Lewis S. Rainier was considered the "father" of mortgage-backed securities. The movie The Big Short depicts how some investors bet against the banks that the housing market would crash. The banks were doing risky proprietary trading to earn big bonuses, without reserves in case of losses. This led to the financial crisis and many people losing their homes, while the bankers received big bonuses. The Financial CHOICE Act revoked rules meant to prevent risky bank betting and proprietary trading.