Thailand-Myanmar/Cambodia :Transboundary Machanisms for Strategic Planning and Management of Landscapes

1. Thailand-Myanmar/Cambodia
:Transboundary Machanisms for
Strategic Planning and
Management of Landscapes
By : Songtam Suksawang Ph.D.
E
National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department

2. Fragmentation of Forest
Complex and Protected Area
in Thailand and GMS

3. Fragmentation Impact

4. Forest fragmentation in Protected Area

6. Transboundary
Protected Areas of
Thailand and GMS

7. ’Common Vision’
“By 2020, Thailand, Cambodia and Myanmar will
have established a common cooperative
framework for the conservation and sustainable
management of the Trans-boundary Protected Areas
of the GMS in order to strengthen the protection of the
trans-boundary habitats of wide-ranging wildlife
species and will endeavor to maintain the viability
and ecological integrity of the forest ecosystems
and increase its land use and climate change
adaptation capability to transform the Trans-boundary
Biodiversity Conservation in GMS into an
international symbol of Trans-boundary PA
Landscape.”

8. Objectives
1. To share general ideas and opinions on protected area
management between Thailand – Myanmar and Cambodia
2. To learn experiences of protected area management between the
three countries.
3. To develop Cooperation between Thailand – Myanmar and
Cambodia in conservation of wild fauna and flora especially along
border of Thailand and two countries.
4. TO contribute to the long-term sustainable conservation of
transboundary biodiversity conservation in the Tenassarim Range
between Thailand and Myanmar.
5.TO contribute to the long-term sustainable conservation of
transboundary biodiversity conservation in the Eastern Forest
Complex between Thailand and Cambodia.

9. Key steps for Thailand -Myanmar
Key Steps for Trans-boundary Landscape Conservation
Cooperation Initiatives between Myanmar and Thailand
 Initial feasibility assessment of trans-boundary cooperation
between Myanmar and Thailand
 Selection of the priority areas for cooperation
 Develop terms and conditions for bilateral cooperation
between Forest Department, Myanmar and Department of
National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Thailand
 Getting approval for bilateral cooperation
 Implementation of the collaborative conservation activities

10. แนวเชื่อมต่อระหว่างประเทศ
TRANSBOUNDARY CORRIDOR

11. www.flickr.com
Thailand Biodiversity Corridor Initiative
Tiger corridors
ส่วนศึกษาและวิจัยอุทยานแห่งชาติ สานักอุทยานแห่งชาติ

12. Background
• The Taninthayi (Tenasserim)
eco-region
• Global outstanding of
terrestrial biodiversity:
• dry evergreen & semi-
evergreen forests
• Endangered species
• World’s largest
populations of Asian
elephant and tiger

13. Prospects for Thailand-Myanmar
 Tanithayi National Park is the Priority Site for
trans- boundary conservation cooperation
initiative
 High feasibility for collaborative management
between Kaeng Krachan Forest Complex and
Taninthayi Forest Complex
 Also, high potential for nomination as Trans-
boundary World Heritage Site
 Thematic areas for bilateral cooperation will
include
i. Conservation of biological diversity and
intact ecosystems
ii. Collaborative research on ecological
connectivity and habitat distribution
iii. Cross-border control of illegal wildlife trade
between Myanmar and Thailand

14. Biodiversity hotspots
Proposed WH
“Kaeng Krachan complex”

15. Project Site
Myanmar – Taninthayi Hills
Taninthayi NP (proposed) - A
Taninthayi Nature Res. - B
(3,910 km2)
Thailand – Kaeng Krachan Complex
Mae Nam Pachi WS (17)
Chalerm Prakiat NP (18)
Kaeng Krachan NP (19)
Kui Buri NP (20)
(4,704 km2)
Total ~ 8,614 km2

16. Fauna in Thailand
Guar
Tiger
Sambar Deer
Banteng
Muantjac
Elephant
Wild pig

17. Home of many
Globally
threatened
species e.g.
(Courtesy of
WCS)
Malayan Tapir - VU
Asian Elephant - EN
Stump-tailed Macaque - VU
Banteng - EN Asian Wild Dog - EN
Gaur - VU
Serow - VU
Asiatic Black Bear - VU

18. 6species of Wild Cats
detected (Courtesy of WCS)
Leopard Cat
Golden Cat
Fishing Cat Marble Cat
LeopardTiger

31. Transboundary Thailand- Mynemar
ศูนย์ศึกษาและวิจัยอุทยานแห่งชาติ จังหวัดเพชรบุรี

32. Biodiversity richness of Taninthayi Region
246 plant species, 112 mammals, 152
fishes, 66 snakes, 99 birds
31 mammal species, 212 birds
species and 93 fish species
120 plants, 19 mammals, 228 birds
19 reptiles, 42 fish species
384 plant species, 67 mammals, 244
birds species
17 mammals, 260 bird species

33. Flora and Fauna of TNR
• Tropical rain forests: Giant
evergreen, Sub-evergreen,
Moist deciduous, Riverine,
Dry deciduous, Hill ever-
green and Tidal forest
• Flora: 384 species, 3 CR,
• 4 EN and 6 VU Species,
• 67 Mammal species:
• EN Species: Asian Elephant,
Tiger, Tapir, Serow,
Gibbons, Gaur and Bears
• 244 Bird species
• 10 NT and 3 VU species

34. Dawna Tenasserim Landscape
• This Landscape includes 30,539
km² of protected areas
• Nearly 50,000 km² of wilderness
area
• Providing shelter to over 150
mammals and nearly 570 bird
species.
• It contains one of the largest
protected area networks in
Southeast Asia.
• Habitat of tiger, Siamese
crocodile and Gurney’s Pitta and
Fea’s muntjac.
• WWF had learned construction of
Dawei- Kanchanaburi High Way
Road.
• Moreover, new 3 fish species of
Taninthayi River has been found.

35. 9 of 12 Key Biodiversity Areas
in Taninthari Region
KBAs Priority
Taninthayi Nature Reserve High
Myinmo Letkhat area High
Taninthayi National Park Info need
Northern Laynya Low
Laynya National Park (Ext) High
Laynya National Park High
Lampi Marine NP High
Parchan area Medium
Shark Protected Area Info need

36. Threats in Thailand
• Forest clearing and subsequent land encroachment;
• Small scale illegal logging;
• Influx of refugees and in-migration;
• Increasing settlement;
• Further fragmentation;
• Forest fires and repeated burning
• Commercial level and subsistence poaching

37. Challenges in BCI Phase 1
Elephant Serow
Sambar
Tiger
Guar
Common muntjac
Leopard
Wildlife and Its Habitat
Assessment in the
Corridor Zone

38. Opportunities
BCI restoration area
BCI restoration area

39. Constraints to develop Trans-boundary corridor
• Although Development disturbs
Conservation, high technology
can be used in the construction
of Highway road.
• settlement area may block
biological corridor.
• Project was adjourned since last
year.

40. Key Threats
• Poaching
• Fragmentation & encroachment
• Illegal logging and legal logging
• Settlements inside and around the park
• Forest fires
• Human-elephant conflict

41. Threats in Thailand
• Forest clearing and subsequent land encroachment;
• Small scale illegal logging;
• Influx of refugees and in-migration;
• Increasing settlement;
• Further fragmentation;
• Forest fires and repeated burning
• Commercial level and subsistence poaching

45. Trans-boundary Landscape
Initiative of Protected Areas
in Thailand and Cambodia
.

46. Transboundary Thailand-Cambodia-
LaoPDR: Emeral Triangle

48. Species on the Verge or Over the Edge of Extinction
Species which formerly occurred in the Preah Vihear Protected Forest (PVPF) include :
• Asian Two-horned Rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis).
• Lesser One-horned Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus), which was last observed in Cambodia in
the 1930s.
• Kouprey (Bos sauveli), whose last confirmed observation in the PVPF was in 1964.
• Wild Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), whose last confirmed observation in the PVPF was in 1964.
• Indochinese Tiger (Panthera igris), whose last confirmed observation in the PVPF was in 2003.
• Asiatic Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus).
• Large-antlered Muntjac (Megamuntiacus).
@ Alain Compost
@ Alain Compost

52. Transboundary Thailand -Cambodia

54. Transboundary Thailand-Cambodia

55. Transboundary Thailand- Cambodia

67. SUCCESSIONAL FACTOR

68. TAKE HOME MASSEGE
- Ecosystems and Connectivity and Biodiversity
- Local Livelihoods and Poverty Reduction in
Transboundary Landscape
- Climate change and Transboundary Landscape
- Sustainable Financing