension agents, introducing labor-saving technologies, and investing in market interventions to improve women's access and asset base. Case studies show promising examples of projects that have successfully addressed gender.
This document provides an overview of a seminar presentation on women and agriculture in Ethiopia. It discusses the important role of women in Ethiopian agriculture, contributing up to 70% of food production. However, women face numerous challenges including less access to land, credit, extension services and technology compared to men. The document also outlines Ethiopia's national policies aimed at promoting gender equality and women's empowerment in agriculture through institutions like the Women's Affairs Office.
B.sc. agri i bo a unit 4 women in agricultureRai University
Women play a significant yet often overlooked role in agriculture around the world. They make up the majority of the agricultural workforce but face greater challenges like malnutrition and lack of decision making power. In India as well, women constitute the backbone of agriculture and are heavily involved in various farming activities as well as domestic and allied tasks. However, strategies are needed to reduce the drudgery of women farmers through empowerment, appropriate technologies, and ensuring equal rights and representation.
Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture: What Role for Food and Nutrition Security...ifpri_dhaka
This document summarizes a study examining the relationship between women's empowerment in agriculture and household, maternal, and child dietary diversity in Bangladesh. The study uses a new Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index to measure women's empowerment across several domains. It finds that higher overall empowerment scores, as well as greater group participation, control over assets and credit decisions, and reduced gender parity gaps, positively impact household and individual dietary diversity. The results suggest policies should strengthen women's access to and control over land, resources, credit, and leadership opportunities to improve food and nutrition security outcomes.
The document discusses a study on empowering women farmers in Bangladesh through a program supported by an NGO. It finds that providing women farmers with credit, training, and organization allows them to participate more in economic activities and decision-making. The study assessed the impact on women's economic and social empowerment, finding increased incomes, investments, mobility, and involvement in agricultural decisions when supported by the program. It recommends expanding similar programs to more smallholder farmers while addressing gender differences and crop needs.
Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture and Nutritional Outcomes in Ethiopiaessp2
- Women's empowerment in agriculture is linked to improved nutritional outcomes for children and women in rural Ethiopia. Increasing women's decision making power over credit, income, and workloads saw reductions in child stunting and underweight as well as higher dietary diversity scores for women.
- While women in Ethiopia showed relatively low empowerment levels compared to other countries, interventions to further increase women's agency in agriculture can not only engage them more, but also positively impact nutrition. Empowering women is beneficial and has multidimensional returns including better nutrition.
This document summarizes a study on organic agriculture and women's empowerment. It finds that conventional farming is strongly associated with masculine identities, limiting women's participation and influence. Organic and sustainable farming offers more opportunities for women, though the sector still struggles with gender biases. Case studies show that women often pursue smaller-scale, family-oriented organic production for local markets. While this empowers women economically, the gender division of labor is still not fully challenged on farms. Overall, the study aims to increase understanding of how organic agriculture can promote gender equality and women's meaningful participation in the sector.
Integrating Gender In Agricultural ProgramsIFPRI Gender
The document discusses integrating gender into agricultural programs by addressing constraints women face in agriculture. It outlines why focusing on gender is important, then discusses constraints women face in accessing key assets like land, water, livestock, soil fertility, new technologies, extension services, labor, markets, and support services. It provides strategies to alleviate these constraints, like strengthening women's land rights, increasing female extension agents, introducing labor-saving technologies, and investing in market interventions to improve women's access and asset base. Case studies show promising examples of projects that have successfully addressed gender.
This document provides an overview of a seminar presentation on women and agriculture in Ethiopia. It discusses the important role of women in Ethiopian agriculture, contributing up to 70% of food production. However, women face numerous challenges including less access to land, credit, extension services and technology compared to men. The document also outlines Ethiopia's national policies aimed at promoting gender equality and women's empowerment in agriculture through institutions like the Women's Affairs Office.
B.sc. agri i bo a unit 4 women in agricultureRai University
Women play a significant yet often overlooked role in agriculture around the world. They make up the majority of the agricultural workforce but face greater challenges like malnutrition and lack of decision making power. In India as well, women constitute the backbone of agriculture and are heavily involved in various farming activities as well as domestic and allied tasks. However, strategies are needed to reduce the drudgery of women farmers through empowerment, appropriate technologies, and ensuring equal rights and representation.
Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture: What Role for Food and Nutrition Security...ifpri_dhaka
This document summarizes a study examining the relationship between women's empowerment in agriculture and household, maternal, and child dietary diversity in Bangladesh. The study uses a new Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index to measure women's empowerment across several domains. It finds that higher overall empowerment scores, as well as greater group participation, control over assets and credit decisions, and reduced gender parity gaps, positively impact household and individual dietary diversity. The results suggest policies should strengthen women's access to and control over land, resources, credit, and leadership opportunities to improve food and nutrition security outcomes.
The document discusses a study on empowering women farmers in Bangladesh through a program supported by an NGO. It finds that providing women farmers with credit, training, and organization allows them to participate more in economic activities and decision-making. The study assessed the impact on women's economic and social empowerment, finding increased incomes, investments, mobility, and involvement in agricultural decisions when supported by the program. It recommends expanding similar programs to more smallholder farmers while addressing gender differences and crop needs.
Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture and Nutritional Outcomes in Ethiopiaessp2
- Women's empowerment in agriculture is linked to improved nutritional outcomes for children and women in rural Ethiopia. Increasing women's decision making power over credit, income, and workloads saw reductions in child stunting and underweight as well as higher dietary diversity scores for women.
- While women in Ethiopia showed relatively low empowerment levels compared to other countries, interventions to further increase women's agency in agriculture can not only engage them more, but also positively impact nutrition. Empowering women is beneficial and has multidimensional returns including better nutrition.
Jemimah Njuki, Sarah Eissler, Hazel Malapit, Ruth Meinzen-Dick, Elizabeth Bryan, and Agnes Quisumbing
SPECIAL EVENT
UNFSS Science Days Side Event: Gender Equality, Women’s Empowerment, and Food Systems
Co-Organized by IFPRI and Self Employed Women’s Association (SEWA)
JUL 6, 2021 - 07:00 AM TO 08:00 AM EDT
Role of women in agriculture in pakistan A series of LecturesByMr. Allah Da...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
A series of LecturesByMr. Allah Dad Khan former Director General Agriculture Extension KP Province and Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan allahdad52@gmail.com
Measuring empowerment in agricultural development projects using WEAI and WELIILRI
Presentation by Alessandra Galiè, Elena Martinez and Agnes Quisumbing at the 2019 Agriculture, Nutrition and Health Academy Week, Hyderabad, India, 24–28 June 2019.
Gender plays an important role in agricultural development. Statistics show closing the gender gap could increase GDP by 9-16%, reduce hunger by 12-17%, and increase agricultural yields by 20-30%. While women constitute 50% of the agricultural workforce and produce 50% of the world's food, they only receive 10% of income and own 1% of property. They face disparities in areas like income, wages, education, and health. Addressing issues like food security, rural finance, land policy, markets, labor, and infrastructure could help empower women and boost agricultural productivity and economic growth. However, achieving gender equality faces political, policy, practical, and technological challenges that need to be overcome.
The document discusses the importance of integrating gender considerations into agricultural research and development. It argues that addressing gender issues is necessary to improve agricultural productivity and food security, increase sustainability, reduce poverty, and achieve other development goals. It outlines how agricultural R&D could be made more gender-equitable by involving women in priority setting, research, extension and evaluation. It also suggests moving beyond a focus only on production technologies to consider women's roles and needs across the entire food system. Finally, it proposes establishing a platform to support strategic gender research, capacity building, and institutional strengthening to help achieve this vision.
Women make up a significant portion of the agricultural workforce in developing countries, ranging from 20% in Latin America to over 50% in some parts of Africa and Asia. They perform many agricultural tasks like crop farming, animal husbandry, food processing, and household chores. However, female farmers often have less access to resources like land, credit, education, and extension services compared to male farmers. As a result, yields are typically 20-30% lower for women compared to men cultivating the same plots. Closing this gender gap in agriculture could increase overall production by 2.5-4% and reduce global hunger by 12-17%. Organizations are working to promote gender equality and empower women in the agricultural sector to reduce
Women role In Agriculture A Lecture By Mr Allah Dad Khan Agriculture Expert K...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Women role In Agriculture A Lecture By Mr Allah Dad Khan Agriculture Expert KPK at Peshawar Former DG Agri Extension KPK Province and Visiting Professor AUP PeshawarPeshawar
Female workers make up 43% of the agricultural workforce in developing countries and account for about two-thirds of the world's 600 million poor livestock keepers. In least developed countries, 79% of economically active women work in agriculture compared to 48% worldwide. Rural women also typically work longer hours than men when accounting for both paid work and unpaid domestic tasks. However, women often have less secure rights to land, smaller plots of lower quality land, and less access to inputs, technologies, and extension services than men. Closing the gender gap in access to resources and services could boost global food security by reducing the typical 20-30% lower yields seen among women farmers.
Analysis of farmers Participation in Public Agricultural Extension Services: ...Premier Publishers
The study analyzed female-headed and male-headed households’ participation in public agricultural extension services: The Case of Meskan Woreda, Gurage Zone, Ethiopia. The objectives were to assess participation of female-headed and male-headed farmers in major crop and livestock extension packages, and to identify determinants of participation. A multi-stage purposive sampling technique was employed to select Region, Woredas, and Kebeles. Samples were taken from four Kebeles: Wita, Yimariwacho third, Mesrak meskan and Welansho second based agro ecology using probability proportional to size sampling technique. Finally, a total of (143) sampled male (92) and female-headed households (51) were selected by using systematic random sampling method. Sampled household heads survey data were collected using pre-tested structured interview schedule, focus group discussions and key informants interview. Descriptive and Binary logistic were employed to analyze the collected survey data. Among 14 explanatory variables included in to the logit model: land size, Development agent contact frequency, and mass media exposure had positive and statistically significant while sex, age and market distance had negative and statistically significant on Farming household head’s in crop and livestock extension services. The study recommends that, enhancing efficient delivery of services and increasing young age of household head farmers in terms of equal sex participation, farm size, Development agent contact, and mass media access would improve household head farmers’ participation in public agricultural extension services.
Influence of Culture on Women Farmers’ Participation in Agriculture Activitie...AI Publications
The study examined the influence of culture on women farmers’ participation in agricultural activities in Ahoada-East of Rivers, Nigeria. Six communities namely Odieke, Odisama, OgboIhuaje, Okpokudodo and Ihugbuluko were selected using convenience sampling technique. Purposive sampling technique was employed to select sixty women farmers from the selected communities. Interview schedule was used to elicit information from the respondents. Women participated in agricultural activities such as processing and fertilizer application among others. Traditional/customary influenced women farmers’ participation on agricultural activities as women do not go to the farm on Eke day (x=3.29), women do not farm on burial day (x=2.80), among others. The people believed that farming during festival is a taboo (x=3.23) and norms demand women to return earlier from farm to carry out domestic duties (x=3.23). The study recommends that communities should carry out improvements in mainstreaming and transformation on cultural issues to enable women have access to productive resources.
Rural Livelihood and Food Security: Insights from Srilanka Tapu of Sunsari Di...journal ijrtem
Food security is the foremost need of every human society. It is a fundamental right and
government responsibility but still food insecurity is prevalent in rural areas of least developed nations. To cope
with food insecurity, undertaking diverse income generating activities is common as well as key strategy adopted
by rural people. The objective of this study is to assess rural livelihood and food security status of a remote island
named Srilanka Tapu of Sunsari district. A random sampling technique was used to collect primary data from 40
rural household heads using semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive methods were used for analyzing. The
findings revealed that the food security situation of the Tapu is insecure. Most basic infrastructures and social
services needed for people livelihood such as road, electricity sufficient food availability, education, healthcare,
sanitation, etc. were found to be extremely poor. Most of the households are small scale farmers involving
themselves in diverse livelihood activities which are mostly temporary, low-skilled and low paying. However,
people are fulfilling their food needs at every cost but are highly vulnerable to food insecurity. Also, their lives
security is equally vulnerable because of disastrous Koshi River flooding which occurs every year in the Tapu.
The findings therefore critically suggest that food security of remote and vulnerable human settlements should be
at top priority in policy formulation and implementation level. The study also recommends a need for an in-depth
research for making evidence based policy interventions for improvement of diversify rural livelihood along with
sustainable environment
Women play a key role in global food production but their contribution is often underrecognized. While women produce between 60-80% of food in developing countries, they face numerous constraints related to gender inequality. These constraints impact household food security and nutrition. Effective food security policies need to promote women's empowerment and emancipation by addressing structural barriers limiting women's access to resources and decision making power. Approaches are needed that integrate gender equality, empowerment, and capacity building for women beyond a sole focus on agricultural production.
Participation of family women in agricultural production-a case study of jaff...Alexander Decker
- The document analyzes factors influencing family women's participation in agricultural production in Jaffna District, Sri Lanka.
- It finds that women play a significant role in Sri Lankan agriculture, performing tasks from land preparation to harvesting and livestock management. However, their contributions have been understudied.
- Using a probit model and survey data from 185 households, it determines that women's age, education level, years of experience, income level, access to extension services, land tenure rights, and level of agricultural contribution significantly impact their likelihood of participating in farm work. Younger, more educated, and experienced women with higher incomes and more secure land rights who receive extension services are more likely to participate.
Role of socio cultural factors influence towards food choices among household...oircjournals
This study focused on factors influencing households’ behavior and attitudes towards food choices in Kiambaa sub-county, Kiambu County. Therefore, this study explored socio-cultural factors on household food choices. Structural functionalism and social learning theory provided the theoretical understanding to discuss the relationship between variables. This study employed descriptive design to randomly select a sample of 138 households. Data was collected using interview schedule on a sample of 138 respondents living in Kiambaa sub-county. Data was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively, quantitative data using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Ms-excel computer software to generate frequencies and percentages which were presented discussed and interpreted in line with the study objectives. The findings established statistically significant between social cultural factors and food choices in Kiambaa Sub County. Social interactions at 86% which include the nature of interpersonal relationships, social status at 70% and traditions at 78% in households provided an important set of interpersonal relationships in influencing food choice. This study findings shows majority of women at 86% are actively involved in decision making especially on the food to be eaten at home therefore become the burden carrier of the household activity and balancing other roles as homemaker, mother and income earners. This study concludes that factors influencing food choices are positive and negative therefore it is importance to consider sociological approach to food choices. This study recommends policy and strategic approach to food choices, household target in proper utilization of research findings and further study on assessment of influence of work on behaviour towards food choices.
Bill Bellotti - An undisciplined approach to research for rural developmentDevelopment Futures
- The project aimed to improve subsistence rice farming systems in tribal communities in India through on-farm research led by farmers.
- The project increased crop diversity and household incomes, reduced food insecurity and forced migration, and improved self-esteem and capacity for innovation.
- A transdisciplinary approach was used, actively involving farmers and local organizations in research through action learning cycles and on-farm trials, respecting different knowledge systems and promoting systemic thinking beyond individual disciplines.
The role of women in agriculture: Implications in providing, improving househ...Open Access Research Paper
There has been less recognition to women contribute to agricultural and food security. Women’s work in the agriculture and food security often remains invisible. The research sought to investigate the role of women agriculture in providing household food security and reducing of hunger and malnutrition in rural communities. The research used a survey research design, quantitative and qualitative data was gathered. Findings were that social and economic constraints place barriers around women’s access to agricultural land and empowerment. Women had a high positive attitude to the variables on; interest in contributing to household, understanding of food security and socio-economic development. Men own land and livestock at household level, livestock for women were realized through payment of the bride prize. The country was not food secured, 68% of the household could not afford three meals per day, malnutrition remains at 9% and the four dimension of food security were averaging 23.25%. Given equal treatment, women could produce high crop yield and can play role in food processing, in nutrition, gardening and agricultural cooperatives. Farming and agricultural policies need to address factors that were affecting the potential of women in improving food security. This would help in fully utilization of the roles of women in providing and improving household food security and reduce hunger and malnutrition in the rural communities. Noted implications of not involving and empowering women in agriculture was food insecurity in the rural communities as food availability, accessibility, utilisation and stability was to achieved year around in the communities.
This document is a student paper on rural women in agriculture in Bangladesh. It is divided into multiple sections that discuss topics such as the role of women in agriculture, their contributions to food production and livestock, and their participation in decision making and empowerment. The paper seeks to analyze the nature and extent of rural women's empowerment in Bangladesh and identify factors that influence it. It defines three dimensions of women's empowerment - socioeconomic, familial, and psychological - and discusses six indicators used to measure women's empowerment: contribution to household income, access to resources, ownership of assets, participation in household decision making, and perception of gender awareness.
1) Over 70% of respondents in rural northeast Madagascar reported times of food insecurity in the last 3 years, most commonly due to small land size.
2) The probability of food insecurity decreased with increasing vanilla yield, rice yield, and land size. There was also an interaction effect where larger families with smaller land had higher food insecurity.
3) Other factors like wealth, education, crop diversity, and livestock were not significantly related to food insecurity. Agricultural diversification and improving yields on small plots through sustainable practices could help alleviate food insecurity.
Jemimah Njuki, Sarah Eissler, Hazel Malapit, Ruth Meinzen-Dick, Elizabeth Bryan, and Agnes Quisumbing
SPECIAL EVENT
UNFSS Science Days Side Event: Gender Equality, Women’s Empowerment, and Food Systems
Co-Organized by IFPRI and Self Employed Women’s Association (SEWA)
JUL 6, 2021 - 07:00 AM TO 08:00 AM EDT
Role of women in agriculture in pakistan A series of LecturesByMr. Allah Da...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
A series of LecturesByMr. Allah Dad Khan former Director General Agriculture Extension KP Province and Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan allahdad52@gmail.com
Measuring empowerment in agricultural development projects using WEAI and WELIILRI
Presentation by Alessandra Galiè, Elena Martinez and Agnes Quisumbing at the 2019 Agriculture, Nutrition and Health Academy Week, Hyderabad, India, 24–28 June 2019.
Gender plays an important role in agricultural development. Statistics show closing the gender gap could increase GDP by 9-16%, reduce hunger by 12-17%, and increase agricultural yields by 20-30%. While women constitute 50% of the agricultural workforce and produce 50% of the world's food, they only receive 10% of income and own 1% of property. They face disparities in areas like income, wages, education, and health. Addressing issues like food security, rural finance, land policy, markets, labor, and infrastructure could help empower women and boost agricultural productivity and economic growth. However, achieving gender equality faces political, policy, practical, and technological challenges that need to be overcome.
The document discusses the importance of integrating gender considerations into agricultural research and development. It argues that addressing gender issues is necessary to improve agricultural productivity and food security, increase sustainability, reduce poverty, and achieve other development goals. It outlines how agricultural R&D could be made more gender-equitable by involving women in priority setting, research, extension and evaluation. It also suggests moving beyond a focus only on production technologies to consider women's roles and needs across the entire food system. Finally, it proposes establishing a platform to support strategic gender research, capacity building, and institutional strengthening to help achieve this vision.
Women make up a significant portion of the agricultural workforce in developing countries, ranging from 20% in Latin America to over 50% in some parts of Africa and Asia. They perform many agricultural tasks like crop farming, animal husbandry, food processing, and household chores. However, female farmers often have less access to resources like land, credit, education, and extension services compared to male farmers. As a result, yields are typically 20-30% lower for women compared to men cultivating the same plots. Closing this gender gap in agriculture could increase overall production by 2.5-4% and reduce global hunger by 12-17%. Organizations are working to promote gender equality and empower women in the agricultural sector to reduce
Women role In Agriculture A Lecture By Mr Allah Dad Khan Agriculture Expert K...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Women role In Agriculture A Lecture By Mr Allah Dad Khan Agriculture Expert KPK at Peshawar Former DG Agri Extension KPK Province and Visiting Professor AUP PeshawarPeshawar
Female workers make up 43% of the agricultural workforce in developing countries and account for about two-thirds of the world's 600 million poor livestock keepers. In least developed countries, 79% of economically active women work in agriculture compared to 48% worldwide. Rural women also typically work longer hours than men when accounting for both paid work and unpaid domestic tasks. However, women often have less secure rights to land, smaller plots of lower quality land, and less access to inputs, technologies, and extension services than men. Closing the gender gap in access to resources and services could boost global food security by reducing the typical 20-30% lower yields seen among women farmers.
Analysis of farmers Participation in Public Agricultural Extension Services: ...Premier Publishers
The study analyzed female-headed and male-headed households’ participation in public agricultural extension services: The Case of Meskan Woreda, Gurage Zone, Ethiopia. The objectives were to assess participation of female-headed and male-headed farmers in major crop and livestock extension packages, and to identify determinants of participation. A multi-stage purposive sampling technique was employed to select Region, Woredas, and Kebeles. Samples were taken from four Kebeles: Wita, Yimariwacho third, Mesrak meskan and Welansho second based agro ecology using probability proportional to size sampling technique. Finally, a total of (143) sampled male (92) and female-headed households (51) were selected by using systematic random sampling method. Sampled household heads survey data were collected using pre-tested structured interview schedule, focus group discussions and key informants interview. Descriptive and Binary logistic were employed to analyze the collected survey data. Among 14 explanatory variables included in to the logit model: land size, Development agent contact frequency, and mass media exposure had positive and statistically significant while sex, age and market distance had negative and statistically significant on Farming household head’s in crop and livestock extension services. The study recommends that, enhancing efficient delivery of services and increasing young age of household head farmers in terms of equal sex participation, farm size, Development agent contact, and mass media access would improve household head farmers’ participation in public agricultural extension services.
Influence of Culture on Women Farmers’ Participation in Agriculture Activitie...AI Publications
The study examined the influence of culture on women farmers’ participation in agricultural activities in Ahoada-East of Rivers, Nigeria. Six communities namely Odieke, Odisama, OgboIhuaje, Okpokudodo and Ihugbuluko were selected using convenience sampling technique. Purposive sampling technique was employed to select sixty women farmers from the selected communities. Interview schedule was used to elicit information from the respondents. Women participated in agricultural activities such as processing and fertilizer application among others. Traditional/customary influenced women farmers’ participation on agricultural activities as women do not go to the farm on Eke day (x=3.29), women do not farm on burial day (x=2.80), among others. The people believed that farming during festival is a taboo (x=3.23) and norms demand women to return earlier from farm to carry out domestic duties (x=3.23). The study recommends that communities should carry out improvements in mainstreaming and transformation on cultural issues to enable women have access to productive resources.
Rural Livelihood and Food Security: Insights from Srilanka Tapu of Sunsari Di...journal ijrtem
Food security is the foremost need of every human society. It is a fundamental right and
government responsibility but still food insecurity is prevalent in rural areas of least developed nations. To cope
with food insecurity, undertaking diverse income generating activities is common as well as key strategy adopted
by rural people. The objective of this study is to assess rural livelihood and food security status of a remote island
named Srilanka Tapu of Sunsari district. A random sampling technique was used to collect primary data from 40
rural household heads using semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive methods were used for analyzing. The
findings revealed that the food security situation of the Tapu is insecure. Most basic infrastructures and social
services needed for people livelihood such as road, electricity sufficient food availability, education, healthcare,
sanitation, etc. were found to be extremely poor. Most of the households are small scale farmers involving
themselves in diverse livelihood activities which are mostly temporary, low-skilled and low paying. However,
people are fulfilling their food needs at every cost but are highly vulnerable to food insecurity. Also, their lives
security is equally vulnerable because of disastrous Koshi River flooding which occurs every year in the Tapu.
The findings therefore critically suggest that food security of remote and vulnerable human settlements should be
at top priority in policy formulation and implementation level. The study also recommends a need for an in-depth
research for making evidence based policy interventions for improvement of diversify rural livelihood along with
sustainable environment
Women play a key role in global food production but their contribution is often underrecognized. While women produce between 60-80% of food in developing countries, they face numerous constraints related to gender inequality. These constraints impact household food security and nutrition. Effective food security policies need to promote women's empowerment and emancipation by addressing structural barriers limiting women's access to resources and decision making power. Approaches are needed that integrate gender equality, empowerment, and capacity building for women beyond a sole focus on agricultural production.
Participation of family women in agricultural production-a case study of jaff...Alexander Decker
- The document analyzes factors influencing family women's participation in agricultural production in Jaffna District, Sri Lanka.
- It finds that women play a significant role in Sri Lankan agriculture, performing tasks from land preparation to harvesting and livestock management. However, their contributions have been understudied.
- Using a probit model and survey data from 185 households, it determines that women's age, education level, years of experience, income level, access to extension services, land tenure rights, and level of agricultural contribution significantly impact their likelihood of participating in farm work. Younger, more educated, and experienced women with higher incomes and more secure land rights who receive extension services are more likely to participate.
Role of socio cultural factors influence towards food choices among household...oircjournals
This study focused on factors influencing households’ behavior and attitudes towards food choices in Kiambaa sub-county, Kiambu County. Therefore, this study explored socio-cultural factors on household food choices. Structural functionalism and social learning theory provided the theoretical understanding to discuss the relationship between variables. This study employed descriptive design to randomly select a sample of 138 households. Data was collected using interview schedule on a sample of 138 respondents living in Kiambaa sub-county. Data was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively, quantitative data using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Ms-excel computer software to generate frequencies and percentages which were presented discussed and interpreted in line with the study objectives. The findings established statistically significant between social cultural factors and food choices in Kiambaa Sub County. Social interactions at 86% which include the nature of interpersonal relationships, social status at 70% and traditions at 78% in households provided an important set of interpersonal relationships in influencing food choice. This study findings shows majority of women at 86% are actively involved in decision making especially on the food to be eaten at home therefore become the burden carrier of the household activity and balancing other roles as homemaker, mother and income earners. This study concludes that factors influencing food choices are positive and negative therefore it is importance to consider sociological approach to food choices. This study recommends policy and strategic approach to food choices, household target in proper utilization of research findings and further study on assessment of influence of work on behaviour towards food choices.
Bill Bellotti - An undisciplined approach to research for rural developmentDevelopment Futures
- The project aimed to improve subsistence rice farming systems in tribal communities in India through on-farm research led by farmers.
- The project increased crop diversity and household incomes, reduced food insecurity and forced migration, and improved self-esteem and capacity for innovation.
- A transdisciplinary approach was used, actively involving farmers and local organizations in research through action learning cycles and on-farm trials, respecting different knowledge systems and promoting systemic thinking beyond individual disciplines.
The role of women in agriculture: Implications in providing, improving househ...Open Access Research Paper
There has been less recognition to women contribute to agricultural and food security. Women’s work in the agriculture and food security often remains invisible. The research sought to investigate the role of women agriculture in providing household food security and reducing of hunger and malnutrition in rural communities. The research used a survey research design, quantitative and qualitative data was gathered. Findings were that social and economic constraints place barriers around women’s access to agricultural land and empowerment. Women had a high positive attitude to the variables on; interest in contributing to household, understanding of food security and socio-economic development. Men own land and livestock at household level, livestock for women were realized through payment of the bride prize. The country was not food secured, 68% of the household could not afford three meals per day, malnutrition remains at 9% and the four dimension of food security were averaging 23.25%. Given equal treatment, women could produce high crop yield and can play role in food processing, in nutrition, gardening and agricultural cooperatives. Farming and agricultural policies need to address factors that were affecting the potential of women in improving food security. This would help in fully utilization of the roles of women in providing and improving household food security and reduce hunger and malnutrition in the rural communities. Noted implications of not involving and empowering women in agriculture was food insecurity in the rural communities as food availability, accessibility, utilisation and stability was to achieved year around in the communities.
This document is a student paper on rural women in agriculture in Bangladesh. It is divided into multiple sections that discuss topics such as the role of women in agriculture, their contributions to food production and livestock, and their participation in decision making and empowerment. The paper seeks to analyze the nature and extent of rural women's empowerment in Bangladesh and identify factors that influence it. It defines three dimensions of women's empowerment - socioeconomic, familial, and psychological - and discusses six indicators used to measure women's empowerment: contribution to household income, access to resources, ownership of assets, participation in household decision making, and perception of gender awareness.
1) Over 70% of respondents in rural northeast Madagascar reported times of food insecurity in the last 3 years, most commonly due to small land size.
2) The probability of food insecurity decreased with increasing vanilla yield, rice yield, and land size. There was also an interaction effect where larger families with smaller land had higher food insecurity.
3) Other factors like wealth, education, crop diversity, and livestock were not significantly related to food insecurity. Agricultural diversification and improving yields on small plots through sustainable practices could help alleviate food insecurity.
Women's accessibility to resources of agricultural productivity in borno stat...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on women's access to agricultural resources in Borno State, Nigeria. The study found that women had the highest access to farm income, decision-making powers, farm land, and off-farm income, though access was still limited. Access to extension services, education, cooperatives, farm inputs, and credit was very limited. The study recommends that agricultural input distribution be made more gender sensitive to increase women's access to productive resources.
The document discusses the importance of gender equity in agricultural research and development. It makes four key points:
1) Women play a vital role in agriculture but lack equal access to resources like land, education, inputs and technology, limiting productivity. Reducing gender inequality could increase yields by 20%.
2) Involving women is important for sustainability as they maintain biodiversity and climate change strategies.
3) It improves food security and nutrition as women control food distribution and child nutrition.
4) Empowering women through equitable interventions can significantly boost incomes and reduce poverty.
The document advocates for mainstreaming gender considerations in agricultural R&D through representation of women researchers and relevance to women farmers.
The role of agriculture in the economic empowerment of women in the ejisu jua...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a journal article about the role of agriculture in empowering women economically in the Ejisu Juaben Municipality in Ghana. The summary is as follows:
1) Agriculture is the main economic activity in the municipality and women play a central role in food production and distribution, however, women have limited access to resources like credit, extension services and land compared to men.
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The contribution of women to household food security in the kassena nankana east district in the upper east region of ghana
1. Journal of Environment and Earth Science www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3216 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0948 (Online)
Vol. 3, No.7, 2013
162
The Contribution of Women to Household Food Security in the
Kassena -Nankana East District in the Upper East Region of
Ghana
Shamsu- Deen Ziblim
University for Developemnet Studies, Faculty of Integrated Development Studies, Department of Environment
and Resource Studies
Email: zshamsu72@gmail.com
Mahama Ishaque
University for Developemnet Studies. Faculty of Integrated Development Studies, Department of Economics and
Entrepreneurship Development
Email: tidobila@yahoo.com
Abstract
The study examines the contribution of women in food production and its impact on food security in the
Kassena Nankana district of the upper east region of Ghana. The specific objectives are: to examine the socio-
economic characteristics of women farmers in the area, the challenges they face in food production
The study utilizes both primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained through questionnaire
administration and direct observation in the study area. 160 questionnaires were administered purposively to 160
women who are into food production and live stock production while the secondary sources were obtained from
review of related literature on the subject matter. Data collected were analysed through descriptive statistics.
Results revealed that majority of the women are into food production in the area than their male counterparts, it
also revealed that women are discriminated when it comes to decision making with regards to land acquisitions
and credit facilities. The study also revealed that about 97% of the women in the study are into food crop
farming which they use to feed their housed hold.
Key Words: women, food security, household.
1.1 Introduction
The debate on the role of women in societies and their participation in economic activity has sparked a lot of
controversy for a considerable time. Different groups of people such as women groups, government,
development partners, and civil society groups have forwarded many arguments to support their stand on access
by all people at all times to adequate food of good quality for active and healthy life .
Women farmers in Sub-Sahara Africa produce more than three-quarters of the region’s basic food needs,
manage some two-thirds of marketing and at least one half of their activities are into storing food and raising
animals (Gittinger, 2006; Saito, 2001).
Food security can be explained as an access by all people at all times to adequate food of good quality for active
and healthy life (World Bank, 1986). However, not all people have access to adequate food at all times for
active and healthy life. Hunger and food insecurity are widespread in most developing countries including like
Ghana. The upper east region of Ghana where this study was conducted is the most deprive region and the
region in Ghana that is not fortunate to have fertile land for food cultivation.
Gender differentials in the farm household also play a significant role in the economic performance of
a given household. A great deal of empirical research has convincingly demonstrated that gender is important
in defining the economic role of rural people in Africa (McSweeney, 2010). This in turn has resulted in a
growing recognition that men and women often have very different rights and responsibilities with respect to
resource use and decision- making in the process of agricultural production.
This recognition has resulted in a number of studies documenting the roles of women and men in various farm,
non-farm, food preparation; household maintenance and child care activities (Whitehead 1985; Bryceson 1995).
It has been recognized that both gender and household-based approaches are useful frameworks for
targeting policy and interventions in rural areas (Warner et al., 1997). Agricultural productivity could also be
determined by gender differences if they (men and women) use different technologies or different quantities of
factors, or there are differences in the quality of these factors (Saito, 1994).
The rural sector in many developing countries is increasingly characterized by the prevalence of poverty and
food insecurity (FAO, 1990b: 2). Recent years have shown a new trend, most prominent in Africa, whereby
male family members leave the rural household to try to find waged labor in the urban centers and increase
the family income. Hence, in Sub-Sahara women head 31 percent of the households (FAO, 2003).
The traditional gender division of labour, intra-household rights and obligations is weakening, the gender- based
2. Journal of Environment and Earth Science www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3216 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0948 (Online)
Vol. 3, No.7, 2013
163
division of labor is breaking down and farm women are increasingly undertaking tasks which were earlier
men’s one.
Despite the economic gains that Ghana has made over the decade, poverty and household food insecurity
remain a persistent and pressing social concern. Food insecurity is a major problem amongst a large part of
the population. ´´An estimated millions of Ghanaian households experience food related hardships, most of
them chronic`` (William, 2010). In order to ensure food security, provide adequate nutrition for the
population and impact on poverty reduction and human development, investment is needed. Those living in
the rural areas, especially women must have access to productive resources such as land, credit and inputs to
grow enough food for their households. ´´Research evidences show that empowering rural women, increasing
economic assets that women control has a positive impact on the family, particularly on food and nutrition
security, health and education. Women also are known to spend a greater proportion of their income on
household basic needs such as food than men (Quisumbing, et al, 2001).Yet most rural Ghanaian women
have less access to economic and productive resources, and are generally discriminated against in personal
and social relationships and all these combine to make their households more food insecure. In northern
Ghana for instance where this study was conducted, women are traditionally and customary discriminated
against the ownership of landed property and this in a way affect food production in the area.
In spite of social, political and economic constraints, women farmers have proved extremely resourceful and
hardworking in their attempt to ensure household food security (UNDP, 1995). Social constraints place barriers
around their access to agricultural land, scientific and technological information. Lack of collateral denies them
access to agricultural credit. Culture or traditions accord membership of cooperatives only to heads of
household – Usually a man. Many rural women, even in highly mechanized farming systems such as the
Republic of Korea and Japan would have agriculture for work in other sectors if choices were available (WTO,
1999).
A proper understanding of this interaction in rural household is indispensable for policy formation towards
ensuring food security, reduction of hunger and poverty at the household level in developing countries.
The first step towards women's empowerment and full participation in food security strategies is the collection
and analysis of gender disaggregated data, in order to understand role differences in food and cash crop
production as well as men's and women's differential managerial and financial control over production, storage
and marketing of agricultural products. The engagement of women in economic activities in Ghana is
widespread, ranging from the formal to the informal sector; even though a majority of their activities is in the
informal sector women perform a lot of “invisible” activities that may not be considered as economic activities.
Women’s participation in the formal sector is improved with access to education and therefore as more women
get educated and acquire the requisite skills, they are increasingly being engaged in the formal sector with a few
of them in managerial positions. However, considering that women make up the majority of the people in Ghana,
it is disheartening to note that their impact on the decision making process is limited. In fact women are found at
the receiving end of the decision making process and therefore have little or no influence on the decisions that
affect them and their families (Amu 2000 ) )Amu
Despite early efforts at tackling issues concerning food security, it seems the problem still stares the world in the
face as little progress has been made in that direction. Global, regional and national interventions have been
developed and implemented over the years all in an attempt to ensure food security, yet much has not been
achieved in this direction as the problem stills persists with fears it might worsen.
Also worrying is the fact that though the contribution of women in contributing to food security has been
recognized, governments and those who matter in issues relating to food production pay lip-service to ensuring
that their contribution is harnessed effectively especially in an environment where discrimination exists in
relation to the sexes. Attention has been shifted toward the male gender to the neglect of the female who studies
have shown is more productive than the male farmer when given access to resources.
Development policy makers and planner are becoming increasingly aware of the crucial contributions of women
farmers to agricultural production and food security. Nevertheless, agricultural policies on the whole still do not
address the needs of women farmers adequately. Where the roles and needs of women farmers are recognized in
policy, these tend not to be adequately translated into practice in agricultural development programmes and
planning. Agricultural research, too, gives inadequate attention to women farmers and their needs. As has been
pointed out, for instance, women and men farmers are often responsible for different agricultural tasks and crops.
Research is generally focused on the improvement of production and technologies for men's crops and tasks,
while those of women are neglected.
Achieving food security in its totality continues to be a challenge not only for the developing nations, but also
for the developed world. The difference lies in the magnitude of the problem in terms of its severity and
proportion of the population affected. In developed nations the problem is alleviated by providing targeted food
security interventions, including food aid in the form of direct food relief, food stamps, or indirectly through
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subsidized food production. These efforts have significantly reduced food insecurity in these regions. Similar
approaches are employed in developing countries but with less success. The discrepancy in the results may be
due to insufficient resource base, shorter duration of intervention.
The number of people without enough food to eat on a regular basis remains stubbornly high, at over 800 million,
and is not falling significantly. Over 60% of the world's undernourished people live in Asia, and a quarter in
Africa. The proportion of people who are hungry, however, is greater in Africa (33%) than Asia (16%). The
latest FAO figures indicate that there are 22 countries, 16 of which are in Africa, in which the undernourishment
prevalence rate is over 35%.
By way of comparison, in one of the largest food producing countries in the world, the United States,
approximately one out of six people are "food insecure", including 17 million children, according to the U.S
Department of Agriculture. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_security.
In most African countries, agriculture is the major source of food and income. Despite the potential to increase
agricultural production, the performance has been generally poor. The AU Commission’s Food Security Report
[2005]) estimated that African agricultural production has to increase by at least four to six percent per annum on
a sustained basis to meet the food needs of the African population that is expected to increase from about 900
million in 2005 to 1.26 billion in the year 2020. Therefore, the Commission has urged African Governments and
the private sector to commit them to supporting sustainable production and consumption of foods with high
nutritional value.
Currently in Ghana, in a research conducted by the Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis
(CFSVA), it was discovered that in Ghana, solely on the basis of household food consumption, 5% of the
population of 1.2 million people have limited access to sufficient and nutritious food for an active and healthy
life.
Food insecurity can be found mostly in the poorest regions, which are also the areas most prone to adverse
weather conditions such as floods and droughts, and have been affected by soaring food prices. All over the
country, about 2 million people are vulnerable to become food insecure. In the rural areas of the Upper West,
Upper East and Northern regions, 507,000 people were found to be vulnerable to becoming food insecure. Up to
1.5 million people vulnerable to food insecurity live in the rural and urban areas of the seven remaining regions
with the largest share in the Brong-Ahafo Region.
This paper therefore examine the attitude of women in the study area towards contribution in household
food security, kind of agricultural activities women engage sustaining their livelihood and the socio
economic and cultural factors that affect women in contributing to food household food security.
1.2 Study Area
The Kassena Nankana East District lies within the Guinea Savannah woodlands. It is one of the nine (9)
districts in the Upper East Region of Ghana.
Fig. 1.1 shows the map of Kassena Nankana East District and the surroundings. The District shares boundaries to
the North with Kassena-Nankana-West and Burkina Faso, to the East with Kassena-Nankana West and
Bolgatanga Districts, West with the Builsa District and South with West Mamprusi District in the Northern
Region
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Map of the study area
1.3 Data and Methods
Data for this study were collected from both primary and secondary sources. This coupled with oral interviews
from opinion leaders, direct observation and questionnaire administration. These constitute the major
information used for empirical analysis in this study. Questionnaire were administered to 160 respondents using
simple random sampling methods to obtain information the socio-economic characteristics of respondents on
their involvement in food production in the area, mode of farming and land acquisition for agricultural purposes.
Data obtained from the field were analysed through descriptive statistics.
1.4. Results and Discussion
Women attitudes towards contribution in household food security in study area
Table 1 shows the percentage of women selecting positive (strongly agree or agree) responses on the attitude
scale by settlement. The table shows that over half of the participants constituting 57.3% of the women in this
study reacted positively towards contribution in household food security in the Kasena-Nankana East District
The three highest expression of positive attitude to the variables was in ‘Interest in contributing to household’,
‘Understanding of food security’ and ‘Socio-economic development and cultural factors’ with 73.6%, 71.9% and
63.5% responding to them.
Percentage of Women Selecting Positive Responses for Various Attitudinal Dimensions in all Settlements
Attitude Variables
Percentage Positive Responses
Bonia Kwarania Gaani Vunania Biu Naaga All
Understanding of food security 72.2 68.3 80.5 68.0 70.2 69.4 71.9
Spouse/family expectations 39.0 40.4 40.3 33.2 30.6 42.4
37.7
Interest in contributing to household 70.2 72.0 78.2 68.8 82.2 70.0
73.6
Confidence in other agriculture
supportive resources
52.3 60.7 44.1 53.0 59.4 68.6 56.4
Anxiety in governmental and
nongovernmental interventions
57.3 48.2 55.5 47.0 48.2 40.1 49.4
Socio-economic development and
cultural factors 68.4 69.0 50.4 63.5 68.0 61.7 63.5
All items 59.9 51.2 58.2 55.9 59.8 58.7 57.3
The table shows that the settlement with the three most positive attitude women towards household food security
were in Bonia, Biu and Naaga with percentages 59.9, 59.8 and 58.7 respectively. The least percentage positive
response was in Kwarania with 51.2% responding to the statements.
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1.5 The social-cultural factors that affect women contribution to food security
Many issues were pointed out by the respondents as factors that affect women contribution to food security. The
women at the focus group discussion said that, there was no involvement of women in traditional rituals among
others. No inclusion of women in the decision- making process, for example, the distribution of farm lands and
the sale of family lands. In addition to that, was the issue of widowhood rites from some families’ members
where property of decease were taken by immediate brothers at the expense of their wives thereby depriving
them from contributing effectively to food security situation in the area.
Responses from the questionnaires indicated various factors. A list consisting of eleven statements with respect
to socio-cultural factors that affect women roles in household food security were presented to respondents. They
were to strongly agree, agree, strongly disagree, disagree and no opinion. A mean score between 2.2 and 2.3
shows that respondents have neutral view about the statement. A mean score below 2.2 indicates that
respondents disagree that statement is factor that affect women contribution to household food security and a
mean score between 2.35 and above indicates that respondents a
1.6 Social-Cultural factors that affect Women Contribution to food security
Statement number Mean Standard
deviation
Decision making 160 2.73 1.21
Widowhood rites 160 2.35 1.13
Subordinated roles played by women 160 2.48 1.25
Access to education 160 3.27 1.11
Access to health care 160 3.37 1.08
Access to credit facility 160 3.17 1.12
Access to land 160 3.04 1.24
Female household headship 160 2.08 1.22
Insufficient purchasing power to buy food 160 2.26 1.31
No recognition for women’s actual roles and
responsibilities
160 2.37 1.45
Lack of data on female contribution to food security
in the community 160
3.01 1.15
Total 160 2.74 1.21
It was agreed that decision making role of women in the area affects their contribution to household food
security. A mean score of 2.73 (standard deviation of 1.210) was obtained out of 159 respondents. This means
respondents agreed that decision making affects the contribution of women to food security in the district.
The next item was that the performance of widowhood rites affects women contribution to food security in the
district. A mean score of 2.35 was obtained from the respondents indicating that the respondents agreed to the
statement.
Another statement was that women subordinated roles in the families affect their contribution to food security in
the district. The respondents with a mean score of 2.48 agreed to the statement.
In addition, respondents agreed that access to education, health care, credit facility and land affect women
contribution to food security in the study area. Mean scores of 3.27, 3.37, 3.17 and 3.04 respectively were
obtained from 159 respondents.
However, respondents disagreed that female headship in the family affects women contribution to food security
in the area while respondents were neutral to the view that insufficient purchasing power to buy food affects
women’s contribution to food security in the study area.
As part of the objectives, the study was to determine how women in their communities contribute to household
food security especially in agricultural activities. This section therefore explores the participation of women in
agricultural activities towards household food security Respondents described several roles as to how they
contribute currently. Respondents contacted using questionnaires indicate following.
Specifically, on the issue of women involvement in agricultural production, 84.4 percent representing 135 of the
respondents stated they are into agricultural production. This is shown in figure 1.1
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Source: Field Data (2012)
Main crops produced by women in the district
Among the agricultural activities towards household food security, women undertake farm activities and
agricultural labour. They undertake crop farming to feed the family.
were mainly rice, soya bean, millet, maize, groundnuts, beans, guinea corn and various vegetables.
(83.8%) of the respondents indicated that
This is shown in figure 4.5.
About 97 percent of the respondents mentioned that women cultivate groundnut. Also 90 percent indicated that
they cultivate rice. The study further
production respectively, Their response are shown in the
系列1, No,
15.6
Figure 5: Women involvement in Agricultural
系列1, No,
16.2, 16%
Figure 6: women into crop production
FIG.1.2 WOMEN INTO CROP PRODUCTION
FIG. 1.4: WOMEN INVOLVE IN AGRICULTUREAL PRODUCTION
0948 (Online)
167
Main crops produced by women in the district
Among the agricultural activities towards household food security, women undertake farm activities and
tural labour. They undertake crop farming to feed the family. The major crops produced in the District
were mainly rice, soya bean, millet, maize, groundnuts, beans, guinea corn and various vegetables.
(83.8%) of the respondents indicated that they undertake crop farming with 16.2 percent indicated otherwise.
About 97 percent of the respondents mentioned that women cultivate groundnut. Also 90 percent indicated that
they cultivate rice. The study further revealed that 91 and 78 percent of the respondents are into beans and maize
production respectively, Their response are shown in the
系列1, Yes,
84.4
Percentage
Figure 5: Women involvement in Agricultural
Production
Yes
No
系列1, Yes,
83.8, 84%
1, No,
16.2, 16%
Figure 6: women into crop production
FIG.1.2 WOMEN INTO CROP PRODUCTION
FIG. 1.4: WOMEN INVOLVE IN AGRICULTUREAL PRODUCTION
www.iiste.org
Among the agricultural activities towards household food security, women undertake farm activities and
The major crops produced in the District
were mainly rice, soya bean, millet, maize, groundnuts, beans, guinea corn and various vegetables. Almost all
they undertake crop farming with 16.2 percent indicated otherwise.
About 97 percent of the respondents mentioned that women cultivate groundnut. Also 90 percent indicated that
respondents are into beans and maize
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Table 1.2: crop production in the district
Crop cultivated Frequency Percent
Rice 121 90
Beans 122 91
Maize 105 78
Millet 73 54
Groundnut 130 97
Pepper 55 41
Others 32 24
The study further indicated that about 77 percent of the respondents produce between 1 and 10 bags of rice, 57
percent of the respondents produce less than 5 bags of beans and 65 percent produce between 5 and 10 bags of
maize. About 66 percent of millet producers produced between 5 and 10 bags. Their response is shown in table
4.3
Table 1.3 : Volume of Crop Production in the District
Crop cultivated Less than 5
bags
5- 10 bags 11- 20 bags 21 +bags Total
Rice 38 39 19 4 100
Beans 57 30 14 0 100
Maize 10 65 22 3 100
Millet 30 66 3 1 100
Groundnut 8 52 22 18 100
Pepper 78 22 0 0 100
Others 91 9 0 0 100
The study further revealed that about 63 percent of the respondents’ rear between 1 and 10 sheep to supplement
the food production, 58 percent of the respondents’ rear between 5 and 10 goats and 55 percent of respondents
who rear pig rear between 5 and 10 animals. About 78 percent of the respondents who are into cattle rearing rear
between 1 and 10 cows to support their crop production in the study area.
On the statement that no recognition for women’s actual roles and responsibilities affect their contribution to
food security in the area, respondents with a mean score of 2.37 agreed to the statement.
1.2 Access to agricultural supportive resources
With regard to whether women have access to agricultural supportive resources, about 81 percent of the
respondents stated yes with 19 percent indicating otherwise. This shown in figure
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Vol. 3, No.7, 2013
The respondents further indicated various kinds of agricultural supportive resources. Fifty seven (57%)
percent mentioned new technology and 32 percent indicated land. The result is indicated in table 9
Figure 1.2 Access to Agricultural Supportive Res
Figure 1.2 shows that 43.3% of the respondents stated that they regularly have access to these resources while
about 28% indicated that they occasionaly have these resource
1.5 Recommendations
1. Considering the fact that women in the upp
production, the paper outline the following policy recommendations
Women who formed the majority in food production should be involved in decision making that has to do with
land acquisition.
Credit facilities should be given to women farmer to enable their increase their production capacities.
3. Government and other NGOs should come to the aid of female farmers groups in the area by given them
education on the modern methods of farming. This ca
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Access to Agricultural Supportive Resources by Women
Figure 1.2 shows that 43.3% of the respondents stated that they regularly have access to these resources while
about 28% indicated that they occasionaly have these resource
1. Considering the fact that women in the upper east region of Ghana contribute significantly in food crop
production, the paper outline the following policy recommendations
Women who formed the majority in food production should be involved in decision making that has to do with
edit facilities should be given to women farmer to enable their increase their production capacities.
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