The Bodhisattva

The Bodhisattva
Bodhisattva is a sculpture from the region of central Tibet, now displayed in the Rubin Museum in
New York. It is a large–scale sculpture, standing at approximately 6 7/8 inches, that was made by
craftsmen recruited in Tibet, who were known for their artistic skills. Bodhisattvas are awakened
beings who aspire to attain enlightenment and help others to achieve it by postponing nirvana and
buddhahood. This sculpture is portrayed in a harmonious and compassionate state. The Bodhisattva
is showcased as a mentor figure, seeking to help others achieve enlightenment, through its pose,
facial expression, and body movement. The pose of the Bodhisattva represents itself holding itself
back, helping assist others to achieve enlightenment before itself, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The representation of its high class status allows the Bodhisattva to be revered upon by many to help
them grasp their way towards achieving enlightenment. Probably the most noticeable piece of the
sculpture is the lavish jewelry the Bodhisattva wears. The use of copper enhances the jewelry that
adorns its body. It is wearing a three–leaved bejeweled crown and there is the dramatic rendering of
the hair where the strands of braids end in little curls as it rests towards its broad shoulders. There
are insets of precious stones visible on the bejeweled crown, large earrings, pearl necklace,
armbands, and bracelets that are now
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

The Bodhisattva Journey
The land of the bliss, which can also be known as the pure land. The pure land is a celestial realm of
a Buddha in Mahayana Buddhism. When the Buddha was describing this pure land he went to speak
on how it would have conditions, which had to be met for him to become the Buddha. With these
conditions he made a series of forty–eight vows. Along with the land of the bliss I will speak on the
Bodhisattva journey, which requires you to hear the Dharma and practice the six perfections, which
are giving, vigor, meditation, wisdom, morality and patience. Giving is the giving of material things,
ones life and time. Morality is when you are suppose to practice the ten good actions which are, not
to kill, not to steal, not to engage in illicit sexual

The Jataka Tale Of The Hungry Tigress
The Jataka tales are an integral part of Buddhist literature as they illustrate the "great deeds, in past
lives of the being that was to become the Buddha Gautama." (Harvey 99)In such tales, the
Bodhisattva character "...does some inspiring deed of generosity, kindness or wisdom... identified
with the Buddha or his key disciples..." (99) In the story of the Hungry Tigress, a human, brahmin
Bodhisattva stumbles across a starving tigress with her cubs while out meditating in nearby caves.
Shocked and saddened upon seeing the dying creature; attempting to eat her own kin, the
Bodhisattva deliberates how he can save this beautiful creature. He decides in a moment of passion
and emptiness to hurl himself off the mountainside to where the tigress is so she can be saved by
eating his body. His disciples become aware of this awe–inspiring act and are moved by the loving
and kindness of this Bodhisattva. Interestingly, when analyzing the Jataka tale of the Hungry
Tigress, one can point to parallels between the Bodhisattva protagonist to the practice and teachings
of the Arahat of the Theravada school, the Bodhisattva of the Mahayana school and the follower of
the quicker path to Buddhahood of the Vajrayana school. However, the self–sacrificial actions of the
bodhisattva at the end of the tale is analogous to the Guru of the school of Vajrayana, leading one to
believe that this story best follows the thunderbolt vehicle of Vajrayana.
In the school of Theravada Buddhism, one strives to

Buddhist Lojong Slogans In Start Where You Are
Buddhist lojong slogans, as explained by Pema Chödrön in Start Where You Are, show the
fearlessness and emerging of a sympathetic heart. The basic idea of lojong is that we can
acknowledge that that we discard; the things that we see as "bad" in others. The lojong slogan of,
"Always abide by the three basic principles," talks about our ethical responsibility for all beings.
This slogan talks about how we as human beings are to treat others with respect and sympathy. This
slogan can help in circumstances where there are situations where we might have difficulties
understanding others or helping others in situations we cannot begin to understand. It can be
understood so that we learn to keep our moral and ethical values, being calm, and being patient.
Though, in times, we may never be able to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The most important thing is to try our best and work towards the greatest good for the world that we
can, even if that is impossible. Bodhicitta is a way of gaining enlightenment by developing trust in
our heart, or in other words, compassion. The three abilities of Bodhicitta are: soft and gentle, clear
and sharp (prajna), and emptiness (shunyata) (Chödrön pg. 11). The idea of Bodhicitta relates to the
slogan of "Always abide by the three basic principles" (Chödrön pg. 104). The slogan contains
themes of discipline with prajna, compassion, and patience with its soft and gentleness of
Bodhicitta, within interactions with others in the world. In Bodhicitta, when we are to be motivated
by our love to help others and to grow away from the attachment that we are the only thing in the
world that we need to care about, we can understand our

Seated Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara ( Guanyin )
The group of objects chosen for this paper comes from the collection of the Saint Louis Art
Museum. The title of both pieces is called Seated Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara (Guanyin). Both these
pieces which are statues were sculpted in china. The earliest statue was made during the Tang
dynasty. While, the later statue was made during the Northern Song dynasty. These statues were
chosen because the same deity is depicted and were made in a similar geographic and cultural
location. This allows for the comparison of the different styles between the 2 periods. The statue
made during the Northern Song dynasty depicts the Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara sitting in a pose
called the relaxed pose or easy pose. This statue also depicts the Bodhisattva adorned in lavish silk
garments while a jeweled crown sits atop his head. The statue is carved from wood and painted with
gesso, pigments, and gilding. The statue made during the Tang Dynasty depicts the Bodhisattva
sitting in the easy pose as well. It also depicts the Bodhisattva in flowing robes while wearing a
string of jewels.
These 2 statues depict the Buddhist deity whose name is Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara. The other
names for this deity is Guanyin Bodhisattva, and the goddess of mercy. This deity is worshipped by
all schools of Buddhism, but is mostly associated with Mahayana Buddhism, which is a school of
Buddhism which states that anyone can become a Buddha with practice. The purpose of
Bodhisattvas is to guide those seeking to

The Elements Of Buddhist Art
In Ancient Pakistan, an area of land known as Gandhara produced a great deal of Buddhist art. The
works had a very specific style and set of influences that have been compared by art historians
throughout time. The image of what a people call the "Gandharan Buddha" is easily recognizable for
its distinct features. However, this image is not always universal between Gandharan art. Different
works can share similar features and distinction, but can also have many differences. These can lie
in not only the subjects and how they are approached, but also in the way different areas of the
region approach their art. In order to fully understand Gandharan Buddhist art, it is important to look
at pieces with different subjects, mediums, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These physical attributes, along with symbolic garb and poses are fairly universal across the Asian
continent and the Buddhist art that was created over time. Gandhara was a region between modern–
day Pakistan and Afghanistan. Specifically, during the Kushan Period, lasting from the late 1st c.
BCE to the 3rd c. CE, many images of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas were created with similar styles.
With its close proximity to the Mediterranean and the carrying of culture along the silk road, artistic
influence from Greek and Roman civilization found its way into works made at this time. Great
attention was given to the face. A content expression, with rounded eyebrows that connect to a flat
nose, hollow eyes without pupils, and plump limps can be found on not only statues of Buddhist
figures, but also on statues of the Roman gods and goddesses. A great detail went into the hair and
depiction of the human form across these two art styles. Just by looking at a statue of the Buddha
from Gandhara and a roman statue of an important figure, it looks like they could be from the same
place. However, it was the way the silk road allowed cultures to interact and influence each other
that caused this connection. Looking at the Gandharan pieces found at the Sackler Gallery, it is easy
to see how the Roman influence carried over to many works of art. Looking specifically at a statue
of the head of the Buddha (Figure 1), one can get an

Hsi Lai Buddhist Temple Analysis
The Hsi Lai Buddhist temple is located in Hacienda Heights and is the largest Buddhist temple in
the West. The building was constructed to be a religious site by a Buddhist organization in Taiwan.
The first thing that catches the attention, is the Chinese architecture of the temple and all of the
Chinese words on the outside of the temple. The words on the four pillars of the gate, represent the
four Bodhisattva vows the Buddhists take to complete enlightenment. There are many rooms on the
outside of the temple that look like they may be used for teaching or for programs being run at the
temple. Furthermore, as you walk up the stairs, there are two bodhisattvas on each side of the
entrance. Both of these Bodhisattvas are the protectors of the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The temple contains the images of many bodhisattvas,Buddha's, and disciples. The images of the
Buddha's and bodhisattvas are the focus of the rooms and outside. For example, in the main shrine
and Bodhisattva hall, the focus are the images. Another example is the garden of the eighteen arhats
in which the Buddha is surrounded by his first disciples. The other garden that is in the temple is the
Vessel of Compassion for Universal Liberation. The main image in this garden is that of
Avalofitesvara Bodhisattva. The other images depicted are of heaven kings. The bodhisattva is
important because the vows of this Bodhisattva are of a compassionate mind and the power of
wisdom. This bodhisattva answers the prayers of sentient beings no matter where they are and
manifests in different forms. These eighteen arhats extinguished all defilements and afflictions. They
had reached nirvana and their righteousness is exemplary to all Buddhists. Comparatively, symbols
play an important role in buddhism and we can see this through the offers made to the Buddha's and
bodhisattvas. For example, incense symbolizes inner peace, a lamp offering symbolizes the
brightening of our vision and the enhancement of our wisdom. In addition, in the images, mudras or
certain objects are a symbol of important rules to follow. Such as in image of the Bodhisattva
Samantabhadra, the elephant symbolizes practice. The sounds that are used are that of instruments
during the service in the main shrine and the sound of bells which usually mark the initiation of a
service or other announcements. Furthermore, the smells that are used throughout the temple are
incense. Incense is used as an offering and it is meant to help the Buddhist concentrate and focus on
meditating. Lastly, taste is used in the ritual of eating vegetarian meals

Elizabeth Coulter: Annotated Bibliography
Elizabeth Coulter
The subject of this piece is a Buddha named Maitreya. He is a strongly built man wearing a robe that
drapes fluidly off of his body. The piece is constructed from gild bronze and was crafted using piece
mold casting. Maitreya faces onlookers with open arms and a smile. The piece was obviously meant
to be placed against a wall, as is obvious from the fact that the back is left open and is not meant for
display.
As stated previously, this is a depiction of Buddha Maitreya. He is a particularly interesting subject
because of his special place in Buddhism, namely that he is both a bodhisattva and a Buddha. It is
believed that when the current version of our world ends he will be the next great teacher. He is thus
greatly revered

Paul Williams Hierarchy Of Pain
Pain and suffering are common sensations that all people will experience in today's world. People
would believe that there is a hierarchy to pain and that some individuals where they have a belief
that there should be no distinction between beings and ultimately, no distinction between pain
(Jeffreys, April 12). I disagree with the Buddhist ideal of Bodhisattva because I stand by the opinion
that suffering has a hierarchy and that pain has a subject. I will back up this opinion with the work of
Paul Williams and life examples. The Buddhist ideal of Bodhisattva is that of having "... a
compassion for all sentient beings without distinction" (Jeffreys, April 12). This would mean that
there is no distinction between the pain and suffering of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I see this from the point of view of someone who wants to help. If I wanted to give monetary
support to a child in Africa, I can't write a check to pain and suffering. If pain has no subject that is
what I would have to do. I would much rather give money to an organization that helps these people,
but that is pain having a subject. If pain does not have a subject we cannot address it. On a personal
level, if pain has no subject you cannot fix it internally or externally. If I go to the doctor and I say, I
am in pain, but am unable to tell him where they cannot help me. Therefore, pain must have a
subject and why we need to have a self. Without a self pain does not belong to one person, but as
previously stated a spectrum. As previously stated, one of the problems that I have is the lack of
distinction of pain in the Buddhist ideal of Bodhisattva. Firstly, if I want to be unselfish and help
others how would I be able to discern the difference between the pain of myself and that of others. If
we were to see pain on a continuum I would be unable to discern my problems with those of others
and would be unable to put them first due to the fact that I would not know whose problem is

Mahasthamaprapta In Penn Museum
Sculpture Mahasthamaprapta in Penn Museum
–– Its Iconology and Possible Time Period
On either side of the entrance door of Chinese section in Penn Museum are two particularly
charming life–sized Bodhisattva statues in gray limestone, C111 and C112, which are considered as
a pair and most likely to be made by the same artist. They belong to the T'ang dynasty, that period in
which Buddhist sculpture reaches its height of perfection.
C111, the left side one, with a headdress, is the main sculpture that I want to discuss in this paper.
Being purchased from C. T. Loo , who's been considers as the leading Chinese artifacts dealer in the
twentieth century , the statue, combines a bodhisattva image with a lotus base, is in excellent
condition, although ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Let's compare his face with the head of a bodhisattva statue from Longmen Cave. The sharp–ridged
eyebrows, the contemplative almond eyes, the triangular nose, the pointed chin, comprised this
typical Northern Wei and early Eastern Wei style head. All of these facial features differ from the
soft and round ones in C111. Moreover, from another comparison with the beautiful limestone head
from the cave temple of Xiangtangshan, we can see that this more contemporary one is still with
sharper contours, especially of the eyes and the mouth. Here the idealized face of a full–blown Tang
beauty from Tianlongshan, with a small, slightly opened mouth, is so expressive that it seems as
though he is about to speak. The shape of the head is rounder and the carving for facial features is
softer with time going by, so the bodhisattva is more and more nearly human looking. By executing
vertical comparison with Wei Dynasty, Northern Qi and Middle Tang's bodhisattvas' heads
examples, we could perhaps draw a conclusion that C111's style is Early

Bodhisattva Research Paper
The Iconography of Bodhisattva
Buddhism is equally a philosophy and a religion that consists of a variety of traditions, beliefs and
practices based on the Buddha's life and teachings. Iconographic representations have depicted the
life and teachings of Buddha that simply could not have been put into words. Buddhism followers
heavily rely on the iconography of their divine figures in rituals. Artistic representations can be seen
in temples and monasteries all over the world. However, the Bodhisattva specifically is seen
prominently in Mahayana Buddhism. The Bodhisattva is a phase of the Buddha before his
enlightenment. He is known as a figure who is able to reach nirvana but delays doing so out of
compassion, in order to save suffering beings. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, certain colours are favoured over others because they never vanish. The colour gold is
depicted in Buddhist iconography because it represents the unchangeable doctrinal attributes of the
Bodhisattva. (FIG 1 & 2). The Bodhisattva is able to transfer its merit to those who petition for help,
so he can lead followers to rebirth in the pure land. "The nature of gold suitably represents the
immutability and genuineness of the Buddha's' nature. And most importantly, Honen promises that
devotees who create a golden image of the Amida will receive an enduring merit for their eventual
salvation" (Kanda). Due to the follower's salvation, the Bodhisattvas can transfer their superior merit
to those who appeal to them for help. Only immutable figures can do so because they are in the
process of attaining Buddhahood. Worshippers idolize the Bodhisattvas for merit but as well as for
rebirth in the pure land also known as the "fields" or "realms" where the Bodhisattva reside in.
Hence, the colour of gold is thought to be associated with divine figures who are in the process of
attaining Buddhahood and therefore are unchangeable. Unlike humans and other gods who are not
on the path to Nirvana because they are mutable, are displayed in vivid and vibrant colours. It plays
a crucial role in ritual due to the goal of the Buddhists wanting to be granted rebirth in the vicinity of
the

Death Bed Testimonials Summary
In Death–Bed Testimonials of the Pure Land Faithful, Stevenson presents different stories about
people and their destination to the Pure Land. He states, "the writing of exemplary testimonials and
creation of hagiographical collections for the purposes of spreading the faith" (Stevenson 283). In a
way, these testimonials are an image of Buddha. They still represent the ideas of Buddhism.
Although they are not a physical representation of a person, they still pertain to the religion. A boy
named Kang did not speak until he was seven years old. The first time he spoke, he was responding
to his mother about Buddha. He left his home at a young age to go follow his faith in Buddhism. He
preached to people, "The Buddha Amitabha is your teacher and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Prayer flags carry great meaning to Buddhists; "the wind is said to carry the benefits beseeched by
the prayer imprinted on the fluttering flag, both to the person who flies the flag and to all brings in
the region" (Lopez 583). This backs up the central idea that was discussed during the group
presentations about Buddhist organizations. Buddhism today focuses on the well–being of everyone,
not only Buddhists. In this story, Lopez explains that Tara "first vowed to achieve Buddhahood in
order to free all brings from samara" (Lopez 584). She is an icon today that has twenty–one different
forms. Tara is a Buddha that helps people in their time of need. Her prayer is known by many and
can be "recited especially by travelers to protect them in their long journeys on foot and horseback
across mountains and plains" (Lopez 584). She is someone that all people can pray to if they
believe. She is someone who can overall be trusted and counted on; "If one wants a child one will
have one; indeed all desires will be granted, no hindrances will stand in the way, and buddhahood
will be achieved" (Lopez 584). This notion makes it seem like attaining Buddhahood is simple. In
class we discussed that Buddhahood is universal as far as the Mahayana Buddhism. Within the
concepts of Mahayana dharma, Buddhas have and will always exist and everyone possess the
Buddha nature. When

Black Manjusri: Bodhisattva Of Wisdom
A majority of religions, whether modern or ancient, have used literature and art to express the
character embodied in it and the faith system it is built upon. One religion that seems to grab hold of
this idea is Buddhism. Buddhism was created in Nepal, India around the 6th century BCE and is
grounded in the teachings by Siddhartha Gautama. These teachings gave birth to diverse scripture,
for example, the Tripitaka which is a collection of 32 books of scripture. In these array texts, the
reader can see the life of Gautama Buddha as well as the doctrines that he created and based his life
on. People who identify as Buddhist (around 320 million) use these different texts in order to
understand and live life like the Buddha and reach enlightenment. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Although Buddhism, from the outside view, can come across as a relaxed religion this image seems
to depict a destructive demon. Without any knowledge of what the illustrations represent, it would
be immensely easy to make this quick assumption. In analyzing the piece, though, it can be
understood that this Bodhisattva is being depicted in his Tantric form. Like the Tantric Kali from the
Hindu religion, God(s)/Goddess(s) or sacred figures can sometimes be seen in the wrong light which
leads to an un–informed view of that character. In actuality, if you take a closer look at the
illustration it can be seen that Manjusri, being the Bodhisattva of wisdom, wields a sword of wisdom
that can cut through ignorance as well as the Perfection of Wisdom Sutra in his left hand. These are
two empowering aspects but seem to be dwarfed due to the tantric form of Majusri. I did not even
notice the sword or sutra in his hands because I was distracted by his face. This kind of outsider
thinking expresses the detrimental nature of looking at one characteristic of religion in detail and
ignoring the rest of it. Without looking at the full picture, you will only receive half of what it truly
represents. This is where the comparative method seems to excel over the reductive method do to its
ability to have initial sympathy towards a religion. While understanding the art side of Buddhism
through the comparative lens is important, it is crucial to view and understand the defining literature
as

Pensive Bodhisattva And Korean Buddhist Art
Pensive Bodhisattva and Korean Buddhist Art Our lives are closely connected with an art. People
easily regard an artwork as something that is far from our lives, but it is always around us. Now, I
would like to introduce one of Buddhist artworks of Korea. The title is Pensive Bodhisattva. The
artist is unknown. However, it was made in mid–7th century during the Three Kingdom Period. The
dimension of this artwork is 8 7/8–inch and the medium is gilt bronze. It is located in Gallery 233
among other Korean artworks at the Metropolitan Museum of Art now. Pensive Bodhisattva has
typical features of the Buddhist artworks. Also, the interesting aspect is we can see the unique
features of the Three Kingdom Period's artwork through this sculpture. When we see this sculpture
at first, the most noticeable point is the bodhisattva's posture. He sits on the dais and he puts his
right leg over his left leg. The right leg also props his right elbow and his fingers especially the
forefinger and the middle finger touch his right chin and he rests his left hand neatly on his right
ankle. The description of his fingers and toes are very realistic. When we see the fingers and toes,
we can feel how the artist put his or her blood into sculpting each fingers and toes. However, his
posture seems agonizing. When we take a closer look his face, his eyes are closed and he puts gentle
smile on his lips. For that reason, his posture reminds us his anguish, but at the same time, his facial
expression

Guang Artifacts
Guang, probably from Anyang, China, Shang dynasty, 12th or 11th century BCE is a fined artifact.
A guang is a particular shape used in Chinese art for vessels, originally made as Chinese ritual
bronzes in the Shang dynasty. Research from wikipedia stated they were used for pouring rice wine
at ritual banquets, and often deposited as grave goods in high status burial. Shang artists perfected
casting elaborate bronze vessels covered with animal motifs. The animal forms symbolized real and
imaginary. The guang has a single thick foot, and a thick hollow body that represents one or more
stylized animals. Their main period of use was during the Shang and Zhou dynasties, from around
1700 to 900 BCE. Thereafter the shape was sometimes used in a revivalist spirit. Also was used in
sacrifices to ancestors and in funerary ceremonies. The art piece was very popular during that time.
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Also serve wine during ancestor worship rituals in which the wine vapors were to be consumed by
the deceased spirits. Each vessels shaped matched it's intended purpose. The guang also has a neck
and head, which serve as the pouring channel for the wine. Guang bronze vessels were used not only
in life to honor the deceased, but also at times placed with the deceased in their grave. The ritual
vessels are also useful to the living as well. They are both everyday functioning items, but also
objects which serve religious and spiritual purposes. The multiple designs around the guang also
show form. Their fields of background spirals integrate so closely with the form of the guang. The
guang have a unique

The Story Of Buddhism By Donald M. Rodriguez Jr.
The Kannon Bosatsu, or Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva, is a carved wood statue of a Bodhisattva figure
standing about two and one half to three meters tall. This statue shows a high level of detail on the
Bodhisattva 's body, and is carved so smoothly that it could be mistaken for a stone carving. The
show of skilled craftsmanship can be seen around the shoulders with the interaction of the cloth with
the jewelry the Bodhisattva. The statue is placed on an ornate pedestal to cause the figurine to
appear taller, giving it a feeling of authority, which contrasts with its calm, expressionless face.
While the figure appears to be standing in a meditative state like the Buddha, the jewelry present all
over the body of this figure distinguishes this figure as a Bodhisattva instead of a Buddha. In his
book, The Story of Buddhism a Concise guide to Its History and Teachings, Donald S. Lopez Jr.
establishes the importance of imagery in Buddhism. One major point he makes concerning the
worship of Buddhist figures, is that the disciples of Buddhism not only believe that the figures are a
mere representation of Buddha, but that the figures actually become and are animated by Buddha, an
argument which seems to hold merit as truth. Continuing with the theme of visual imagery from this
icon, Buddhist icons often carry much meaning in the orientation of the body of figurines, and hand
gestures. This standing Bodhisattva has his eyes shut in a meditative state, while the hands

Bodhisattva Kannon Character Analysis
Buddhism establishment by Siddhartha Gautama, otherwise known as the Buddha, since in the late
6th century has expanded its influence originating from India expanding throughout the region.
Imprinting itself within Asian societies leaving traces of its influence on their respective cultures
practices and customs. From Buddhism many deities and Bodhisattva's emerged, one of them is
Bodhisattva Kannon. Throughout Kannon's existence it has gone changes in it's being from its
purposes and appearance. An Asian society influenced by Buddhism is Japan and from such
interaction as experienced alterations to its culture, which can be seen in myths of the time period.
Kannon, otherwise known as Avalokitesvara, makes an early appearance in China under the name
"Guanyin" known as the "Perceiver of the World's Sounds" , whose functional purpose was to
"enlighten deluded, suffering begins" . In this early representation Kannon is addressed with
masculine pronoun "his name" , suggesting at this time Kannon is viewed as a male. As time
progresses Kannon is later was featured with feminine and masculine attributes. However Kannon's
appearance and sex would change forms according to different stories. Around the 10th century
Guanyin "began to assume feminine characteristics" and by ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Kannon's female transition is further solidified by new roles which the Bodhisattva started to take
occupy. A collection of "indigenous scriptures" presents Kannon has a "fertility goddess able to
grant sons, protect pregnant woman, and assure safe childbirth" . As illustrated in the story of Ding
Xian of Yibin, Nanyang was a man who wanted a son but was past his prime in age, through acts of
devotion to Guanyin he had a dream "of a woman" and the following morning he had a

Essay on Buddhism in Japan
"Buddhism has the characteristics of what would be expected in a cosmic religion for the future; it
transcends a personal God, avoids dogmas and theology; it covers both the natural and spiritual, and
it is based on a religious sense aspiring from the experience of all things, natural and spiritual, as a
meaningful unity." Albert Einstein (Buddhism)
Buddhism has affected many people. From the Buddha's first followers to my next door neighbor,
people everywhere have followed the teachings of Buddhism. Buddhism was started by a Prince; a
prince who wanted more. Many different ways of showing appreciation to Buddha are present in
today's society as well as when Buddhism was first started. There are paintings, carvings, statues
and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One was an elderly man, another was a man suffering from illness, and finally he saw a dead body
surrounded by mourners. Since he had never seen anything like this before, he asked his charioteer
what these things were. He responded to the Prince that these things were natural and unavoidable,
and happened to everyone. Once again Siddhartha asked his charioteer to take him out into the city;
this time he was to see the last of four images that would change his life forever. The last sight he
saw was a wandering old holy man with no possessions. His head was completely shaved and he
was wearing a yellow robe. Having seen all these things, Buddha not only became aware of the pain
and suffering of humankind, but was also prompted to do something about it. He left his family in
search of the answers to his questions (Buddhism).
Siddhathra traveled throughout the northeastern portion of India, seeking out holy men and teachers
who taught him ancient Indian techniques of meditation. Even though meditation was important to
him, his main quest was to find the answer to the problem of suffering. He wanted to know why
they were suffering and how it could stop. So Siddhartha studied the teachings of Hinduism. He was
very fascinated by the belief of reincarnation or Samsara. (This was the belief of the soul, after
death, would travel to a new body and be born again.) Depending on the person's previous life, their
soul could enter a body of a higher or lower state of

Bodhisattvas Manjushra Analysis
The Meeting of the Bodhisattvas Manjushri (Wenshu) and Samantabhadra is a sculpture that is
carved in limestone. It was made in China and was inscribed with a thirty four character dedication.
It is dated to have been made in 742 and is a middle Tang Dynasty Sculpture.
Manjushri and Samantabhadra are two of the most commonly encountered bodhisattvas in East
Asia. A bodhisattvas is an enlightened being who vows to help all other sentient beings attain
enlightenment.
Manjushri is a Bodhisattva of Wisdom and can be identified by his lion mount. When Manjushri is
mounted on a lion or sitting on a lion's skin it represents the use of wisdom to tame the mind. He is
one of the Four Great Bodhisattvas of Chinese Buddhism. Manjushri's name in

Comparing The Ka Statue And Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara
Egyptian art is known widely for its hieroglyphics in temples/tombs as well as having a wide range
of statues representing a spiritual future, while the Chinese stick to tradition sculptures, this includes
but is not limited to small figures like a person, animal or an unlikely looking figure. Egyptian art is
known to be descriptive each piece of art work is telling a story. Comparing the Ka statue from
ancient Egypt dating back to Hor I/Autubre 13th Dynasty and the Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara
statue dated 8th–early 9th century from Southern Thailand. I will discuss the iconography of each
and compare two major themes of each object the Ka statue and Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara. I
intend to show the relationship religion has had over these two different periods in time and how
over years not much has changed as faith and belief are strong when it comes to statues.
There are many representations of Ka statues in Ancient Egyptian this Ka Statue is said to be
inspired after King Hor 1/ Au–ib–Re. Found in Dahshour, currently located in the Egyptian
Museum. The name "Ka" in Ancient Egypt refers to the believed that every person has three souls:
ka, Ba, and Akh. On the left (figure 1) is a wooden structure called "Ka" this statue is carved from
wood all around as well as stone on the platform holding the statue up. The Ka statue was intended
to provide a resting place for the ka (life–force or spirit). For ancient Egyptians, religion was a very
important part of life and

Strangers Drowning By Larissa Macfarquhar Essay
While the classic consequentialist and the Bodhisattva concept are very different, they promote
almost the same ideology with the exception that the Bodhisattva demands self–sacrifice. In terms
of the duty to prevent/eliminate bad things (suffering) and do it in a way that seeks to maximize
good and extend efforts to all, such situations are extremely demanding of the moral doer. Neither
view commits to any notion of empathy, but relies on rationalizing, sacrificing, and orienting
towards results. In Larissa Macfarquhar's book, Strangers Drowning, she provides character studies
of various real–life extreme do–gooders and of some could be considered moral saints. One of them
is a Buddhist monk, Nemoto, who dedicates his life to a cause of helping people who want to
commit suicide. He is a moral saint in the sense that he draws no barrier for when this work ends
and begins. He works tirelessly by taking on the suffering of these individuals he is trying to help,
taking calls any hour of the day or night, and helping anyone who wants it. He learns a very
important aspect that actually changes the empathy he feels into a separation of himself an the other.
In order for him to help, and truly help, he needed to stop empathizing so much and start
sympathizing with emotional distance from the other. This is a similar concept in the Bodhisattva
method because while empathy breaks a barrier between 'self' and an 'other', it makes working for
their benefit nearly impossible. The

Similarities Between Jesus's Sermon On The Mount And...
Similarity between Sermon on the Mount and Jataka Tales
Introduction
Buddhism and Christianity are closely related in many unique ways. While their founders exhibit
significant differences in when they began their existence in the world, their teachings hugely
resemble each other. Gautama Buddha was reported to have lived about 600 or 500 before Christ
was born. Buddha was born in Nepal, India while Jesus was born in Bethlehem, which is currently
located in Palestine. Both Jesus and Buddha espoused altruism and always insisted in service of
others. They emphasized the need for giving than receiving and both believed in love as the only
tool of defeating hatred. Both teachings contained the need not to judge others. A key difference
between the two was how Buddha taught followers to lose one's self to receive Nirvana while Jesus
encouraged his people to lose one's self in order to receive an everlasting life (Talim, Jeffrey &
Anant, 67). This assignment attempts to highlight the similarity between Jesus's Sermon on the
Mount and Gautama Buddha's Jataka Tales.
Similarity between Jesus's Sermon on the Mount and Gautama Buddha's Jataka Tales.
Jesus's Sermon on the Mount, as outlined in the book of Matthew chapter five to seven, employed
ordinary worldly objects and events that people associated with daily to communicate a divine
message. For instance, Jesus challenged his followers that they should be salt and light in the world
and should strive to change the world for the

Analysis of The Meeting of Bodhisattvas Essay
Tianna Ferroni!
Art 102!
Amiko Matsuo!
Museum Paper!
Meeting of the Bodhisattvas Manjusri and Samantabhadra!
!
Bodhisattvas in Buddhist culture are deemed enlightened and are worshiped as deities.
Therefore it is logical for one of the biggest Buddhist cultures to have constructed a sculpture in
their honor. Created during the Tang Dynasty in 742 by an unknown artist in
China, the sculpture "Meeting of the Bodhisattvas Manjusri and Samantabhadra" pays homage to
the bodhisattvas Wenshu and Puxian. This sculpture made of limestone is roughly a foot and a half
tall, nearly two feet long, and ten inches in depth. Used for spiritual practice, this piece was meant to
offer viewers a means of being closer to their bodhisattvas. !
!
This piece ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The elephant can also correspond to earthiness by the human figures that stand by them, allowing an
earth dweller to be so close to a deity. The human to the left is looking up to Wenshu, with an
admiring look upon their face. On the back of the elephant to the right is what appears to be a lion.
In Chinese culture, lions are a symbol of strength and power and are known guardians to the elite. !
!
At the head of each deity is a very prominent halo. These halos show how each
is an enlightened being, elevating their divinity. This can reinforce the idea that viewers would pray
to this sculpture to feel more connected to their enlightened bodhisattvas.
Between Wenshu and Puxian are seven small figures. They are set in three rows, with two rows of
three and a solitary figure atop. Each figure is sitting cross–legged with their arms folded in their
laps. The top, individual figure is slightly larger than it's counterparts. The face has been eroded but
viewers can still make out the general shape. It is possible that these seven figures stand for the
seven factors of enlightenment. !
!

This image of Wenshu and Puxian sitting in a fearless manner, upon !
elephants is one not likely to be forgotten. Boddisattvas were revered during the Tang
Dynasty (618–907) as Buddhism was now dominant and prosperous. This dedicated sculpture does
more than just depict Wenshu and Puxian meeting, it allows religious followers to feel more

Bodhisattvas and the Evolution of Buddhism
#1 Bodhisattvas and the Evolution of Buddhism Buddhism is a major widespread religion with a
complex system of beliefs. The founder of Buddhism is Siddartha Gautama, widely known as the
Buddha, meaning "the enlightened one". Gautama educated that the goal of Buddhism is to achieve
nirvana, or release from suffering. He received this understanding from meditation for 49 days.
During this period of meditation, Gautama discovered the Four Noble Truths, which contain the
principle of Buddha's teachings. They are the truth of suffering, the truth of the cause of suffering,
the truth of the end of suffering, and the truth of the path that leads to the end of suffering. The
guidelines to attain nirvana is called the Eightfold Path. Gautama gave sermons based on his
discoveries and eventually built a Buddhist society. At first, only the religious order was referred to
as the sangha, but, with time, the sangha meant the entire Buddhist community. The word
"bodhisattva" is formed from the two words bodhi, meaning spiritual awakening, and sattva, defined
as a spirit or essence. Using the definitions of the root words, the literal translation of bodhisattva
would be a "being set upon enlightenment". The bodhisattva vow consists of four pledges: 1) to save
all beings from difficulty, 2) to destroy all evil passions, 3) to learn the truth and teach others, and 4)
to lead all beings to Buddhahood. The period of preparation for the vow is committed to nature and
is called the

The Bodhisattva's Body
The elaborateness of the bodhisattva remains in the figure as whole and in its separate parts,
specifically the headdress and its sword halo, the cloth, and the lotus flower seat. As a whole, the
bodhisattva is made up of multiple parts: the sword halo, the headdress, the bodhisattva's body and
arms, the lotus flower seat, and the earth base. The sword halo appears to be slightly detached from
the bodhisattva's body, mostly connected to the lotus flower seat. The halo gives the body more
depth because it provides a background. This means that the bodhisattva is not in need of having a
highly decorated backdrop behind it, especially because the halo creates an interesting shadow. The
shadow is defined by the holes within the halo and the swords ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The sheer amount of weapons the bodhisattva, including the ax, trident, and spear, strikes fear in
those who disobey. This image instills a sense of reverence because of the danger that could come
from being bad in nature. It also promotes the desire to worship and become a devout Buddhist
because of the consequences that one could face on other paths of life. If on Buddhist path, one has
this bodhisattva to protect and guide them. It elevates the value of Buddhism and its teachings; the
viewer will see Buddhism as the way of life that will help them reach Heaven and achieve an
afterlife that other religions cannot achieve. To go along with the weapons, there are eight arms in
total, all doing different things: between holding objects and signing mudras. It is overwhelming to
see eight arms because of how otherworldly it is; furthermore, the arms all have their own function.
This being has the capability to control more than two arms, without any difficulty. The admiration
for the power and strength of the bodhisattva develops as the viewer takes in the the arms and
weaponry. It would be necessary to take multiple visits to see the bodhisattva to begin to process
everything the arms are doing and what their positions are. While this is outrightly stunning, the
finer details remain to be found by the viewer, an example being the patterned

A Comparison Of A Bodhisattva And Junzi
Exemplary Persons: A Comparison of a Bodhisattva and Junzi In reviewing the Asian religions, I
found Buddhism and Confucianism to be interesting subjects. Specifically, I found their notions of
what makes a superior or accomplished person to be engaging. The equivalent of an accomplished
religious figure in Buddhism is a bhodisattva, or one who is dedicates his life to attaining complete
enlightenment for all living beings. A superior person in Confucianism is one is "worthy of high
station by virtue of moral achievement" (Hagen). These figures parallel each other in terms of
action, relationships, and morality. In the following essay, I will compare the relating aspects of the
junzi and bodhisattva.
In their moral characteristics, the bodhisattva and the junzi have resemblance. The direct translation
of the title bodhisattva means "enlightened being" (190). The key aspects of morality of the
bhodisattva are found in the Noble Eightfold Path. This path is taken when individuals have a desire
to become a bhodisattva and pledge to the bhodisattva vow. In taking this vow, the bodhisattva is
reborn as an individual; his past life is of no consequence. In essence, the bodhisattva has a new life
and his intention is to be as close to the Buddha as possible
The eightfold path outlines the basic vows that a bhodisattva must incorporate on a daily basis. The
eight–fold path includes the following components: right understanding, right thought, right speech,
right conduct, right

The Guanyin : The Bodhisattva Of Compassion
The Guanyin is known as the Bodhisattva of Compassion ("Fragment of Guanyin of Eleven
Heads"). A Bodhisattva is a being "dedicated to the salvation of everyone; in carrying out this noble
task, they choose to become buddhas instead of seeking personal nirvaha [sic]" (Yeu 2). Guanyin is
the Chinese name for the Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara (Overmyer 418). The original script describing
Avalokitesvara is the Lotus Sutra (Overmyer 419). In the Lotus Sutra, Avalokitesvara is known as
"the Regarder of the Cries of the World" (The Threefold Lotus Sutra 319). The Buddha describes the
Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara:
If there be countless hundred thousand myriad koțis of living beings suffering from pain and distress
who hear of this Bodhisattva Regarder of the Cries of the World, and with all their minds call upon
his name, the Bodhisattva Regarder of the Cries of the World will instantly hear their cries, and all
of them will be delivered (The Threefold Lotus Sutra 319).
The Buddha gives an example of what the Bodhisattva can do. The Buddha says,
If, again, there be any man on the verge of [deadly] harm who calls upon the name of the
Bodhisattva Regarder of the Cries of the World, the sword of the attacker will instantly snap asunder
and he will be set free [sic] (The Threefold Lotus Sutra 320).
The Bodhisattva can also help people from non–physical danger as well. The Buddha said, "If any
living beings much given to the carnal passion in mind and revere the Bodhisattva Regarder of

The Role Of Buddhism In Heian Art
Buddhism began to dominate Japanese culture during the Heian period from 794 C.E. to 1185 C.E.
and affected both spiritual and political issues in Japan. For example, every time an emperor died
during this period, the capital would have to move, as the people were superstitious. This period is
also marked by Chinese influence with the adoption of Buddhism in Japan and ideally planned
cities. The Head of the Buddha was made during the twelfth century and The Head of the
Bodhisattva was made circa 1053 C.E. These two pieces fit into this time period stylistically, as they
relate to Buddhist ideals during the Heian period. These sculptures demonstrate their nature through
their subject matters, their location of display, their form, style, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
As these two pieces are made of wood, the outward appearance of them is a brown color. The Head
of the Bodhisattva, however, has some residue on the surface that turns the color of the wood white
and even black in some places. At first glance, one would think this could be some kind of rot in the
wood, but it could also be some residual traces of paint along the surface. Although not apparent on
the exterior, The Head of the Buddha has traces of polychromy like the Bodhisattva head. This
would indicate that these wooden sculptures would have been more decorated when they were first
completed. The Head of the Buddha also takes on characteristic surface patterns that are common
among Buddha figures. The hair has a pearl–like quality, as the Buddha was of Indian origin. He has
a serene face, which is highlighted through his slit eyes. It was also common for a Buddha to have
multiple chins, and long elongated ears that are proportionally larger than they should be in reality.
One of the less common features, but also sometimes included, is the hole in the center of the
Buddha's forehead, which represents his third eye. The Bodhisattva also showcases common
features. Like the Buddha, it was common for the Bodhisattva to have elongated ears as well. Unlike
the Buddha's hair, the Bodhisattva has flatter hair with the occasional bump to make it appear curly.
It was also common

Response To Buddhism Response
Buddhism III response Most Buddhists instead of becoming monks or nuns, they integrate their
religious practice into the socioeconomic facets of the average individual's life. Philosophically, this
idea of universal salvation is based upon the doctrine of interdependence. Similarly, it has been
determined that individual salvation is both ethically and conceptually impossible. This is why there
are bodhisattvas who help individuals reach Pure Land. Bodhisattva take a vow, which is referred to
the vow of the "enlightened being." Bodhisattvas suspend "complete disappearance") and to remain
in this world of samsāra, in this world of rebirth and suffering, until all beings in the universe are
saved as well. Bodhisattvas subscribe to the idea ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some evident transitions include, "the weakening of state control and the institutionalization of
Buddhism as a distinct "corporate entity" in administration, taxation, and economic activities; the
influence of enlightenment thinking and modernist scientific rational– ism, which is evident in
Buddhist monastic reforms and in Buddhist publications for public consumption; a decline followed
by a modest recovery of both monastic and lay Buddhism, in parallel with a growth in the enhanced
status of women as nuns or lay practitioners in East and Southeast Asia; engagement with social and
political causes in the form of Buddhist reform movements, hospitals, NGO's, and social services;
the commercialization of ritual services, especially in the form of "funerary Buddhism"; increasing
lay interest in Buddhism as a "self–help" movement, accompanied by broader participation in
activities once limited exclusively for monastics: meditation classes, retreats, study groups, and the
like; and the expansion of Tibetan Buddhism throughout Asia and the world since 1959, as a
consequence of the Tibetan exile. The modernization of Buddhism influenced some of the well
regarded authors in American Literature. The Heart Sūtra (a foundational scripture of Mahāyāna
Buddhism) was translated by Henry David Thoreau. However, Buddhist modernism is mostly "lay–
based" and individualistic. It is focused on meditation and psychological introspection. Furthermore,
in 1960's America, a highly romanticized view of Buddhism began to form. This view of Buddhism
in the modern age was inspired by the countercultural movements and by a few "cosmopolitan Asian
intellectuals who have lectured and published in the West." More importantly, One of the most
significant social and institutional developments in

Mahayana Buddhism Essay
Advanced technology and luxurious items seem bring humans into a "Modern World." However, it
seems these 21st Century technologies and items have brought more dissatisfaction, the duhkha.
Death, blood and war, these words appear in the newspaper almost everyday. Despite those external
dissatisfactions, internally human kind becomes more selfish and lonely. As a matter of fact, a
hypochondria is becoming so popular that one in seven adults is facing it. In our society today,
Buddhism, especially Mahayana Buddhism, becomes a cure to the duhkha that we are facing today.
The Dharma of Mahayana Buddhism becomes very helpful to resolve many, even all the problems
humans are facing today.
Mahayana Buddhism believes in the Path of Bodhisattva, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
In context of Mahayana Buddhism, emptiness doesn't mean that the existence of everything is
nothingness. What emptiness really means is that the existence of things are dependently arising
from the empty of own beings. "A flower that always needs sunlight, water, soil, nutrients and so on
to live. " What this means is that sunlight and those factors caused a flower to exist, but a flower will
eventually dies. Since the flower will eventually die and the factors like water that fed the flower
will disappear as well, in the end nothing left. Thus, flowers are emptiness, factors are emptiness,
emptiness creates emptiness and in the end there is only emptiness left. There are really two
important point here, one is that everything is emptiness and everything will change with "empty of
own beings." Another one is that people has to see through the emptiness and find the suchness of
things. An analogy may be help to explain the point. Money always brings up conflicts between
people or countries and result of the conflicts are rather unpleasant. In recent years, robbery
becomes outrageous and if people understand even a tiny bit about the dharma of Mahayana
Buddhism, especially about the concept of emptiness, many of the robbery could be avoided. Money
is very valuable, but it is still empty. The reason that money is valuable is because such value is

Essay: Formal and Stylistic Analysis of Buddha Amit
!
Essay: Formal and Stylistic Analysis of Buddha Amitabha
Naiwen Zhang
02/10/2014
Professor Jones
!
The sculpture Buddha Amitabha is a typical Sui Dynasty style art piece that represents the will of
people who wish to have peace and joy. Their life goals is achieve enlightenment. Their believe of
the existence of the western paradise where they will suffer no more from anything. It is also a piece
of love and good fortune that was sent from the women to their family.
!
Buddha Amitabha is a bronze statue that was found in Zhaozhou Hebei of China. It was made in Sui
Dynasty dated 593. There is an inscription on the back of the statue that indicates that the sculpture
was dedicated in 593 by eight woman of the fan clan to ensure the rebirth ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
!
Sui Dynasty is a great time period for Buddhist art, because emperor Wen(Yang Jian) unified China
as a centralized empire, he converted Buddhism as the authority religion. The reason he does this is
that he wants to maintain the peace of his physical realm as well as people's mind. He command to
built many Buddhist art to spread the words. Early arts of Buddhist in the Sui Dynasty keeps part of
the Northern Dynasty style. The mature period they produced many stone carving. Sui Dynasty has
outstanding Buddhist statues with unique characteristics and dignified gestures and magnificent
dress. Stone sculpture is the most popular art form of this period and most of the bronze works are
based on the style of stone statues. The figures of Buddhist art of Sui Dynasty have broader
shoulders that evoke a sense of bulkiness compare with North Qi Dynasty and North Zhou Dynasty.
The faces look more realistic than the past, some of them facial expression, but the gestures of the
body are still stiff. Many of them have a belly that is slightly in an arc and the figure appears
relatively flat. They also use a lot jewels and complex tassels to decorate Buddha and Boddhisattva.
!
The iconography of is very significant in China. He is one of the Buddha from Mahayama. He is
defined as the Buddha of the pure land where is only peace and joy. People believe after death the
soul will have the chance to go to western paradise(the pure land). So amitabha is also

The Bodhisattva
The Jataka is the most important Buddhist literature which was written in the 4th century BCE, and
there are 547 stories. These stories are about the early lives of the Buddha before he was
enlightened. The Buddha was born and reincarnated in rituals of humans, animals, and god.
Buddhism is the religion of compassion that teach moral values and provides lessons. The objective
of Buddhism is to enlighten about dharma and karma that might help individuals to escape the
karmic cycle and reach nirvana. Dharma is expressed as the system of ethical behavior of life,
distributing good life energy through the universe. Karma is mean as the network of cause/effect
from the human action that can determine future reincarnation as a higher or lower creature. ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the Golden Goose, the goose returns back his house to support his family because of the poor
living conduction. He decided to provide them one golden feather a day, but his wife greediness.
The goose has to suffer consequence from his own wife. His feathers got plucked and the poor bird
could not fly away. A quote from the Golden Goose, "now the Bodhisattva's feathers had this
property that if they were plucked out against his wish, they ceased to be golden and became like a
crane's feathers. And now the poor bird, though he stretched his wings, and could not fly." In the
Hare's Self Sacrifice, he hare had three friends: monkey, and otter. He taught them the importance of
keeping moral laws, observing holy days, and giving contributions. give. A quote from the Hare's
self–sacrifice, "to–morrow is a fast–day. Let all three of you take upon you the moral precepts, and
observe the holy. To one that stands fast in moral practice, almsgiving brings a great reward.
Therefore, feed any beggars that come to you by giving them from your own tables." The hare also
offered his own flesh to a beggar because he has nothing else to give. The another quotes from the
Hare's self–sacrifice, "I will sacrifice myself by falling into the midst of the flames when my body is
roasted, you shall eat my flesh and fulfill all your ascetic duties". In the Monkey's Heroic Self –
Sacrifice, the monkey helps other

The Mahayana Buddhist Tradition And The Teachings Of The...
The Mahayana Buddhist tradition has a complicated but very foundational altruistic view and
practice as a part of somebody entering Buddha–hood. Buddhist philosophy is almost impossible to
generalize because it relies on many complexities, but there are ethical values that cannot be ignored
and I believe can be translated into our contemporary view of moral practice. Apart from Buddhist
traditions, more contemporary moral theories draw out ideal approaches towards altruistic acts.
When speaking of a person performing such acts, we might consider them a 'do–gooder', similarly a
more controversial do–gooder takes morality to an extreme extent that might be considered 'saintly'
(in either a secular or non–secular way). What I want to focus on in this paper is the notion of moral
theory in Mahayana Buddhism and, in particular, the practices of the Bodhisattva. A Bodhisattva, I
will argue, is a 'moral saint' with aspects of consequentialism while having proper intention in terms
of the Buddhist philosophy. In the Mahayana Buddhism religion there is a focus on moving away
from suffering into long lasting peace and happiness (enlightenment). As interpreted in this school
of thought, the teachings come from the Buddha and say that all suffering and all of our problems
come from states of the mind that are ignorant, confused, and negative. On the contrary, all joy and
good fortune come from positive and calm mental states. The goal is to move past suffering through
the practices

A path to spiritual discovery
As Madhu Bazaz Wangu indicates, Buddhism is a path to spiritual discovery (8). Being Buddhism, a
non–theistic religion, their disciples follow the monotheistic doctrine demonstrating they believe in
only one deity. Siddhartha Gautama, mostly known as Buddha––the enlightened––, is the one deity
Buddhists believe in. As Wangu writes, Siddhartha practiced severe self–denial and meditation
before he could reach Nirvana (state of mind that ends the path of suffering) (8). Siddhartha came to
the conclusion that in order to reach Nirvana one should be able to eliminate desire by doing right
and thinking right. This could be done by following the Dharma (the law of Buddhism). Because the
Buddha never wrote down any of his teachings, his disciples ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Because Shunyata teaches that everything is independent, and that only understanding this concept
will allow to eliminate disturbing emotions in order to reach Nirvana, it is the primordial philosophy
in Mahayana. Shunyata can be realized by purification, practice of ethics, and single–pointed
concentration; this will allow the individual to understand him/her self as an independent I.
Moreover, it allows realizing that society does not shape an individual, but an individual shapes
his/her self by comprehending shunyata. Even though Mahayana Buddhists believe in Buddha, they
believe in a different form of Buddha; Bodhisattva––Being of Wisdom. As Heinrich Dumoulin
points out, a Bodhisattva is an enlightened Buddhist monk who delays Nirvana in order to help other
people obtain release from the path of suffering. Mahayana Buddhists believe that Buddha had been
a Bodhisattva in his past lives before he was born as Siddartha Gautama. Apart from showing
compassion, a bodhisattva also plays a sacrificial role just as any other deity in order to help the
latest individual to obtain nirvana. Being a savior, a bodhisattva practices the Six Virtues, or
Paramitas to gain merit for humankind. According to Wangu, the Six Virtues are, the perfection of
giving (dana), the perfection of morality (sila), the perfection of patience (santi), the perfection of
courage (virya), the perfection of meditation (dhyana), and the perfection of wisdom

Bodhisattvas Maitreya Research Paper
Bodhisattvas Maitreya
This sculpture represents Bodhisattva Maitreya. Bodhisattvas are knowledgeable characters who
defer their sanctification to support all sentient individuals (Rambelli, 207). Unlike other Buddha
statues the Bodhisattva is an invented character, not a replica of an exact character to Buddha.
Bodhisattvas have several of those attributes of Christian benefactors (Gresham and Dunham, 400).
They are sympathetic characters who assist congregants. Contrary to saints; nonetheless, they are
not affiliated with historical individuals, hagiographies, or suffering.
In some Buddhist practices, the term of the Buddhist Law is classified into several phases: the
elementary age of 500 years, of the rolling the Wheel of the Law. The Second ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
It apparently was variegated or ornated and occupied a base, the front that was engraved with a
scene of devotion (Rambelli, 207). The Gandharan technique of Buddhist visual art advanced within
the first centenary B.C. and the seventh centenary A.D. in the region that is momentarily north–
western Pakistan and East Afghanistan (Gresham and Dunham, 401). The technique had its roots in
Greco–Roman society: ancient influences surface in the sculpted peculiarities of this Bodhisattva's
look and his running, toga–like clothes. Leaders of the Kushan Realm, which incorporated Gandhara
and served from the 1st to the 3rd centenaries A.D. (Gresham and Dunham, 404). When this statue
was produced, continued associations with Rome by commerce. Kushan money depicts Roman,
Greek, Hindu, Buddhist and Persian deities and has engravings in fitting Greek letters. By trade and
evangelist ways, the Kushans were active in spreading out Buddhism to China and Central Asia
("Living Buddhist Statues in Early Medieval and Modern Japan",

Kwan Win: Buddhist Bodhisattva Essays
Kwan Win: Buddhist Bodhisattva
Compassion and Peace as a Spiritual Guide
The path to spiritual freedom is sought by many people in this world. Relief from suffering is sought
by many more. In these times, in all times past, and probably in times to come, the need for a
spiritual guide is apparent. Kwan Yin (Guan Shih Yin in China, Kannon in Japan) is a Buddhist
goddess of compassion who provides this guidance and direction for countless people.
Kwan Yin reflects the Mahayana Buddhist concept of bodhisattva, a being of pure compassion. "A
'bodhisattva' is a person who delays his or her full enlightenment in order to aid in the liberation of
all beings." Bodhisattva literally translates to "Buddha to be", and it is only when all ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The person was Miao Shan, but the king did not know. When she heard of her father's sickness, "she
smiled upon the messenger, gouged out her eyes and cut off both arms." After being cured, the king
and queen went to thank the donor, and were horrified to find out it was Miao Shan. The king
begged her forgiveness, and with that "Miao Shan rose into the air and assumed the form of the
Thousand–Armed and Thousand–Eyed Guan Shih Yin."
The above is a traditional story that has been told over and over for hundreds of years.
The transformation into a bodhisattva of compassion is clear, and one can see the absolute
selflessness of Kwan Yin through it. The Pledge of Kwan Yin exemplifies both the Mahayana ideal
of a bodhisattva, and Kwan Yin's own devotion to being a Goddess of Compassion:
"Never will I seek nor receive private, individual salvation; never will I enter into final peace alone;
but forever and everywhere will I live and strive for the redemption of every creature throughout the
world from the bonds of conditioned existence."
People all over the world experience suffering in all forms. Because of this suffering, and because of
the lack of knowledge about what is to come, many people feel the need for guidance in this life.
That one religion could be a better path of spiritual guidance than another

Differences Between The Bodhisattva In The Davis Museum
Another more obvious difference between the Bodhisattva in the Davis Museum is the coloring of
each. Unfortunately, time has worn away most of the paint on these heads, but the left Bodhisattva
shows more remnants of the original painting, including a small wavy mustache. Red paint can still
be seen in the headdress, the urna and the lines of the neck. Both heads have dark paint outlining the
eyebrows and the eyes, offering the viewer a look into Gandharan culture. One can see the hair was
once painted black based on the left Bodhisattva's hair which still contains some of the dark
pigment. While most of the paint has worn away, the naturalistic sculpting style allows the life of the
Bodhisattvas to remain intact without the added color. The sculptures appear dynamic due to the use
of lines and shadows in order to further one's sense of naturalism. The eye sockets are set deep into
each head which causes a shadow to fall over the eyes due to the brow ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The stucco heads are examples of the novel art that was formed when art from different countries
was allowed to influence each other. This is visibly illustrated by the Davis Museum placing the
Gandharan heads between the South Asian and Mediterranean exhibits, symbolizing the mixing of
the various art forms. While the informational cards about the Bodhisattvas are helpful tools, they
must be taken with a grain of salt. Whatever is printed on the informational cards must be
questioned and analyzed instead of believed to be the truth. The museum controls the informational
cards and thus, controls the narrative that the audience will learn about each piece. Nonetheless, it is
critical to be curious about the circumstances surrounding museums and their collections so in the
future, such questionable practices won't be tolerated and important cultural pieces will no longer be
taken from their origin

A Smiling Buddhist Monk
The historical work I have chosen is called 'A smiling Buddhist Monk', more commonly known as
'Laughing Buddha'. The sculpture is from the Henan province, located in northern China, made in
the Ming dynasty, dated AD 1486. The artist of this work is unknown as it is from this era but the
sculptor may have been a Buddhist monk. Manually constructed and carved from Stoneware, this
Buddha is glazed in the sancai palette, meaning created from a colour scheme based of three
colours. The modern work I have chosen is called 'Our Gods', created by Liu Xiaoxian in 2000, a
Chinese Australian born in 1963. His work is an altered and edited photograph compiling of two
pieces; Buddha created from 22,500 miniscule figures of Christ, and Christ created from 22,500
figures of Buddha. The contemporary work, 'Our Gods' is based off the historical work 'Laughing
Buddha', as it incorporates the image of the Buddha into its work, symbolising the happiness and
foundation of the Buddhist religion. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The method of construction corresponds to the majority of imperial Chenghua sculptures either
made from ceramics or delicately formed and coloured porcelains. Buddha is traditionally depicted
as an obese, bald man wearing a robe, adorned with prayer beads, and carries out the practice of
Buddhism, Zen and I Kuan Tao. He bears few items, portraying that he is generous and gives all he
has but is still full of joy and happiness. In most cases, Buddha is embellished with large ears and is
praised by all who greet him. The word 'Buddha', refers to the 'one who is awake'. Buddha is a
figure which displays the acts of contentment, generosity, wisdom and kindness and is eulogized
over by the general public, gracing many temples, restaurants, amulets, and businesses. He is the
incarnation of Buddhism and stands for what Buddhists believe and fight

Ancient East Asian Art From Gandhara
Ancient East Asian Art from Gandhara The Asian Art Museum located at 200 Larkin St San
Francisco, CA 94102 is filled with antiquities through the ages of Asian culture. Within the museum,
in gallery one, the showroom is filled with ancient art from East India. Particularly, ancient art from
Gandhara, strikes the audience immediately upon entry into the gallery. The Seated Buddha, dated
approximately 300–500 CE, was found in the northwest area of modern day Pakistan within the
Peshawar valley, once known as the ancient region of Gandhara. (Wall Label) Images of Buddha
that have been found were all dated at least 500 years after the death of Buddha, who lived around
400 BC. Interestingly, the first few images of Buddha all have him shown in an enlightened state of
being, seated in his lotus position, and wearing simple monk robes with one of his hands held at the
chest while his fingers turning an invisible wheel "symbolizing setting in motion the "wheel of the
doctrine" – that is, preaching." (Wall Label) The Seated Buddha sculpture has Buddha sitting on a
throne with a scene depicted on the bottom. The scene shows a princely figure in the middle with all
his devotees surrounding him. This scene depicts the Gods urging Buddha to start his path towards
enlightenment. The Seated Buddha was made with Schist, a form of dense stone that the region of
Gandhara explicitly used for statues of Buddha and religious works of art. The Seated Buddha is
half human size and seated on top

The Bodhisattva

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

More from Tiffany Surratt

More from Tiffany Surratt (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

The Bodhisattva