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Texas cafs school ii
- 1. IImmpprroovvee YYoouurr FFiirreeFFiigghhttiinngg EEffffeeccttiivveenneessss BByy 22 TToo 44 TTiimmeess AAnn IInnttrroodduuccttiioonn TToo CCllaassss AA FFooaamm AAnndd CCAAFFSS 1
- 2. TTyyppeess OOff CCoonncceennttrraatteess ((WWaatteerr AAddddiittiivveess)) 2
- 3. Foam Concentrates -WWaatteerr AAddddiittiivveess • Wetting Agents • Class A Foam • Class B Foam Concentrates –Protein & Film Forming Fluoroprotein (FFFP) –Aqueous Film Forming Foams (AFFF) –Alcohol Resistant-AFFF (AR-AFFF) • Emulsifiers / Spill Response Agents • Gels 3 Not to be mistaken for Class A concentrate
- 4. CCoonncceennttrraattee UUssaaggee 4 • Class A Foam • Class B Foam • Emulsifiers / Spill Response Agents • Gels •• EHxypdoroscuarerb Pornostection Polar solvents • Vapor Suppression • Hydrocarbon Recovery Wood, paper, tires, any Class A combustible • Effective in initial attack, overhaul, mop-up and exposure protection • Does NOT affect application rates or manpower requirements
- 5. A Extinguishing AggeennttSSyynnooppssiiss 5 Water A Wet Water A Class A Foam A AFFF B AR-AFFF B FFFP & AR-FFFP B Emulsifier A / B Gel A CHARACTERISTICS Extinguishing Agent Fuel Class Usage Ability to Wet Ability to Foam Ability to Insulate Affinity to Carbon Indifferent to Carbon Reacts with Fuel Poor Average Excellent
- 6. DDoo NNoott MMiixxCCllaassss AA && BB FFooaamm • Result of mixed foam (in strainer) 6
- 7.
- 8. CCllaassss AA FFooaammCChhaarraacctteerriissttiiccss Finished foam adjusted by concentrate percentage using the proportioner Wet 0.2% Fluid 0.5% Dry 1.0% 8 Overhaul Initial Attack Exposure
- 9. WWeett FFooaamm AAtt00..22%% -- OOvveerrhhaauull Small bubble structure and quick drain time 9
- 10. Fluid FFooaamm AAtt00..55%% -- IInniittiiaall AAttttaacckk Medium bubble structure and slower drain time 10
- 11. DDrryy FFooaamm AAtt11..00%% EExxppoossuurree PPrrootteeccttiioonn -- LLoonngg LLaassttiinngg A dry foam blanket with a very slow drain time 11
- 12. FFooaamm PPrrooppeerrttiieess •Expansion ratio –Volume of finished foam to volume of foam solution –Hose-end appliance dictates expansion ratio –Based on amount of air introduced –Low Expansion 1:1 - 20:1 –Medium Expansion 20:1 - 200:1 –High Expansion 200:1 + 12
- 13. Exterior Low EExxppaannssiioonnAApppplliiccaattiioonn 13
- 14.
- 15. HHiigghh EExxppaannssiioonn FFooaamm Flowing down a hillside 15 High expansion generator
- 16. Compressed AAiirr FFooaammSSyysstteemmss • Foam solution plus air injected under pressure • A foam delivery system that incorporates – A water pump – A foam proportioner –An air compressor 16 CCAAFFSS
- 17. The Value OOffUUssiinngg CCllaassss AA FFooaamm 17
- 18. PPaallmmddaallee SSttuuddyy FFiirreeCChhiieeff MMaaggaazziinnee,, AAuugguusstt 22000011 18
- 19. PPaallmmddaallee SSttuuddyy •Los Angeles County Fire Department • 2001 test burns • Scientifically conducted 19 • To compare – Water Temperature readings – Floor – Ceiling – 1’ increments Class A Foam CAFS • Reported in Fire Chief Magazine – August, 2001
- 20. PPaallmmddaallee SSttuuddyy •Three identical 1100 sq./ft. homes and contents 20
- 21. CCrriittiiccaall AApppplliiccaattiioonn RRaattee • The flow rate (water or solution) on a fire at which the fire does not grow – Exceed the critical application rate and the fire is extinguished – Flow less than the critical application rate and the fire burns unchecked 21
- 22. Determining CCrriittiiccaall AApppplliiccaattiioonn • Iowa Formula Cubic Feet Involved 100 22 = GPM 9,075 100 = 91 GPM
- 23. TTiimmee TToo KKnnoocckkddoowwnn Water: 50 seconds Foam: 25 seconds 50% better than water CAFS: 11 seconds 78% better than water 66% better than foam Extinguishment Medium Time (sec.) 23 0:57 0:50 0:43 0:36 0:28 0:21 0:14 0:07 0:00 Wate r Foam CAFS
- 24. Gallons RReeqquuiirreedd FFoorrKKnnoocckkddoowwnn Water: 73 gallons Foam: 44 gallons 40% better than water CAFS: 16 gallons 79% better than water 64% better than foam Extinguishment Medium Gallons 24 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Water Foam CAFS
- 25. TToottaall GGaalllloonnss UUsseedd Water: 320 gallons Foam: 95 gallons 71% better than water CAFS: 45 gallons 86% better than water 53% better than foam Extinguishment Medium Gallons 25 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Water Foam CAFS After 225 gallons, IC ordered foam to aid overhaul
- 26. TTiimmee TToo CCooooll::660000°°FF TToo 220000°°FF Water: 6:03 min Foam: 1:45 min 71% better than water CAFS: 1:28 min 76% better than water 17% better than foam Extinguishment Medium Time (min.) 26 7:12 6:00 4:48 3:36 2:24 1:12 0:00 Water Foam CAFS
- 27. TToottaall FFooaamm CCoonncceennttrraattee 27 UUsseedd 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Extinguishment Medium Concentrate (OZ.) Foam CAFS Concentrate Cost: $15/gal Foam Solution: 31 oz = $3.63 CAFS: 5.8 oz = $0.68
- 28. WWhhaatt TThheessee TTeessttssPPrroovvee • Naturally aspirated foam (NAF) beats water –Time to knockdown –Gallons to knockdown –Total water used –Cooling • Compressed Air Foam beats NAF - in all categories 28
- 29. WWhhyy DDooeess FFooaammWWoorrkk?? • Smaller droplets – faster heat absorbtion • Reduces surface tension – penetrates and wets fuel 29
- 30. 30 When plain water is applied to fuel, surface tension causes water to bead up … WWaatteerr OOnnllyy
- 31. WWaatteerr AAnndd CCllaassssAA CCoonncceennttrraattee 31 Add Class A foam to plain water… solution spreads and penetrates the fuel…
- 32. WWaatteerr AAnndd CCllaassssAA CCoonncceennttrraattee 32 … moisture content of the fuel increases and chance of rekindle is reduced.
- 33. WWhhyy DDooeess FFooaammWWoorrkk?? • Smaller droplets – faster heat absorbtion • Reduces surface tension – penetrates and wets fuel • Foam blanket – provides protection 33
- 34. WWhhyy UUssee WWaatteerrAAddddiittiivveess?? Typical Fire Curve BTU'S Time 34 CAFS Foam Water
- 35. EExxaammpplleess OOff CCllaassssAA FFooaamm aanndd CCAAFFSS UUssaaggee OOnn AAccttuuaall FFiirreess 35
- 36. FFiirree RReeppoorrtteedd!! 36 • 1890’s brick schoolhouse – 4 miles outside of town – No hydrants • First pumper on scene – 6 minute response – 750 gallons of water – FoamPro 2001 Proportioner
- 37. FFiirree KKnnoocckkeedd DDoowwnn!! 37 • Initial attack – 2-1/2” line – 328 gpm – 0.5% Class A foam • Knockdown! – 6 seconds – 33 gallons of water – 0.17 gallons of Class A foam concentrate
- 38. O Effectiveness OnnTTiirree FFiirreess Water: – 750 gpm supplied by: – Two 2-1/2” lines – Two 1-3/4” lines 38 – No effect Class A foam: – 60 gpm @ 0.5% – Medium expansion – 20 minute knockdown Effect Of Class A Foam Effect Of Plain Water
- 39. FFuullllyy IInnvvoollvveedd GGaarraaggee!! Class A foam attack - 125 gpm at 0.5% 39
- 40. Garage AAfftteerr 3355SSeeccoonndd AAttttaacckk NOTE: Lack of smoke; ability of Class A foam to bond with 40 carbon
- 41. SSttrruuccttuurraall –– EExxtteerriioorrAAttttaacckk 41 • 200' x 24' x 35' wood frame structure • Attack with single 1 ½" CAFS line with 1" tip • Approximately 50 gpm, 20 cfm at 0.5%
- 42. SSttrruuccttuurraall –– EExxtteerriioorrAAttttaacckk 42 • Exposure on left protected with foam • CAFS attack begins
- 43. SSttrruuccttuurraall –– EExxtteerriioorrAAttttaacckk CAFS attack continues… 43
- 44. BBeenneeffiittss OOff CCllaassssAA FFooaamm TToo TThhee DDeeppaarrttmmeenntt • Improves firefighter safety • Increases efficiency of plain water 2 to 4 times • Faster fire knockdown • Reduces heat rapidly • Reduces property damage 44 • Reduces overhaul • Fewer rekindles • Protection of exposures • Preserves evidence • Faster cleanup • Reduces on scene time
- 45. PPooiinnttss TToo PPoonnddeerr • Fact: –Class A foam is a 2X improvement over water –CAFS is a 4X improvement over water 45
- 46. PPooiinnttss TToo PPoonnddeerr • Immediately reduce your fire losses by 50 to 75% … just by implementing Class A foam or CAFS. • What other initiative would have as significant an impact for your department? • If this is not a top priority for your department, why not? 46
- 47. WWhhaatt’’ss NNeeww IInn PPrrooppoorrttiioonniinngg SSyysstteemmss 47
- 48. FFooaamm RReeffiillll SSyysstteemmss–– WWhhaatt TThheeyy OOffffeerr • Improved safety • Improved efficiency • Improved Economy 48 • Accomplish No slips or falls task faster from climbing with fewer on personnel top of vehicles • No injuries from lifting foam containers Purchase concentrate in larger containers for less cost PPrraaccttiiccaall TTiipp:: WWhheenn bbiiddddiinngg ccoonncceennttrraattee,, rreeqquueesstt qquuootteess iinn llaarrggeerr ccoonnttaaiinneerrss,, aass wweellll aass tthhee nnoorrmmaall 55 ggaalllloonn ppaaiillss..
- 49. PUMP BASED 49 BALANCED PRESSURE DIRECT INJECTION DC Driven Hydraulically Driven
- 50. 50 Water Tank Water Pump Foam Tank Multiple Discharges 2000 Series Line Strainer EElleeccttrroonniicc DDiirreecctt IInnjjeeccttiioonn PPrrooppoorrttiioonneerrss Check Valves Flow Meter
- 51. 12 // 2244VVoolltt DDCC PPrrooppoorrttiioonneerrss ((FFooaammPPrroo MMooddeell 22000000 SSeerriieess)) • Mainstay of Municipal and Wildland departments • Primarily Class A foam applications (97% of fires) • Majority installed with Dual Tank systems (A and B concentrates) 51
- 52. ……because we ccoouullddbbee ffaacceedd wwiitthh tthhiiss.. 52
- 53. CCaappaabbiilliittiieess OOff AA55..00 GGPPMM SSyysstteemm Class A Attack Capability % SolutionAttack Capability 0.2% 2,000 GPM 200,000 cu ft 0.5% 1,000 GPM 100,000 cu ft 1.0% 500 GPM 50,000 cu ft Solution flow and critical application rate using the Iowa formula 53
- 54. CCaappaabbiilliittiieess OOff AA55..00 GGPPMM SSyysstteemm Class B Attack Capability % Solution Attack Capability 1.0% 500 GPM 4,980 sq ft 3.0% 166 GPM 1,660 sq ft 6.0% 87 GPM 830 sq ft Solution flow and critical application rate on Hydrocarbon @ 0.10 gpm / sq ft 54
- 55. LLiimmiittaattiioonnss OOff AA55..00 GGPPMM SSyysstteemm • Viscosity limitations –Will not perform to rated capacity • Foam supply –No outboard pickup capability • So what is the answer? 55
- 56. DIRECT INJECTION DCDriven Hydraulically 56 Driven Single Port Injection Multi Port Injection
- 57. NNeeww HHiigghheerr CCaappaacciittyyAA // BB SSyysstteemmss ((FFooaammPPrroo MMooddeell 33001122)) • Offers Full Range Of Class A and B Capability 57 - 0.1 – 12.0 GPM • Low end for Class A • Improved Class B flows - 1200 GPM at 1% - 400 GPM at 3% - 200 GPM at 6% • Handles all A and B concentrates • Outboard pickup capability
- 58. CCaappaabbiilliittiieess OOff AA1122..00 GGPPMM SSyysstteemm Class A Attack Capability % SolutionAttack Capability 0.2% 6,000 GPM 600,000 cu ft 0.5% 2,400 GPM 240,000 cu ft 1.0% 1,200 GPM 120,000 cu ft Solution flow and critical application rate using the Iowa formula 58
- 59. CCaappaabbiilliittiieess OOff AA1122..00 GGPPMM SSyysstteemm Class B Attack Capability % SolutionAttack Capability 1.0% 1,200 GPM 12,000 sq ft 3.0% 400 GPM 4,000 sq ft 6.0% 200 GPM 2,000 sq ft Solution flow and critical application rate on Hydrocarbon @ 0.10 gpm / sq ft 59
- 60. QQuueessttiioonnss // CCoommmmeennttss Bill Ballantyne Office: 651-766-6308 bill.ballantyne@hypropumps.com 60
- 61. And FFiinnaallllyy,, RReemmeemmbbeerrTToo AAllwwaayyss:: Buckle Up! Use Foam! Be Safe! Thank You! 61