1. White dwarfs are dense, cooling remnants of stars like our Sun that have masses around 60% of the Sun's mass and radii similar to Earth's. Their extreme density means that heavy elements in them should sink quickly. 2. However, some cooler white dwarfs still show evidence of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, and iron in their atmospheres, which comes from the stars absorbing material from shredded planets orbiting them. 3. By measuring the spectrum of light from white dwarfs, the chemicals present can be identified by their absorption features, and their velocities and amounts determined. Extra absorption features in some stars could mean chemicals exist both in the star and between it and Earth.