The Civil Rights Movement

1. The Civil Rights
Movement

2. 1909: NAACP founded

3. 1942: Congress of
Racial Equality
(CORE) founded

4. 1948: Truman desegregates Armed Services

5. Linda Brown Thurgood Marshall
Brown v. Board of Ed., Topeka, KS, 1954

6. Federal
troops sent to
protect black
students.
White mobs
protested
when black
students
entered
schools
Ex: Little
Rock 9
NAACP
lawyer
Thurgood
Marshall
represents
Linda Brown.
She sues to
attend the
nearby white
school
integrate
public schools
Brown v. BOE,
Topeka,
Kansas
Federal
Response
Local
Reaction
Description
Goals
Event

7. 1953-1969: Earl Warren Court

8. 1953-1969: Earl Warren Court
Brown v. Board of Education (1954): school desegregation
Mapp v. Ohio (1961): no court use of evidence obtained in
violation of Fourth Amendment
Engel v. Vitale (1962): no official school prayer
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963): right to a public defender
Miranda v. Arizona (1966): right to remain silent without
the presence of an attorney
Loving v. Virginia (1967): interracial marriage

9. 1955: Emmett Till murdered

10. Montgomery, AL Bus Boycott, 1955-56
Rosa Parks Martin Luther King, Jr.

11. Won Montgomery Bus
Boycott, led SCLC,
Birmingham protest,
March on Washington,
Selma campaign.
Got the Civil Rights Act
of 1964 and Voting
Rights Act of 1965.
Nonviolent / passive
resistance. Civil
disobedience, “fill the
jails” approach.
Martin Luther King
Accomplishments / Role
Philosophy
Leader

12. Supreme
Court ruled in
favor of
boycott.
MLK’s home
bombed.
Rosa Parks,
NAACP
secretary,
refuses to
give bus seat
to a white
man.
Martin Luther
King leads a
381 day
boycott.
Integrate
public trans-
portation
Montgomery
Bus Boycott
Federal
Response
Local
Reaction
Description
Goals
Event

13. Little Rock Nine, Little Rock, Arkansas, 1956

14. 1957: Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference (SCLC)
founded

15. 1959: “We Shall Overcome”
becomes civil right anthem
We shall overcome …
Oh, deep in my heart,
I do believe
We shall overcome, some day.
…
We'll walk hand in hand, some day.
…
We shall live in peace, some day.
…
We shall all be free, some day.
…
We are not afraid, TODAY
..
We shall overcome, some day.

16. Ezell Blair, Jr.
Franklin McCain
Joseph McNeil
David Richmond
1960: Woolworth Dept.
Store lunch-counter sit-
ins in Greensboro, NC

17. Beatings,
arrests,
suspension
Woolworth
counter,
Greensboro,
NC , 1960.
Four NC A&T
students sat
at a “whites
only” counter
Integrate
public lunch
counters
Sit-Ins
Federal
Response
Local
Reaction
Description
Goals
Event

18. 1960: Student Nonviolent Coordinating
Committee (SNCC) founded

19. Freedom Riders, 1961

20. Atty. General
Robert
Kennedy
orders 400
marshals to
protect them.
Mobs attack
buses,
beating, fire-
bombings
College
students,
black and
white, rode
buses
throughout
the South
over the
summer of
1961
Integrate
interstate
buses
Freedom
Rides
Federal
Response
Local
Reaction
Description
Goals
Event

21. 1962: James Meredith admitted
to University of Mississippi

22. 1963: Vivian Malone admitted
to University of Alabama

23. Federal
courts rule in
favor of
integration,
federal
marshals
protect black
students.
Entry blocked
by state
governors
James
Meredith at
U. of Miss.
Vivian
Malone and
Jimmy Hood
at U. of
Alabama
Integrate
public
colleges
Integration of
Universities
Federal
Response
Local
Reaction
Description
Goals
Event

24. Birmingham, AL
Demonstrations,
1963
• Letters from a
Birmingham Jail
• Children’s March
• “Bull” Conner

25. JFK asks for
calm,
promises a
federal civil
rights law
Arrests, jail
Police Chief
“Bull” Connor,
calls out dogs
& fire hoses
Marches,
boycotts,
MLK’s “Letter
From a
Birmingham
Jail”,
children’s
march
Desegregate
the whole city
– lunch
counters,
buses, hiring
Birmingham,
AL demon-
strations
Federal
Response
Local
Reaction
Description
Goals
Event

26. March on Washington,
1963

27. The law is
passed –
prohibiting
dis-
crimination
on basis of
race,
ethnicity,
religion,
gender, or
national
origin.
In D.C. –
peaceful
Later, KKK
bombs a
church in
Birmingham
killing four
girls
200,000 +
people gather
MLK gives
“I Have a
Dream”
speech
Support
passage of
Civil Rights
Act of 1964
March on
Washington
Federal
Response
Local
Reaction
Description
Goals
Event

28. Civil Rights Act of 1964

29. 1964: 24th Amendment ratified

30. Freedom Summer,
1964

31. 1964: Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
founded by Fannie Lou Hamer

32. Klan kills 4,
wounds 4, 80
beaten,
bombings
College
students and
activists hold
a voter
registration
drive
Voting rights
Freedom
Summer
Federal
Response
Local
Reaction
Description
Goals
Event

33. March on Selma, AL,
1965

34. Voting Rights Act of 1965

35. 1965:
Malcolm X
Assassinated

36. Inspired a sense of black
identity / empowerment
Nation of Islam member,
segregation, armed self
defense
Malcolm X (Pre-Mecca)
Accomplishments / Role
Philosophy
Leader
Malcolm X (Post-Mecca) Racial equality, peace,
integration, strengthen
black communities.
Was martyred for
criticizing the Nation
of Islam.

37. 1965: Watts Riots in Los Angeles, CA

38. 1966: Huey Newton and
Bobby Seale found Black Panthers

39. Est. daycares, free
breakfast / job programs
Black Panthers:
• fight police brutality
• take control of black
communities
• exemption from
military service
• advocate armed
revolt
• Felt justice system
was racist.
Huey Newton and
Bobby Seale
Accomplishments / Role
Philosophy
Leader

40. 1967-8:
Widespread
race riots
throughout
USA

41. 1967: Kerner Commission investigates race riots

42. 1968: Stokely Carmichael founds “Black Power” Movement

43. Largely symbolic.
Later joined the Black
Panthers.
Black Power movement
leader.
Meet violence with
violence.
Blacks should define
own goals /
organizations
Stokely Carmichael
Accomplishments / Role
Philosophy
Leader

44. 1968: Tommie Smith and
John Carlos give black
power salute at Mexico City
Olympics

45. 1968: MLK
assassinated

46. 1968: George Wallace runs as pro-segregation
American Independent Party presidential candidate

47. 1968: George Wallace runs as pro-segregation
American Independent Party presidential candidate

48. Civil Rights Act of 1968

49. Women’s Movement
1949: The Second Sex by Simone de Beauvoir
1961: birth control pill
1963: Equal Pay Act
1964: The Feminine Mystique by Betty
Friedan
1964: Civil Rights Act bans employment
discrimination on account of sex

50. 1966: National Organization
for Women (NOW)
1968: Miss America Pageant
protest
1968: Shirley Chisholm elected
first black congresswoman.

51. 1969: California No-Fault Divorce law

52. 1972: Equal Rights
Amendment (ERA) for
ratification
1972: Shirley Chisholm wins
three states in Dem. Party
Pres. primaries

53. 1972: Gloria Steinem
published Ms. magazine

54. “A woman needs a man
like a fish needs a bicycle.”

55. 1973: Roe v. Wade declares laws prohibiting abortion are
unconstitutional.

56. 1974: Phyllis Schlafly forms
STOP ERA
1978: more women than men
enter college
1978: Pregnancy
Discrimination Act bans
employment discrimination
against pregnant women

57. 1979: Margaret Thatcher
first female PM of UK
1982: ERA falls three states
short of ratification

58. Chicano Movement
• 1962: Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta
= United Farm Workers

59. Chicano Movement
• Brown Berets
• La Raza Unida

60. American Indian Movement (AIM)
• Alcatraz prison occupation, 1969-1971
• Wounded Knee incident, 1973

61. 1961 article linking defections to the Soviet Union to homosexuality
Gay Liberation Movement
• 1940s-1960s Cold War-era Lavender Scare = homosexuals
considered subversive communist-sympathizers

62. Gay Liberation Movement
• 1950: Mattachine Society for gay rights
• 1955: Daughters of Bilitis (DOB) for lesbian rights
• The Ladder magazine, 1956-1972

63. Left: A group of youth posed during a lull in
the second night of rioting.
Right: Police forced people outside the
Stonewall Inn.
Gay Liberation Movement
• Stonewall Inn riots, 1969

64. Gay Liberation Movement
• Stonewall Inn riots, 1969

65. Gay Liberation march June 1970. Left poster reads “Transsexuals Unite.”
Center poster reads “Gays Unite.”
Gay Liberation Movement
• Christopher Street Parade, 1970

66. Harvey Milk
• elected city supervisor of
San Francisco, CA in 1977
• passed a local ban on
discrimination in public
accommodations,
housing, and employment
based on sexual
orientation
• assassinated less than 11
months in office