The Book of Exodus with Commentary, Outline and the Bible in available versions and many languages.

1. EXODUS

2. I.INTRODUCTION
TO THE BOOK OF EXODUS
AUTHOR: MOSES DATE: 1450-1410 B.C.
Title The Hebrew title of the book is taken from the verse, “these are
the names of.” The English title comes from the title in the
Septuagint (a Greek translation). The Exodus (“way out”) is the
principal theme of the book (cf. 19:1).
Authorship Since the time of Joshua, the book has been attributed
to Moses (Josh. 8:31-35; cf. Ex. 20:25), a conclusion affirmed by
Jesus Christ (cf. Mark 12:26). Evidences from the Book itself lead to
the conclusion that the author was a highly educated man who had
been a long-time resident of Egypt and was an eyewitness of the
Exodus. He was acquainted with the crop sequence in Lower Egypt
(Ex. 9:31-32); his descriptions accurately conform to known
conditions (2:3,12); and he includes details suitable only to an
eyewitness account (e.g., 15:27).
Date of the Exodus Two principal views exist concerning the date
o the Exodus: c. 1445-1440 B.C. during the reign of Raamses II
(1299-1232). Scriptural evidence for the earlier date includes the
statement of 1 Kings 6:1 that the Exodus occurred 480 years before
the fourth year of Solomon’s reign, thus placing it c. 1445. Further,
in Judg. 11:26, Jephthah (c. 1100 B.C.) declared that Israel had
possessed the land of Palestine for 300 years, which would date the
Exodus c. 1400 B.C.
Objections to the earlier date include the following: (1) The
Exodus could not have taken place until after 1300 because the city
of Raamses was named after the pharaoh who was ruling at that
time, and Raamses did not rule until 1299. However, if the Exodus
was about 1290 and Moses and Moses was eighty at that time, and
since the city was built before Moses’ birth, the Exodus could not
have been as late as 1290 since there is no room for the eighty years
of Moses’ life between 1299 and 1290. (2) It is said that the presence
of strong opposition of the Israelites from the Edomites (Num.
20:20-21) was impossible before 1300 since the area of southern
Transjordan was unoccupied from 1900-1300. Yet excavations in
that area have uncovered objects and pottery dating as early as
1600. (3) It is claimed that Hazor did not fall to the Israelites until
1300 B.C. However, Scripture states that it fell twice: first in the

3. days of Joshua (Josh. 11:10-11) and later in the time of Deborah and
Barak (Judg. 4:2, 23-24). Further, there is evidence in one area of
the excavated city of a destruction around 1400. (4) The destruction
of Lachish (Josh. 10:32) and Debir (Josh. 10:38-39) is said to have
occurred 1230-1200 B.C., indicating a late date for the Exodus. But
the book of Joshua does not claim that these cities were completely
destroyed by Joshua (as Jericho was). Further, the Stele of Pharaoh
Merneptah represents the Hebrews as settled in Canaan when
Merneptah’s armies attacked them about 1230, and so the Exodus
had to be somewhat earlier than 1290.
Thus there is no compelling reason not to accept the earlier date,
particularly in view of scriptural evidence.
Contents The theme of the book is deliverance from Egypt, in
fulfillment of the promise of Gen. 15:13-14. The book records the
birth of the nation Israel, the giving of the Law, and the origin of
ritual worship. The revelation of God is paramount throughout the
book. He is the one who controls history (Ex. 1); He revealed Himself
in a new name (3:14); He is the sovereign of the covenant
relationship (19:5); He is the faithful redeemer (6:6; 15:13); He is
judge of His own people (4:14; 20:5; 32:27-28) and of His foes
(chaps. 7-12); He is the transcendent one (33:20) who nevertheless
live among His people (29:45). Favorite passages include the birth
and protection of Moses (chap. 2), the call of Moses (3:14; 5:1), the
crossing of the Red sea (chap. 14), the manna story (chap. 16), the
Ten Commandments (chap. 20), the tabernacle (chaps. 25-27), and
the golden calf (chap. 32).

4. II. OUTLINE OF EXODUS
I. Israel in Egypt: Subjection, 1:1-12:36
A. God Chooses Moses, 1:1-4:31
1. The oppression of Israel, 1:1-22
2. The preparation of Moses, 2:1-25
a. Moses’ first forty years, 2:1-25
b. Moses’ second forty years, 2:11-25
3. The call of Moses, 3:1-4:31
a. God’s revelation of Himself, 3:1-22
b. Moses’ objections, 4:1-17
c. Moses response to God’s call, 4:18-31
B. God Sends Moses to Pharaoh, 5:1-7:13
1. First encounter with Pharaoh, 5:1-7:7
2. Second encounter with Pharaoh, 7:8-13
C. God Authenticates Moses by the Plagues, 7:14-12:36
1. First plague: blood, 7:14-24
2. Second plague: frogs, 7:25-8:15
3. Third plague: gnats (lice), 8:16-19
4. Fourth plague: flies, 8:20-32
5. Fifth plague: disease on the livestock, 9:1-7
6. Sixth plague: boils on man and animals, 9:8-12
7. Seventh plague: hail, 9:13-35
8. Eighth plague: locusts, 10:1-20
9. Ninth plague: darkness, 10:21-29
10. Tenth plague: death, 11:1-12:36
a. The plague announced, 11:1-10
b. The Passover instituted, 12:1-36
II. Israel’s Journey to Sinai: Emancipation, 12:37-18:27
A. The Departure from Egypt, 12:37-51
B. The Dedication of the First-born, 13:1-16
C. The Direction of the Cloud and Fire, 13:17-22
D. The Drying Up of the Red Sea, 14:1-22
E. The Destruction of the Pursuing, Egyptians, 14:23-31
F. The Deliverance Sung by Moses and the People, 15:1-21

5. G. The Dissatisfaction of the People, 15:22-17:7
1. The complaint about bitter water, 15:22-27
2. The complaint about hunger: the manna, 16:1-36
3. The complaint about lack of water, 17:1-7
H. The Defeat of Amalek, 17:8-16
I. The Division of Responsibility, 18:1-27
III. Israel at Sinai: Revelation, 19:1-40:38
A. The Giving of the Law, 19:1-24:18
1. The covenant proposed and accepted, 19:1-25
2. The Ten Commandments, 20:1-26
3. Laws concerning servants, 21:1-11
4. Laws concerning personal injury, 21:12-36
5. Laws concerning theft, 22:1-4
6. Laws concerning property damage, 22:5-6
7. Laws concerning dishonesty, 22:7-15
8. Laws concerning immorality, 22:16-17
9. Laws concerning civil and religious obligations, 22:18-
23:9
10. Laws concerning the Sabbaths and feasts, 23:10-19
11. Laws relating to conquest, 23:20-33
12. The covenant ratified, 24:1-8
13. The Lord’s glory revealed, 24:9-18
B. The Institution of the Tabernacle, 25:1-31:18
1. The materials, 25:1-9
2. The Ark and Atonement Cover (Mercy Seat), 25:10-22
3. The table for the bread, 25:23-30
4. The lampstand, 25:31-40
5. The curtains, 26:1-14
6. The frames, 26:15-30
7. The curtains, 26:15-30
8. The bronze altar, 27:1-8
9. The courtyard, 27:9-19
10. The oil, 27:20-21
11. The priests garments, 28:1-43
12. The priests’ consecration, 29:1-46
13. The altar of incense, 30:1-10
14. The atonement money, 30:11-16
15. The basin, 30:17-21
16. The anointing oil, 20:22-33
17. The incense, 30:34-38
18. The builders, 31:1-11
19. The sign of the Sabbath, 31:12-18

6. C. The Breaking of the Law, 32:1-34:35
1. The sin of the people: the golden calf, 32:1-10
2. The intercession and wrath of Moses, 32:11-35
3. The repentance of the people, 33:1-11
4. The prayer of Moses, 33:12-23
5. The covenant renewed, 34:1-35
D. The Construction of the Tabernacle, 35:1-40:38
1. The instructions to the people, 35:1-36:7
2. The curtains made, 36:8-19
3. The frames made, 36:20-34
4. The curtain made, 36:35-38
5. The ark made, 37:1-9
6. The table made, 37:10-16
7. The lampstand made, 37:17-24
8. The altar of incense made, 37:25-28
9. The bronze altar made, 38:1-7
10. The basin made, 38:8
11. The courtyard made, 38:9-20
12. The materials used, 38:21-31
13. The garments for Aaron made, 39:1-31
14. The work inspected by Moses, 39:32-43
15. The tabernacle erected, 40:1-33
16. The tabernacle filled (indwelt) by the Lord Himself, 40:34-
38
■ Source: Bible. English. New International. 1986.
The Ryrie study Bible

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