The document summarizes key events and issues of the 1980s, including Reagan's election and policies. It discusses Reaganomics, tax cuts, and economic recovery. It also covers Reagan's foreign policy regarding the Cold War and Latin America. The Iran-Contra affair is mentioned. The 1988 election and Bush's presidency are briefly discussed. The 1991 Gulf War and Tiananmen Square protests are also summarized.

1. The 1980’s Chapter 22

4. OVERSIZED GOVERNMENT Welfare State Overregulated Overtaxed Loss of U.S. Military Strength Lost Morality STAGFLATION

5. The New Right

6. Conservative Political Activism FOR… Reduced Size of Government School prayer Strong military Free-market economies AGAINST… Gun control Equal Rights Amendment Busing to end segregation Gay Rights

7. Republican Campaign Strategy Focus on: The Iranian hostage crisis Claims that U.S. military had fallen behind the Soviet Union Double-digit inflation, soaring interest rates and high unemployment Reagan quipped, "A recession is when your neighbor loses his job; depression is when you lose your job. Recovery is when Jimmy Carter loses his."

8. Campaign Commercials Carter http://www.livingroomcandidate.org/commercials/1980/peace-democrat http://www.livingroomcandidate.org/commercials/1980/streetgov Reagan http://www.livingroomcandidate.org/commercials/1980/nancy-reagan http://www.livingroomcandidate.org/commercials/1980/door-slam

9. "Are you better off now than you were four years ago?"

13. Reaganomics A.K.A. Supply-side economics/Trickle-down economics Reagan believed that economic growth can be best managed by people who produce goods Reduced corporate tax Tax cuts were accompanied by deregulation of airlines, trucking, banking, and television. Personal tax rates for the top tax bracket dropped from 70%to 28% in 7 years This is the opposite of Keynesian “demand-side” economics which relied upon government spending

14. Trickle-Down?

19. Reaganomics Like other stimulation efforts, Reagan's policies also resulted in budget deficits and a increased national debt.

20. Did Reaganomics Work? Inflation FELL from 12.5% to 4.4 % Interest rates fell 6% Eight million new jobs were created as unemployment fell An 8% growth in private wealth. > # number poor 31.8 million in1981 39.3 million in 1992 > budget deficit $994 billion in1981 $2,867 billion in1989 Soaring national debt Trade deficit grew

21. Trickle-Down?

22. Economic Problems Deficit Concerns Gramm-Rudman Hollings Act Savings and Loan Scandal (S&L) October 19, 1987 Over 1,000 savings and loan institutions failed

23. “Evil Empire” SpeechMarch 8, 1983

24. Reagan and the Cold War Felt USSR still posed a threat and military needed to renewed strength Increased the Pentagon’s budget B-1 Bomber M-X Missile 10x MIRV Each 20x Hiroshima

25. Reagan and the Cold War Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) – Star Wars Satellite-based missile defense system Could we afford it? Was it possible?

27. S.D.I. in the NewsMarch 25, 1983

32. Geraldine Ferraro

33. Reagan and the Cold War Afghanistan USSR continued to plod through costly insurgent conflict 1979-1989 Poland Solidarity Lech Walesa

35. Reagan and Latin America Sandinistas of Nicaragua – pro-Soviet government that Reagan targeted for removal Contras – a large army recruited and trained by the CIA, “freedom fighters” Congress cut funding for contras in 1984 fearing a Central American “Vietnam” The executive branch would continue to fund this initiative through illegal means (Iran-contra Affair)

36. Iran–Contra Affair Iran was sold 1,000 anti-tank missiles Those profits were used to buy weapons and supplies for the contras in Nicaragua 1986 – Public becomes aware… A downed supply plane in Nicaragua was found to be carrying US weapons to the Contras A Lebanese newspaper reported that the U.S. sold missiles to Iran On T.V. President Reagan denied and one week later affirmed that weapons were indeed sold to Iran

38. Iran–Contra Affair The Tower Commission – formed by Reagan to investigate the Iran-Contra Affair Criticized the actions of members of the Executive Branch including Oliver North andDefense Secretary Caspar Weinberger Could not determine that the President knew/ordered the program, BUT President ought to have had better control of the National Security Council staff. "If the president did not know what his national security advisers were doing, he should have.”

40. 1986 1984 1980's 1983 1989

42. Ronny and Gorby

43. Soviet Union Changes Perestroika – “restructuring”, began the dismantling of the Soviet-era command economy and its replacement with a market economy Glasnost – “openness”, policy of transparency in the activities of all government institutions in the Soviet Union

45. Yuppie

46. 1988 Presidential Election

47. Michael Dukakis Lloyd Bentsen

48. Dan Quayle

49. Bentsen-Quayle Debate

51. Potatoe?

55. Tiananmen Square

56. 56 Middle East Quick Quiz How much do you know about the middle east? 5 quiz questions 1) Who created most of the borders and countries of the Middle East? a. France and England b. Jordan and Syria c. Saudi Arabia d. The United Nations e. The United States

57. 57 Middle East Quick Quiz How much do you know about the middle east? 5 quiz questions 2) What language is spoken in Iran? 3) When did it become illegal for women in Iran to go without wearing a veil? (with 5 years)

58. 58 Middle East Quick Quiz How much do you know about the middle east? 5 quiz questions 4) What is the most populous Islamic country in the world? a. Egypt b. Indonesia c. Iran d. Saudi Arabia

59. 59 Middle East Quick Quiz How much do you know about the middle east? 5 quiz questions 5) Which of following is Iraq? D C A B

60. 60 Middle East Quick Quiz How much do you know about the middle east? 5 quiz questions Answers!! 1. A 2. Farsi 3. 1983 4. B (196 million people) 5. C

61. 1991 Gulf War In 1990, Iraq invaded its oil-rich neighbor to the south, Kuwait US/UN forces sought to remove Iraqis from Kuwait and ensure that Iraq did not invade Saudi Arabia "This aggression will not stand" Fighting began on January 17, 1991, when U.S.-led air units launched attacks against Iraq

62. Gulf War - Coalition Forces

64. Own language & customs

66. 90% of world’s MuslimsC. Main differences: Who should lead the Muslim community?

68. Uses oil $ for government projects

69. Hussein begins to eliminate opponentsHUSSEIN CARD AS PART OF DECK OF 55 CARDS OF US CHARACTERS WANTED Reuters/CORBIS

71. 67 Persian Gulf War Pictures Kuwait Oil Well Fires from Space View from the space shuttle Atlantis of black smoke billowing from burning oil wells in Kuwait, which were set ablaze by retreating Iraqi troops at the end of the Persian Gulf War. Image: Digital image © 1996 CORBIS; Original image courtesy of NASA/CORBIS

75. Clarence Thomas Second African-American Supreme Court Justice Conservative Accusations of sexual harassment Senate Hearings Anita Hill “...as far as I'm concerned, it is a high-tech lynching…You will be lynched, destroyed, caricatured by a committee of the US Senate rather than hung from a tree. “

76. Clarence Thomas

77. President Clinton 1992 Election 3rd Party Candidate Impact Reversing Reaganomics Universal Healthcare Argument War in Kosovo Middle East Peace?

78. 1992 Presidential Election Incumbent President, Republican George Bush Democrat Bill Clinton, Arkansas governor Independent Ross Perot, a Texas businessman. Bush broke his 1988 campaign pledge against raising taxes The economy had sunk into recession Collapse of the USSR & the defeat of Iraq in the 1991 Gulf War made foreign policy, Bush’s strength, seemless important

79. “Read my lips… NO NEW TAXES” 1988 Campaign pledge Forced to break promise with the 1990 Tax Act Critics argued that govn’t deficit was bloated and out-of-control Bush begrudgingly broke promise Contributed to his 1992 election loss

80. 1992 Presidential Election

81. Moderate Liberal Conservative 1992 Presidential Election

86. Clinton Appointments Ruth Bader Ginsberg – Supreme Court Justice Janet Reno – Attorney General Henry Cisneros – Sec. Housing and Urban Affairs Madeline Albright – UN Ambassador Donna Shalala – Sec. Health and Human Services Dee Dee Myers – Press Secretary

87. Clinton and the Economy Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act cut taxes low-income families made tax cuts available to 90% of small businesses raised taxes on the wealthiest 1.2% of taxpayers also mandatedthe government budget be balanced

88. NAFTA Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte Clinton strongly supported free trade measures The bill passed the House 234 to 200 Eliminated trade tariffs between US, Canada and Mexico Impact: Is it good for the U.S. economy? Increased market for US products/greater competition US manufacturing jobs move north and south Mexican farmers must compete with US agri-business

89. Clinton and Healthcare Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 FMLA Labor law allowing an employee to take unpaid leave due to a serious health condition employee unable to perform his job to care for a sick family member to care for a new son or daughter (including by birth, adoption or foster care) Employer must continue medical coverage and hold job for up to 12 months

90. Clinton and Healthcare Plan would have enforced mandate for employers to provide health insurance coverage to all of their employees through competitive but closely-regulated health maintenance organizations (HMOs).

91. Clinton and Healthcare Supporters Need to change system, increasing costs Need to cover everyone Current system creates high cost Critics Too costly, would require HUGE tax increases Government programs are inefficient Would reduce consumer choice in free-market UN-AMERICAN?

92. Clinton Healthcare Critics This commercial was funded by the Health Insurance Association of America in opposition to President Clinton's proposed health care plan.

93. Foreign Policy Concerns In the former Yugoslavia ethnic cleansing/genocide of Albanians by nationalist Serbians Clinton used American troops in a 1999 NATO bombing campaign against Yugoslavia

94. Foreign Policy Concerns Kosovo was then brought under U.N. supervision U.N. Court ruled NO genocide BUT, "a systematic campaign of terror, including murders, rapes, arsons and severe maltreatments". Slobodan Milošević, President of Yugoslavia, was charged with "murders of about 600 individually identified ethnic Albanians" and "crimes against humanity."

95. Foreign Policy Concerns Clinton brought Israeli PM Ehud Barak and Palestinian Chairman Yasser Arafattogether at Camp David Barak and Arafat signed agreement for limited self-government for the Palestinians in the West Bank The situation broke down completely with the start of the Second Intifada.

96. Foreign Policy Concerns Democratically elected President Jean-Bertrand Aristide overthrown in 1991 Haitian refugees fled to U.S. to escape new military gov’t U.S. trade embargo unsuccessful U.S. invaded in 1994

97. Clinton left office with an approval rating at 65%, the highest end of office rating of any President since World War II.