2. C E L L
the smallest basic structural and functional
unit of an organism.
two types of multicellular organism (contains
2 or more cell in its body):
1. Animal Cell
2. Plant Cell.
3. MAJOR PARTS OF THE ANIMAL CELL
CELL MEMBRANE
- the outermost layer in the animal cell.
- keeps all the parts of the cell inside.
- controls what enters and exits the cell such
as water, nutrients and waste and thereby
protects and supports the cell.
4. MAJOR PARTS OF THE ANIMAL CELL
CYTOPLASM
- large and fluid-filled (called protoplasm)
- fills up the space between the nucleus and the cell
membrane.
- jelly-like substance compose of mainly water as well as
dissolved nutrients
- where membrane-bound organelles are embedded.
5. MAJOR PARTS OF THE ANIMAL CELL
NUCLEUS
- located in the cytoplasm of the cell
- controls and regulates all cell activities
- the control center of the cell and it
contains the cell’s DNA.
8. ORGANELLES FOUND IN BOTH ANIMAL AND
PLANT CELL
1. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
- referred to as the “highway” of the cell
that moves materials around to other parts.
- serves as canal for substances
- two kinds:
a. smooth: without attached ribosomes
b. rough: with attached ribosomes
9. 2. RIBOSOME
- made up of RNA and
other protein.
- main function is for
synthesizing proteins.
ORGANELLES FOUND IN BOTH ANIMAL AND
PLANT CELL
10. 3. GOLGI BODIES
- set of flattened sacs that serves
as the packaging and distribution
center of the cell.
- packages, stores, and secretes
energy.
ORGANELLES FOUND IN BOTH ANIMAL AND
PLANT CELL
11. 4. MITOCHONDRIA
- breaks down food and release energy to
cell - the “Powerhouse” of the cell
- cite of cellular respiration (burning
glucose)
- produces energy through chemical
reactions – breaking down fats and
carbohydrates.
- most common in animals although present
in plants in few numbers.
- has double membrane: a. Cristae -inner
folds b. Matrix -fluid part
ORGANELLES FOUND IN BOTH ANIMAL AND
PLANT CELL
12. Mitochondria Come from
cytoplasm in the EGG cell during
fertilization
Therefore …
You inherit your mitochondria
from your mother!
13. ORGANELLES FOUND IN AN ANIMAL CELL
5. VESICLES
- carry materials in and
out of the cell. These
include food particles
needed by the cell and
waste products secreted by
the cell.
Materials are transported from Rough ER to
Golgi to the cell membrane by VESICLES
14. 6. PEROXISOMES
-absorb nutrients that cell has acquired. They digest
fatty acids and play a role in the digestion of alcohol,
cholesterol synthesis and digestion of amino acids.
7. CHROMOSOMES
-located in the nucleus and is made up of DNA.
Contain instructions for traits & characteristics.
ORGANELLES FOUND IN BOTH ANIMAL AND
PLANT CELL
15. 8. NUCLEOLUS
- located inside the nucleus and contains RNA to build
protein.
- surrounded by a fluid called nucleoplasm.
9. VACUOLE
- stores food or nutrients a cell might need to survive
- may also store waste products, so the rest of the cell is
protected from contamination. In plants, the central vacuole
regulates the plant cell’s concentration of water in changing
environmental conditions
ORGANELLES FOUND IN BOTH ANIMAL AND
PLANT CELL
16. 10. CENTROSOMES
- microtubule-organizing center found near the nuclei of animal cells.
It contains a pair of centrioles. The centrosome replicates itself before a
cell divides.
11. LYSOSOMES
- small, spherical organelles that contain digestive enzymes for
proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
- transport undigested material to cell membrane for removal. Cell
breaks down if lysosome explodes.
- absent in plant cell
ORGANELLES FOUND IN ANIMAL CELL
17. 12. CENTRIOLES
- Found only in animal cells
- Paired structures near nucleus
- Each centriole is a ring of nine groups of fused microtubules.
- There are three microtubules in each group.
- Appear during cell division forming mitotic spindle
- Help to pull chromosome pairs apart to opposite ends of the
cell
ORGANELLES FOUND IN ANIMAL CELL
20. MAJOR PARTS OF A PLANT CELL
1. CELL WALL
- found in plant cells but not in animal
cells
- outermost layer in the plant cell.
- stiff and rigid and helps a plant keep
its shape.
- allow materials like water and
nutrients; waste, oxygen and carbon
dioxide to pass to and from the cell
21. MAJOR PARTS OF A PLANT CELL
2. CELL MEMBRANE
- second layer in the plant cell.
- keeps all the parts of the cell
inside
- semi-permeable and controls
what enters and exits the cell such
as water, nutrients and waste and
thereby protects and supports the
cell.
22. MAJOR PARTS OF A PLANT CELL
3. CHLOROPLAST
- only found in plant cells
- responsible for photosynthesis. It is
color green because of the pigment
called chlorophyll. Every green plant
you see is working to convert the
energy from the sun into sugars during
the process of photosynthesis.
23. MAJOR PARTS OF A PLANT CELL
4. CYTOPLASM
- large and fluid-filled (called
protoplasm)
- fills up the space between the
nucleus and the cell membrane.
- jelly-like substance compose of
mainly water as well as dissolved
nutrients
- where membrane-bound organelles
24. MAJOR PARTS OF A PLANT CELL
5. NUCLEUS
- located in the cytoplasm of
the cell
- controls and regulates all cell
activities
- the control center of the cell
and it contains the cell’s DNA.
25.
26.
27. PLANT CELL ORGANELLES
1. PLASTIDS
- double-membraned organelles found mainly in plants.
Types:
a. Chloroplasts: it contains the green pigment chlorophyll
which enables the plants to undergo the process of
photosynthesis.
b. Chromoplasts: gives yellow, orange and red color to fruits
and flowers.
c. Leucoplasts: are non-pigmented, located in roots, it stores
carbohydrates, proteins and fats.
28. PLANT CELL ORGANELLES
2. LARGE CENTRAL VACUOLE
- stores food, enzymes, and other materials needed by
the cell. - some vacuoles store waste products.
Plant cells contain large vacuoles, called central vacuoles
that contain liquid called cell sap. The cell sap is made up of
water, dissolved sugars, mineral salts and amino acids.
