The document provides an assessment marking schedule for a power station operations training course. It includes 29 multiple choice and short answer questions about various systems in a power station including the generator, seal oil system, stator coolant system, and hydrogen system. Key topics covered include causes of heat generation in the generator, operating pressures and temperatures of hydrogen and seal oil, advantages and disadvantages of using hydrogen as a coolant, and functions of components in the seal oil and stator coolant systems. Diagrams of the seal oil and stator coolant systems are included and referred to in some questions.
The document discusses the hydrogen seal oil system on a generator. It describes the purpose of the system as preventing hydrogen gas from escaping along the generator shaft by forming an oil film between the shaft and seal ring. It outlines the normal flow path of oil through the main seal oil pump and other components like the vacuum tank, emergency seal oil pump, and detraining tanks. It also discusses potential failures of components like pumps and the float trap, and the appropriate operator actions to take in response.
This document provides instructions for purging hydrogen from a generator and filling it with hydrogen safely. It outlines that hydrogen must be purged using carbon dioxide then air due to its explosive properties. The process takes at least 4 hours and over 1,100 pounds of carbon dioxide to fully purge the hydrogen. Precise valve lineups and secondary checks are required when working with hydrogen to avoid explosions.
Steam turbine performance & condition assessment (Case Study)Pichai Chaibamrung
- The steam turbine was modeled using operational data to validate its performance against design specifications. The validated model was then used to analyze current performance and assess potential issues like fouling, blade deposits, and valve deterioration.
- Analysis found the turbine was producing less power than designed and extraction temperatures were higher, indicating leaks into the low pressure stage from blade deposits or damage. Clearances between blades and casing had also increased.
- Inspection of the low pressure feedwater heater found serious fouling, high metal temperatures, and poor condensate temperatures, reducing efficiency and increasing fuel use. Earlier performance analysis could help plan maintenance and repairs.
This document provides instructions for performing a heavy-duty gas turbine combustion inspection. It lists the typical combustion hardware that needs to be inspected, including combustion liners, endcovers, fuel nozzles, transition pieces, cross fire tubes, and flow sleeves. Standard inspection intervals are every 8,000 hours or 900 starts. The inspection involves removing, inspecting, and repairing combustion components. Replacement parts should be available for installation after the inspection is complete. A series of 18 operations is outlined to remove the various combustion and fuel system components to allow for inspection.
210 mw LMZ Turbine rolling and its GOVERNING Nitin Patel
This document provides information about the startup procedure for a 210 MW thermal power station turbine. It involves gradually heating the turbine components like casings and steam pipes before admitting steam. Steam is initially rolled through bypass lines to heat the turbine. Valves are then opened slowly to admit steam into the high pressure and intermediate pressure turbines. Speed is raised gradually while monitoring parameters like temperature, vibration and differential expansion. Once the turbine is rolled up to operating speed, it is ready for synchronization and loading.
This document provides an overview of a training session on air compressors and compressed air systems. It discusses the different types of compressors including reciprocating, rotary, centrifugal and axial compressors. It also covers how to assess compressors and compressed air systems to determine capacity, efficiency and leaks. Finally, it outlines various energy efficiency opportunities such as optimizing pressure settings and intake air conditions, installing intercoolers and aftercoolers, minimizing leaks, and implementing proper maintenance practices.
- A stage in an impulse turbine consists of moving blades behind a nozzle, while in a reaction turbine each row of blades is a stage.
- Diaphragms hold the nozzles and seals between turbine stages. Tip leakage is a problem in reaction turbines where steam escapes across moving blade tips.
- Thrust bearings maintain the rotor's axial position, while radial bearings support the rotor at each end of the steam cylinder and must be accurately aligned.
- Deposits in a turbine can be detected through pressure monitoring, efficiency monitoring, and exhaust steam temperature monitoring. Deposits are removed through washing with condensate or wet steam for water soluble deposits and mechanically after dismantling for water insoluble
The document provides specifications for a 22500 KVA, 3 phase, 4 pole turbine generator including operating parameters such as voltage, current, speed, power factor, ratings, excitation voltage and current. It also lists turbine alarms and trip parameters related to lubrication oil pressure and temperature, bearing temperatures, vibrations, axial displacement and electrical faults. Key operating parameters outlined include load, steam pressures and temperatures, flows, lubricating oil pressures and temperatures.
The document discusses the hydrogen seal oil system on a generator. It describes the purpose of the system as preventing hydrogen gas from escaping along the generator shaft by forming an oil film between the shaft and seal ring. It outlines the normal flow path of oil through the main seal oil pump and other components like the vacuum tank, emergency seal oil pump, and detraining tanks. It also discusses potential failures of components like pumps and the float trap, and the appropriate operator actions to take in response.
This document provides instructions for purging hydrogen from a generator and filling it with hydrogen safely. It outlines that hydrogen must be purged using carbon dioxide then air due to its explosive properties. The process takes at least 4 hours and over 1,100 pounds of carbon dioxide to fully purge the hydrogen. Precise valve lineups and secondary checks are required when working with hydrogen to avoid explosions.
Steam turbine performance & condition assessment (Case Study)Pichai Chaibamrung
- The steam turbine was modeled using operational data to validate its performance against design specifications. The validated model was then used to analyze current performance and assess potential issues like fouling, blade deposits, and valve deterioration.
- Analysis found the turbine was producing less power than designed and extraction temperatures were higher, indicating leaks into the low pressure stage from blade deposits or damage. Clearances between blades and casing had also increased.
- Inspection of the low pressure feedwater heater found serious fouling, high metal temperatures, and poor condensate temperatures, reducing efficiency and increasing fuel use. Earlier performance analysis could help plan maintenance and repairs.
This document provides instructions for performing a heavy-duty gas turbine combustion inspection. It lists the typical combustion hardware that needs to be inspected, including combustion liners, endcovers, fuel nozzles, transition pieces, cross fire tubes, and flow sleeves. Standard inspection intervals are every 8,000 hours or 900 starts. The inspection involves removing, inspecting, and repairing combustion components. Replacement parts should be available for installation after the inspection is complete. A series of 18 operations is outlined to remove the various combustion and fuel system components to allow for inspection.
210 mw LMZ Turbine rolling and its GOVERNING Nitin Patel
This document provides information about the startup procedure for a 210 MW thermal power station turbine. It involves gradually heating the turbine components like casings and steam pipes before admitting steam. Steam is initially rolled through bypass lines to heat the turbine. Valves are then opened slowly to admit steam into the high pressure and intermediate pressure turbines. Speed is raised gradually while monitoring parameters like temperature, vibration and differential expansion. Once the turbine is rolled up to operating speed, it is ready for synchronization and loading.
This document provides an overview of a training session on air compressors and compressed air systems. It discusses the different types of compressors including reciprocating, rotary, centrifugal and axial compressors. It also covers how to assess compressors and compressed air systems to determine capacity, efficiency and leaks. Finally, it outlines various energy efficiency opportunities such as optimizing pressure settings and intake air conditions, installing intercoolers and aftercoolers, minimizing leaks, and implementing proper maintenance practices.
- A stage in an impulse turbine consists of moving blades behind a nozzle, while in a reaction turbine each row of blades is a stage.
- Diaphragms hold the nozzles and seals between turbine stages. Tip leakage is a problem in reaction turbines where steam escapes across moving blade tips.
- Thrust bearings maintain the rotor's axial position, while radial bearings support the rotor at each end of the steam cylinder and must be accurately aligned.
- Deposits in a turbine can be detected through pressure monitoring, efficiency monitoring, and exhaust steam temperature monitoring. Deposits are removed through washing with condensate or wet steam for water soluble deposits and mechanically after dismantling for water insoluble
The document provides specifications for a 22500 KVA, 3 phase, 4 pole turbine generator including operating parameters such as voltage, current, speed, power factor, ratings, excitation voltage and current. It also lists turbine alarms and trip parameters related to lubrication oil pressure and temperature, bearing temperatures, vibrations, axial displacement and electrical faults. Key operating parameters outlined include load, steam pressures and temperatures, flows, lubricating oil pressures and temperatures.
This document contains frequently asked questions and answers about steam turbines. It discusses issues like speed variation, vibration, deposits, erosion, washing, compounding, and monitoring. Questions cover topics such as reducing speed variation through governor adjustments, the effects of deposits on efficiency, solid particle erosion, monitoring internal efficiency, and reducing vibration damage through blade design modifications. Causes and remedies of issues like governor lubrication problems, safety trip valve trips, and foreign particle damage are also addressed.
This document provides an overview of gas turbine fundamentals and components. It discusses the gas turbine course topics which include the lubrication oil system, hydraulic oil system, trip oil system and other key systems. It then summarizes the components and operation of a GE 9001E gas turbine, including descriptions of the compressor, combustion system, turbine, bearings and lubrication oil system.
Thermal Power Plant Simulator, Cold, warm and Hot rolling of Steam TurbineManohar Tatwawadi
The presentation describes the cold rolling, warm rolling and hot rolling and synchronising of steam turbine. The Temperature Matching Chart for Turbine metal and Steam is also discussed in the presentation
This document provides information about a 210 MW low pressure steam turbine. Key points:
- The turbine is a condensing, three cylinder, horizontal turbine with regenerative feed heating and nozzle governing. It has 12 stages in the high pressure turbine and 11 stages in the intermediate pressure turbine.
- The turbine has 5 bearings supporting the 3 rotors. Steam flows through the high pressure turbine, then to the reheater and intermediate pressure turbine before entering the low pressure turbine with 8 total stages.
- Procedures are described for starting the turbine safely using the barring gear to slowly rotate the rotors and prevent distortion, as well as monitoring metal temperatures, vibrations, and eccentricity during startup.
How to Improve Steam Turbine Head Rate and Increase OutputMargaret Harrison
As the steam path degrades in mature steam turbines performance loss often occurs. Reducing heat rate while increasing output can have a significant impact on earning potential within the current market and today’s regulatory conditions. Improvements of 3% or more have been seen by users who have installed the full package of steam turbine seals in their units. EthosEnergy has been developing advanced turbine sealing technologies that improve efficiency and performance of steam turbines for over 30 years.
The document discusses the turbine protection system of a thermal power plant. It describes 13 different turbine trip conditions such as low lube oil pressure, high drum level, low main steam temperature, high exhaust steam temperature, fire protection operation, axial shift limits, low vacuum, high hydrogen cooler temperatures, high exciter air temperatures, liquid in bushings, master fuel trip, generator faults, and emergency trip from control room. It provides details on the logic, sensors, and mechanisms for each protection system to safely trip the turbine during abnormal operating conditions.
The Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for a turbine lube oil system outlines the responsibilities, functions, equipment specifications, and operating procedures. The SOP guides operators to safely and efficiently operate the system for optimum turbine performance. Key responsibilities include implementing the SOP to ensure safe operation. The system lubricates turbine bearings, supplies sealing oil, and provides oil for jacking. Proper operation and monitoring of pumps, tanks, coolers, and other equipment is described for startup, normal operation, checks, and shutdown.
The document provides instructions for various operations at a thermal power plant, including:
1) Charging the PRDS system and opening associated valves.
2) Opening valves in the cooling water system and starting the cooling water pump.
3) Heating the deaerator and establishing feedwater flow to the boiler by regulating valves.
4) Starting the boiler feed pumps and monitoring associated parameters.
5) Charging the main steam lines and monitoring drum level and flue gas temperatures.
6) Building condenser vacuum by opening air vents and valves, starting the ejectors, and admitting gland sealing steam.
The document outlines the steps to safely shut down a 210 MW power generation unit for overhaul and maintenance. It involves gradually reducing boiler steam parameters and turbine load over several steps by cutting mills and heaters, before finally tripping the turbine. Key steps include maintaining temperature differences, ensuring availability of emergency equipment, monitoring parameters, and opening drains. The shutdown is completed by venting the boiler drum and stopping auxiliary systems once drum pressure is reduced.
Thermal Power Plant Simulator Hands-on MalfunctionsManohar Tatwawadi
The presentation describes some of the malfunctions in a Power Plant. Many more can be simulated and operators told to handle the situations in the simulator. The trippings of Generator, turbine, boilers and all auxiliaries can be simulated to get hands on practice on the simulator before operating the actual turbogenerator and boiler associated equipment.
The presentation is for the simulator for the operation of Thermal Power Plant from starting. It describes the Electrical Charging and Water Cycle Establishment. The simultaneous operations on Turbine sides are also described for the First Part.
660 mw turbo generator & its auxiliariesAshvani Shukla
This document provides an overview of the 660MW turbo-generator, its auxiliaries, and associated systems. Some key points:
- The turbo-generator has 26 concrete columns supporting its deck. The turbine hall has 3 rows of columns and 2 bays of different widths.
- The turbine is rated for 660MW and has 59 stages total across its high pressure, intermediate pressure, and low pressure sections.
- Auxiliary systems include lube oil, seal steam, control fluid, and protection systems. Materials of construction include various steel and alloy compositions.
- Comprehensive details are given on system parameters, components, piping, instrumentation, and operations across the main turbine and auxiliary systems
A boiler trip command stops all fuel inputs and closes all heavy oil nozzle valves. There are two separate boiler trip commands that must both be reset before a furnace purge can begin. A boiler trip establishes a master fuel trip memory signal, indicated by red and green lights, and triggers various safety events like tripping pulverizers and fans. Boiler explosions can occur if unburned fuel accumulates in the furnace, while implosions result from rapid decreases in furnace pressure. Preventive measures include maintaining minimum air flows and slowly reducing fuel and fan speeds after a trip.
The document provides information about emission control systems, specifically exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) systems. It describes the purpose of EGR systems to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions by recirculating a portion of exhaust gases into the intake manifold. This lowers combustion temperatures. It explains positive and negative backpressure EGR valves and computer-controlled EGR systems using solenoids. It also discusses EGR valve position sensors that provide feedback to the computer on valve operation.
The turbo expander compressor are used to achieve cryogenic temperature by reducing the enthalpy of high pressure gas in refrigeration cycles of Oil and gas, Refining and Petrochemical Process. These slides covers the working process of Expander compressor, process applications of expander compressor, Preliminary sizing calculations, Auxiliaries associated with Expander compressor mainly focusing on Active magnetic bearing equipment and its control system.
1) Steam turbines are important prime movers that convert the thermal energy of steam into useful work. They operate using the principle that steam flowing over curved turbine blades imparts a force and causes the blades to rotate.
2) Steam turbines can be classified as impulse or reaction turbines depending on where the pressure drop of steam occurs. Impulse turbines only cause a pressure drop in nozzles, while reaction turbines cause a pressure drop both in nozzles and over rotor blades.
3) Steam condensers are heat transfer devices that condense exhaust steam from turbines using cooling water. The condensed steam, or condensate, is returned to boilers to be reused, saving water costs.
The document discusses hydrogen gas cooling in large thermal power plant generators. It describes how hydrogen gas is used to cool the rotor and stator components inside the sealed generator casing. Hydrogen gas is selected for its high heat transfer coefficient and low viscosity. It flows through axial channels in the rotor and stator core, and also directly contacts and cools the hollow copper rotor winding conductors. About 1% of the generator's power input is lost as heat and removed by the circulating hydrogen gas.
DLC UL120lm/w IP64 360degree led corn light 5w,7w,9w,12w,15w,20w,30w,40w,60w,80w,100w,120w,150w,E26,E39,G24D or G24Q base(2pins or 4pins)
www.mastled.com sales@mastled.com
Mosin Shekh is an Oracle Applications and Database Administrator with over 5 years of experience working on Oracle EBS 11i and R12 installations. He has strong skills in administering Oracle databases including backup/recovery, patching, and cloning. He has also implemented Discoverer and OEM and supported various production Oracle ERP environments. Mosin holds a bachelor's degree in Information Technology and is seeking an opportunity to further develop his Oracle skills.
This document contains frequently asked questions and answers about steam turbines. It discusses issues like speed variation, vibration, deposits, erosion, washing, compounding, and monitoring. Questions cover topics such as reducing speed variation through governor adjustments, the effects of deposits on efficiency, solid particle erosion, monitoring internal efficiency, and reducing vibration damage through blade design modifications. Causes and remedies of issues like governor lubrication problems, safety trip valve trips, and foreign particle damage are also addressed.
This document provides an overview of gas turbine fundamentals and components. It discusses the gas turbine course topics which include the lubrication oil system, hydraulic oil system, trip oil system and other key systems. It then summarizes the components and operation of a GE 9001E gas turbine, including descriptions of the compressor, combustion system, turbine, bearings and lubrication oil system.
Thermal Power Plant Simulator, Cold, warm and Hot rolling of Steam TurbineManohar Tatwawadi
The presentation describes the cold rolling, warm rolling and hot rolling and synchronising of steam turbine. The Temperature Matching Chart for Turbine metal and Steam is also discussed in the presentation
This document provides information about a 210 MW low pressure steam turbine. Key points:
- The turbine is a condensing, three cylinder, horizontal turbine with regenerative feed heating and nozzle governing. It has 12 stages in the high pressure turbine and 11 stages in the intermediate pressure turbine.
- The turbine has 5 bearings supporting the 3 rotors. Steam flows through the high pressure turbine, then to the reheater and intermediate pressure turbine before entering the low pressure turbine with 8 total stages.
- Procedures are described for starting the turbine safely using the barring gear to slowly rotate the rotors and prevent distortion, as well as monitoring metal temperatures, vibrations, and eccentricity during startup.
How to Improve Steam Turbine Head Rate and Increase OutputMargaret Harrison
As the steam path degrades in mature steam turbines performance loss often occurs. Reducing heat rate while increasing output can have a significant impact on earning potential within the current market and today’s regulatory conditions. Improvements of 3% or more have been seen by users who have installed the full package of steam turbine seals in their units. EthosEnergy has been developing advanced turbine sealing technologies that improve efficiency and performance of steam turbines for over 30 years.
The document discusses the turbine protection system of a thermal power plant. It describes 13 different turbine trip conditions such as low lube oil pressure, high drum level, low main steam temperature, high exhaust steam temperature, fire protection operation, axial shift limits, low vacuum, high hydrogen cooler temperatures, high exciter air temperatures, liquid in bushings, master fuel trip, generator faults, and emergency trip from control room. It provides details on the logic, sensors, and mechanisms for each protection system to safely trip the turbine during abnormal operating conditions.
The Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for a turbine lube oil system outlines the responsibilities, functions, equipment specifications, and operating procedures. The SOP guides operators to safely and efficiently operate the system for optimum turbine performance. Key responsibilities include implementing the SOP to ensure safe operation. The system lubricates turbine bearings, supplies sealing oil, and provides oil for jacking. Proper operation and monitoring of pumps, tanks, coolers, and other equipment is described for startup, normal operation, checks, and shutdown.
The document provides instructions for various operations at a thermal power plant, including:
1) Charging the PRDS system and opening associated valves.
2) Opening valves in the cooling water system and starting the cooling water pump.
3) Heating the deaerator and establishing feedwater flow to the boiler by regulating valves.
4) Starting the boiler feed pumps and monitoring associated parameters.
5) Charging the main steam lines and monitoring drum level and flue gas temperatures.
6) Building condenser vacuum by opening air vents and valves, starting the ejectors, and admitting gland sealing steam.
The document outlines the steps to safely shut down a 210 MW power generation unit for overhaul and maintenance. It involves gradually reducing boiler steam parameters and turbine load over several steps by cutting mills and heaters, before finally tripping the turbine. Key steps include maintaining temperature differences, ensuring availability of emergency equipment, monitoring parameters, and opening drains. The shutdown is completed by venting the boiler drum and stopping auxiliary systems once drum pressure is reduced.
Thermal Power Plant Simulator Hands-on MalfunctionsManohar Tatwawadi
The presentation describes some of the malfunctions in a Power Plant. Many more can be simulated and operators told to handle the situations in the simulator. The trippings of Generator, turbine, boilers and all auxiliaries can be simulated to get hands on practice on the simulator before operating the actual turbogenerator and boiler associated equipment.
The presentation is for the simulator for the operation of Thermal Power Plant from starting. It describes the Electrical Charging and Water Cycle Establishment. The simultaneous operations on Turbine sides are also described for the First Part.
660 mw turbo generator & its auxiliariesAshvani Shukla
This document provides an overview of the 660MW turbo-generator, its auxiliaries, and associated systems. Some key points:
- The turbo-generator has 26 concrete columns supporting its deck. The turbine hall has 3 rows of columns and 2 bays of different widths.
- The turbine is rated for 660MW and has 59 stages total across its high pressure, intermediate pressure, and low pressure sections.
- Auxiliary systems include lube oil, seal steam, control fluid, and protection systems. Materials of construction include various steel and alloy compositions.
- Comprehensive details are given on system parameters, components, piping, instrumentation, and operations across the main turbine and auxiliary systems
A boiler trip command stops all fuel inputs and closes all heavy oil nozzle valves. There are two separate boiler trip commands that must both be reset before a furnace purge can begin. A boiler trip establishes a master fuel trip memory signal, indicated by red and green lights, and triggers various safety events like tripping pulverizers and fans. Boiler explosions can occur if unburned fuel accumulates in the furnace, while implosions result from rapid decreases in furnace pressure. Preventive measures include maintaining minimum air flows and slowly reducing fuel and fan speeds after a trip.
The document provides information about emission control systems, specifically exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) systems. It describes the purpose of EGR systems to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions by recirculating a portion of exhaust gases into the intake manifold. This lowers combustion temperatures. It explains positive and negative backpressure EGR valves and computer-controlled EGR systems using solenoids. It also discusses EGR valve position sensors that provide feedback to the computer on valve operation.
The turbo expander compressor are used to achieve cryogenic temperature by reducing the enthalpy of high pressure gas in refrigeration cycles of Oil and gas, Refining and Petrochemical Process. These slides covers the working process of Expander compressor, process applications of expander compressor, Preliminary sizing calculations, Auxiliaries associated with Expander compressor mainly focusing on Active magnetic bearing equipment and its control system.
1) Steam turbines are important prime movers that convert the thermal energy of steam into useful work. They operate using the principle that steam flowing over curved turbine blades imparts a force and causes the blades to rotate.
2) Steam turbines can be classified as impulse or reaction turbines depending on where the pressure drop of steam occurs. Impulse turbines only cause a pressure drop in nozzles, while reaction turbines cause a pressure drop both in nozzles and over rotor blades.
3) Steam condensers are heat transfer devices that condense exhaust steam from turbines using cooling water. The condensed steam, or condensate, is returned to boilers to be reused, saving water costs.
The document discusses hydrogen gas cooling in large thermal power plant generators. It describes how hydrogen gas is used to cool the rotor and stator components inside the sealed generator casing. Hydrogen gas is selected for its high heat transfer coefficient and low viscosity. It flows through axial channels in the rotor and stator core, and also directly contacts and cools the hollow copper rotor winding conductors. About 1% of the generator's power input is lost as heat and removed by the circulating hydrogen gas.
DLC UL120lm/w IP64 360degree led corn light 5w,7w,9w,12w,15w,20w,30w,40w,60w,80w,100w,120w,150w,E26,E39,G24D or G24Q base(2pins or 4pins)
www.mastled.com sales@mastled.com
Mosin Shekh is an Oracle Applications and Database Administrator with over 5 years of experience working on Oracle EBS 11i and R12 installations. He has strong skills in administering Oracle databases including backup/recovery, patching, and cloning. He has also implemented Discoverer and OEM and supported various production Oracle ERP environments. Mosin holds a bachelor's degree in Information Technology and is seeking an opportunity to further develop his Oracle skills.
In July 1999, a consortium including Alstom Power and Peremba was awarded a contract by TENAGA NASIONAL BERHARD JANAMANJUNG (TNBJ) to supply 3 x 700 MW thermal power plant units for the Manjung power plant in Malaysia. Alstom Power was responsible for the design, civil works, equipment, erection, commissioning, and training for the power blocks. Peremba was responsible for auxiliary buildings and electrical works. The plant utilizes seawater for cooling and flue gas desulphurization. It is located on a reclaimed island 10 km from Lumut and uses steam turbines, generators, and other main
This document discusses the different uses of the word "can" in the English language. It is used to talk about possibility and ability. For possibility, "can" is used to talk about what is allowed or possible, while "can't" refers to what is not allowed or possible. For ability, "can" refers to things one is capable of doing, while "can't" refers to things one is incapable of doing. The document also notes that "can" is used in offers, requests, and instructions, and explains that the negative form is "cannot" or the contracted "can't".
El rol principal de un profesional en gestión de proyectos es lograr los objetivos planteados desde el inicio a través de una buena planificación, organización, ejecución y control del proyecto. Un ciclo de vida de proyecto completo requiere tener definidas las fases inicial, intermedia y final, así como realizar evaluaciones periódicas. El director del proyecto y el equipo de proyecto son los principales responsables de establecer y seguir adecuadamente el ciclo de vida del proyecto.
Eco Waste Solutions for the Natural Resource Industry - FrenchEco Waste Solutions
EWS propose des solutions éprouvées pour la gestion des déchets. Les systèmes peuvent être mobiles ou permanents et comprennent des applications de valorisation énergétiques des déchets innovantes. Une gamme complète d'équipements pour répondre aux besoins des petites et grandes exploitations minières ou autres, et des camps de travailleurs éloignés.
Joe anthony correia manages the correia dairy in stocktonJeo Anthony Correia
Joe Anthony Correia, a dairy science graduate is handling a widespread dairy business in Stockton with his father and brother. Joe’s family is a very close knit and all live close to the Correia dairy. Talking about his academic background, Joe Anthony Correia has been graduated from Escalon High School in 2002.
Sona Bae was born in Korea but moved to Canada at age 2. She comes from an active family who enjoyed traveling and experiencing adventures together. This influenced Sona's love of adventure. Some of the adventurous activities Sona has experienced include zip lining, horseback riding, jet skiing, parasailing, and camelback riding. She hopes to continue exploring the world through more adventures like skydiving in the future.
Eco Waste Solutions (EWS) est une compagnie canadienne de technologies environnementales axée sur les solutions de gestion des déchets à l'endroit où ils sont générés. Les systèmes d'oxydation thermique Eco Waste de EWS offrent une alternative de gestion durable des déchets pour des clients, généralement situés dans des endroits éloignés, où les options traditionnelles d'élimination des déchets ne sont pas envisageables. Ces systèmes, qui sont technologiquement avancés et faciles à utiliser, ont démontré leur capacité dans des emplacements miniers extrêmes tels que les régions arctiques, climats tropicaux et en haute altitude. Cette feuille de
route, ainsi que la performance environnementale et la durabilité de ses produits, permet à EWS de se distinguer des autres fournisseurs d'oxydation thermique à travers le monde.
La lumbalgia es un dolor persistente en la parte baja de la espalda causado por la contractura de los músculos lumbares. Afecta a entre el 8-80% de la población mundial y se debe a mantener posturas forzadas por largos períodos o permanecer sentado con mala postura. El tratamiento incluye ejercicios, calor, reposo y técnicas de relajación para aliviar el dolor agudo o crónico.
Las avanzadas soluciones del manejo de desperdicio de EWS han sido probadas en el campo, en sistemas móviles y estacionarios, como también en innovación de sistemas de conversión de desperdicio en energía. Los equipos se dimensionan según las necesidades, desde pequeñas hasta
grandes operaciones de exploración y minería; y para cualquier aplicación con campamentos para el personal.
The document is a cover letter and resume submitted by Shad Ferguson for a sales assistant position. In the cover letter, Ferguson highlights his previous client-centered experience and strong communication skills. The resume then details Ferguson's expertise in areas such as sales, client relationships, and business development. It provides details on his current role as an insurance agent and past roles managing operations at various companies.
It takes an average of 6 gallons of water to produce one gallon of wine. The sustainable amount is 2-3 gallons of water per gallon of wine. Most of the water used in wineries goes to cleaning equipment between uses. The Robert Mondavi Institute at UC Davis is studying ways for California wineries to conserve water and operate more sustainably, such as capturing water and chemicals from cleaning cycles to reuse, and using solar power and green chemistry. Their goal is to create a self-sustainable, zero carbon winery facility.
KA2 - We are cooperARTive! Linguistic and naturalistic challengevittoria volterrani
The document reports on a student project where 7 teams of pupils researched different types of trees. Most of the feedback was positive, with students and teachers rating the overall project as "good". Student self-evaluations and team evaluations showed the highest scores for cooperation, helping each other, and paying attention to instructions. Some teams struggled with lack of motivation, finding information, and writing poems. Teachers praised the group work and dividing of roles but noted the theoretical parts were sometimes difficult.
This document summarizes the thermal characterization of a gas-gap heat switch developed by the University of Twente in collaboration with ESA. The heat switch uses a gas whose thermal conductivity varies with temperature and pressure to act as a thermal conductor or insulator. The author built thermal models and conducted experiments to evaluate the heat switch performance. The experimental results showed good agreement with the models. The heat switch exhibited an ON conductance of 2.60 W/K and OFF conductance of 0.30 W/K with an ON/OFF ratio of 8.67 when operating with helium gas. Improvements to the manufacturing process were also recommended to enhance performance and tolerances.
Fireblock manufactures a range of commercial and industrial steel doors and windows, including fire-rated, blast-resistant, acoustic, and security products. Their doors are uniquely designed with patented features and undergo rigorous testing. A variety of sizes, materials, finishes, and certifications are available. Fireblock also offers complementary windows, louvres, door frames and installation services to suit various construction and industry applications.
A União Europeia está preocupada com o aumento da desinformação online e propôs novas regras para combater as notícias falsas. As novas regras exigiriam que as plataformas de mídia social monitorassem conteúdo enganoso e tomassem medidas para reduzir sua disseminação, como adicionar advertências ou removê-lo completamente. No entanto, as novas regras também levantaram preocupações sobre censura e restrições à liberdade de expressão.
This document discusses zero emission compressor systems that use water injection instead of oil lubrication. It provides information on:
- The main companies developing water injected screw compressor technology, including Atlas Copco, GrassAir, and Aerzener Maschinenfabrik.
- The four main types of water injected screw elements, including the pure water injected Kirsten and Atlas Copco models, as well as hybrid models.
- How water injection cools, seals, and lubricates the compression element, improving energy efficiency through near isothermal compression.
- The benefits of water injected compressor systems compared to oil lubricated systems, such as eliminating oil contamination, reducing maintenance needs, and providing higher pressures and
This document discusses zero emission compressor systems that use water injection instead of oil lubrication. It provides information on:
- The main companies that develop and manufacture water injected rotary screw compressors.
- The four main types of water injected screw elements, including those that use no oil/grease lubrication and those that are hybrid systems.
- How water injection cools, seals, and lubricates the compression element, improving energy efficiency through near-isothermal compression.
- Key differences in system configuration and water treatment requirements compared to conventional compressors.
This document provides details on routine testing and maintenance services for transformers. It lists various tests and services conducted before and after overhauling a transformer to improve its performance and efficiency. These include routine testing of components like Buchholze relays, OTI/WTI meters, radiators, conservator tanks and maintenance of parts like the main tank, core and windings. The aim is to check operation and insulation, calibrate instruments, replace gaskets and clean components to enhance the transformer's lifespan.
This document provides information about SEG Series after-service air compressors ranging from 5HP to 15HP. It describes the key components of the compressors including the enclosure, airend, motor, cooling system, filtration system, valves, and controller. The airend uses a heavy-duty design with SKF bearings for long life. The compressor also features a centrifugal cooling fan, oil and air filters, thermo control and pressure valves, and an automated controller for protection and maintenance functions.
Group 8 C1 (1.5 L DOHE VTEC 4 Stork Naturally Aspirated DI13 B4).pptxhm4241693
1. The document discusses a 1.5 L DOHE VTEC 4 Stork Naturally Aspirated DI13 engine made by Scania. It describes the engine's specifications and components.
2. Scania is a major Swedish manufacturer of diesel engines for trucks, buses, marine vessels, and industrial applications. The DI13 series are naturally aspirated engines with compression ratios ranging from 16.3:1 to 17.3:1.
3. The document covers the engine's parts, workings, advantages and disadvantages of natural aspiration, cooling systems, maintenance procedures, applications in trucks and buses, and concludes with an overview of the information presented.
This document provides information about a GlobeCore transformer oil regeneration plant. It can [1] regenerate used transformer oil to restore its dielectric properties and chemical composition, [2] remove gases, water, and particles from oil, and [3] service transformers by evacuating them, heating their windings with hot oil, and removing sediment. The plant uses a degassing section to filter and vacuum treat oil, and a regeneration section uses sorbent to restore oil chemically. It can process up to 4 cubic meters of oil per hour and treat oil both online and offline from transformers.
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The document provides information on an engine including:
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Volvo ECR88 Compact Excavator Service Repair Manual Instant Download.pdffijsekkkdmdm3e
The document provides service information for an engine, including:
1. The engine is a 4-cycle, 4-cylinder diesel engine that uses direct injection and is water-cooled.
2. The document includes diagrams and descriptions of engine components and locations.
3. Inspection and maintenance procedures are outlined, including checking for leaks, measuring compression pressure, adjusting valves, and preparing for long-term storage.
Volvo ECR88 Compact Excavator Service Repair Manual Instant Download.pdfrou774513po
The document provides service information for an engine, including:
1. The engine is a 4-cycle, 4-cylinder diesel engine that uses direct injection and is water-cooled.
2. The document includes diagrams and descriptions of engine components and locations.
3. Inspection and maintenance procedures are outlined, including checking for leaks, measuring compression pressure, adjusting valves, and preparing for long-term storage.
Volvo ECR88 Compact Excavator Service Repair Manual Instant Download.pdfzhenchun51
The document provides service information for an engine, including:
1. The engine is a 4-cycle, 4-cylinder diesel engine that uses direct injection and is water-cooled.
2. The document includes diagrams and descriptions of engine components and locations.
3. Inspection and maintenance procedures are outlined, including checking for leaks, measuring compression pressure, adjusting valves, and preparing for long-term storage.
Volvo ECR88 Compact Excavator Service Repair Manual Instant Download.pdftepu22753653
The document provides service information for an engine, including:
1. The engine is a 4-cycle, 4-cylinder diesel engine that uses direct injection and is water-cooled.
2. The document includes diagrams and descriptions of engine components and locations.
3. Inspection and maintenance procedures are outlined, including checking for leaks, measuring compression pressure, adjusting valves, and preparing for long-term storage.
Volvo ECR88 Compact Excavator Service Repair Manual Instant Download.pdflunrizan628
The document provides service information for an engine, including:
1. The engine is a 4-cycle, 4-cylinder diesel engine that uses direct injection and is water-cooled.
2. The document includes diagrams and descriptions of engine components and locations.
3. Inspection and maintenance procedures are outlined, including checking for leaks, measuring compression pressure, adjusting valves, and preparing for long-term storage.
Volvo ECR88 Compact Excavator Service Repair Manual Instant Download.pdfdai20nao
The document provides service information for an engine, including:
1. The engine is a 4-cycle, 4-cylinder diesel engine that uses direct injection and is water-cooled.
2. The document includes diagrams and descriptions of engine components and locations.
3. Inspection and maintenance procedures are outlined, including checking for leaks, measuring compression pressure, adjusting valves, and preparing for long-term storage.
Volvo ECR88 Compact Excavator Service Repair Manual Instant Download.pdffapanhe306271
The document provides service information for an engine, including:
1. The engine is a 4-cycle, 4-cylinder diesel engine that uses direct injection and is water-cooled.
2. The document includes diagrams and descriptions of engine components and locations.
3. Inspection and maintenance procedures are outlined, including checking for leaks, measuring compression pressure, adjusting valves, and preparing for long-term storage.
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This document appears to be a training assessment for plant operations at a power station. It contains 14 multiple choice and short answer questions related to generator systems, hydrogen use, seal oil, stator coolant, and demin water. Candidates are instructed to answer all questions within a two hour time limit without references. The questions cover topics like causes of heat generation in generators, gas temperatures, operating pressures, the hydrogen cooling system, explosive ranges for hydrogen, and purge processes.
World map of power stations that I have worked inRichard Smith
This document outlines Richard John Smith's career highlights from 1984 to present including his roles, employers, locations, and plant details. It shows that he has over 30 years of experience in operations and maintenance roles in various power plants across New Zealand, Australia, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. His experience spans multiple technologies including gas turbines, steam turbines, combined cycle plants, and renewable energy. He has held positions as an operator, fitter, engineer and manager with responsibilities for production, operations, training, and plant performance.
1. richardsmith@asia.com
Generator, Unit Hydrogen, Seal Oil,
Stator Coolant, Demin Water
Plant Operations Training
Huntly Power Station: Units 1-4
Assessment ID: 8014, 8012, 8009, 8015, 8016
NZQA Unit Standard: 17413
Assessment Marking Schedule
/107 marks
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8014 Written Assessment Marking Schedule.doc Genesis Energy 2
Questions
1. List 4 possible causes of heat generation within the generator. (4 marks)
• Friction – bearings , seals etc
• Windage – air circulation due to rotating components
• Copper losses – resistance in the windings
• Iron losses – eddy currents , hysteresis
2. Explain the terms “hot” and “cold” gas temperature. (2 marks)
• The ‘hot gas temperature’ is the temperature of the hydrogen gas in the generator
before it is cooled by the hydrogen coolers.
• The ‘cold gas temperature’ is the temperature of the hydrogen gas in the generator
after it is cooled by the hydrogen coolers.
3. What is the normal operating pressure of hydrogen in the generator? (1 mark)
a) 3.5 bar
b) 3.0 bar
c) 2.5 bar
d) 4.0 bar
4. What is the normal operating pressure at the seals of the seal oil? (1 mark)
a) 3.5 bar
b) 3.0 bar
c) 2.5 bar
d) 4.0 bar
5. What system directly cools the hydrogen in the generator? (1 mark)
a) Auxiliary cooling water
b) Demin water
c) Stator coolant
d) Cooling water
6. What is the explosive range for hydrogen? (1 mark)
a) 20% - 75%
b) 4% - 95%
c) 20% - 95%
d) 4% - 75%
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8014 Written Assessment Marking Schedule.doc Genesis Energy 3
7. Seal Oil / Hydrogen differential pressure is normally? (1 mark)
a) 1.0 bar
b) 0.6 bar
c) 0.5 bar
d) 1.5 bar
8. What are the advantages of using hydrogen as the cooling medium in a generator? (5
marks)
• Low windage losses.
• Improved heat transfer coefficient.
• Hydrogen has excellent thermal conductivity.
• Using hydrogen as the coolant also reduces the possibility that corrosive acids
will form due to corona in the generator. With the use of air, and so oxygen, nitric
acid can form which will attack the insulation.
• With no oxygen being present the fire risk is eliminated.
• Gas tight enclosure ensures the no dust or air can get in.
• Quieter running
Please assign 1 mark for each correct answer above up to a maximum of 5 marks
9. What are the disadvantages of using hydrogen? (3 marks)
• Risk of explosion.
• A CO2 system has to be installed so that it can be used to displace the hydrogen in
the casing before the casing is opened for inspection or for maintenance.
• Additional plant is necessary. Seal oil to maintain a gas tight enclosure, hydrogen
coolers, cooling water pump, alarms and instrumentation
• Stator frame built to withstand pressure and possible explosion
Please assign 1 mark for each correct answer above up to a maximum of 3 marks
10. When purging the generator from hydrogen to CO2, where is the CO2 admitted and
why? (2 marks)
• CO2 is admitted in the bottom of the alternator because it is heavier than the H2
and will push the H2 up and out of the alternator
11. What pressure is the generator depressurised to during a de-gas, before purging to CO2
commences. Why is this pressure maintained during the purge process? (2 marks)
• The generator is depressurized to 0.5 Bar for a degass.
• This pressure is maintained during the purge process to ensure positive pressure
is maintained in the generator hence not allowing any air from outside to mix with
the gas in the generator.
12. What is the function of the electric generator heaters, and when are they turned on? (1
mark)
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8014 Written Assessment Marking Schedule.doc Genesis Energy 4
• The function of the generator electric heaters is to stop the formation of moisture
in the generator when the unit is shutdown.
13. Why is it important to maintain hydrogen purity? (1 mark)
• It is important to maintain hydrogen purity so that the hydrogen in the generator has
no change of entering its explosive range.
14. What is the function of the hydrogen dryer? (1 mark)
• The function of the hydrogen drier is to keep the hydrogen in the generator moisture
free. The reason for this is that if moisture is present in the hydrogen then insulation
and corrosion problems will occur in the generator windings.
15. What is the purpose of the lute on the side of the hydrogen dryer? (1 mark)
• The purpose of the lute on the side of the hydrogen dryer control cabinet is that it
acts as a water seal for the cabinet which is pressurised with air to stop the ingress
of any flammable gas.
16. Why is the auto hydrogen make-up system not normally used? (1 mark)
• The auto hydrogen system is not used because if the unit develops a leak the
amount of H2 being made up to the unit is not known and could go unnoticed.
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8014 Written Assessment Marking Schedule.doc Genesis Energy 5
17. Referring to the diagram of the seal oil system (Figure 1); (15 marks)
a) Discuss overall system function and operation.
b) Name all key components
(Use the encircled alphabetic reference callouts in your answer to refer to system
features)
Figure 1
A A.C. Seal Oil pump
B A.C. Seal Oil pump Pressure Control valve
C D.C. Seal Oil pump
D Seal Oil Loop Seal
E Backup supply from Lub Oil system
F Seal Oil Cooler
G Filters
H Bearing 7 hydrogen seal
J Bearing 8 hydrogen seal
K Generator
L Detraining Chamber
M Gas Trap
• Oil is drawn from the seal tank by the A.C. seal oil pump (A) and passed into the
system through non-return valve SO6. Pressure control valve SO52 (B) on the
outlet side of the pump maintains the discharge pressure at approx. 8.6 bar. The oil
then flows through isolating valve SO8, differential pressure throttle control valve
SO9, isolating valve SO14, the seal oil cooler (F) and is discharged through valve
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8014 Written Assessment Marking Schedule.doc Genesis Energy 6
SO15 into one of the two filters 'A' or 'B' (G), (service and standby), which are
situated downstream of the cooler. A relief valve SO27 operates as a bypass should
the pressure drop across the cooler and filter become excessive. From here the oil is
passed to the hydrogen seals (H, J).
• After passing through the hydrogen seals most of the oil discharges outwards from
the seals into separation chambers. This oil then flows through sight glasses and is
returned to the seal oil tank via a loop seal chamber (D) which is provided with a
vapour extractor that evacuates any gas entrained in the oil. Oil which discharges
inwards towards the hydrogen side of the seals is led through sight flow glasses into
the hydrogen detraining chambers (L). Hydrogen released from the oil in the
detraining chambers is returned to the stator casing.
• An internal drain line is led from the bottom of each detraining chamber through float
operated valves into the hydrogen gas trap (M) where any hydrogen left in the oil
vents to atmosphere. The oil then flows through the loop seal chamber (D) into the
seal oil tank.
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8014 Written Assessment Marking Schedule.doc Genesis Energy 7
18. Referring to the diagram of the Seal Oil Gas detraining chambers (Figure 2), briefly
describe its operation. (5 marks)
Figure 2
• A chamber is provided for each hydrogen seal. This serves as a vessel where any
hydrogen entrained in the oil, which has drained from the seal, is released and
returned to the generator stator casing.
• The oil level in this tank is normally controlled by the float. The pressure inside
the chamber (frame pressure) forces oil out to the gas trap as the level in the
chamber rises due to the continual drainage from the gas side returns of the
hydrogen seal. There is a back up to this float valve in the form of an air
operated, solenoid controlled by-pass valve which opens if the high level
mobrey switch is operated and will close when the low level mobrey switch is
operated. This prevents oil backing up into the frame in the event that the float valve
jams shut.
• The high and low mobrey switches also initiate high and low level alarms when
they are operated.
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8014 Written Assessment Marking Schedule.doc Genesis Energy 8
19. What is the purpose of the seal oil system? (1 mark)
• The purpose of the seal oil system is to provide oil to the generator hydrogen seals
in order to prevent any hydrogen escaping from the generator at a controlled
pressure and temperature under all operating conditions.
20. What does the oil flow from the seal sides tell you and why is it important. State the
implications of too little or too much flow in this sight glass. (4 marks)
• The flow of oil from the seal sides tells you how much seal oil is passing through
the seal to the hydrogen side of the generator.
• It is essential that the correct amount (3mm diameter trickle max) does flow past the
sight glass so that you can be sure the seal is operating correctly and that there is
also sufficient lubrication.
• If there is too little or no flow past the sight glass hydrogen may leak out and the
seal may begin to overheat. If this occurs first check that the seal oil to hydrogen
diff pressure is not low as this will put more hydrogen pressure on the seal and
reduce the flow of seal oil back into the hydrogen side of the seal.
• If there is too much seal oil flow past the sight glass the seals may be starting to
fail or have failed. Also an increase in the seal oil to hydrogen diff pressure will
cause more seal oil to pass to the hydrogen side of the seal.
21. Explain the seal oil back-up Oil supply and how it works. (2 marks)
• The seal oil back up supply is taken from the lubricating oil discharge of the shaft
driven oil pump. If the discharge pressure from the AC seal oil pump goes low (6.5
Bar) the back up supply control valve (SO28) opens supplying seal oil to the system.
22. When does the D.C. seal pump cut-in? (1 mark)
• The Seal Oil DC pump cuts in when selected to remote on the switch gear and auto
on the CCR panel, if the seal oil / H2 diff drops below 0.34 Bar
23. What are the implications of the D.C. seal oil pump running for an extended time? (2
marks)
• The implications of the DC seal oil pump running for an extended time are that when
the DC pump is running the seal oil is supplied directly from the pump to the seals by
passing the cooler and filters, this means the oil is not cooled or filtered which
could in turn overheat the seal or allow impurities to come in contact with the seal
faces.
24. Explain the importance of the differential between seal oil pressure and hydrogen
pressure. (1 mark)
• The important of the differential between the seal oil pressure and the hydrogen
pressure is that the seal oil pressure needs to be higher to stop any hydrogen
escaping from the generator.
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8014 Written Assessment Marking Schedule.doc Genesis Energy 9
25. What is the Stator Coolant normal flow? (1 mark)
a) 16.5 litre/minute
b) 18.6 lites/minute
c) 20 gallons/minute
d) 5 gallons/minute
26. What is the Stator Coolant flow value that will generate the alarm Stator Coolant Flow
Low? (1 mark)
a) 14.2 litres/minute
b) 14.2 gallons/minute
c) 16.1 litres/minute
d) 20 litres/minute
27. What is the Stator Coolant flow value that will start the standby pump? (1 mark)
a) 14.2 litres/minute
b) 14.2 gallons/minute
c) 16.1 litres/minute
d) 20 litres/minute
28. What is the trip associated with Stator Coolant flow? (1 mark)
a) 5.2 litres/minute
b) 16.2 gallons/minute
c) 8.1 litres/minute
d) 14.0 litres/minute
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8014 Written Assessment Marking Schedule.doc Genesis Energy 10
29. Referring to the diagram of the stator coolant system (Figure 3). (14 marks)
e) Discuss overall system function and operation
f) Name all key components
g) Describe in detail the function and purpose of all labeled equipment items.
(Use the encircled alphabetic reference callouts in your answer to refer to system
features)
Figure 3
A Coarse strainer
B Fine strainer
C Demineralisation plant
D Flow measurement
E Stator Coolant Head tank
F Supply from WTP
G Gas Alarm and Automatic release chamber
H Gas Detraining chamber
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8014 Written Assessment Marking Schedule.doc Genesis Energy 11
• The system is a closed circuit maintained under a constant static pressure by a
make-up header tank with an internal float operated valve. The header tank (E) is
supplied from the demineralised water system (F) through a strainer at the tank
inlet.
• Two 100% duty a.c. motor driven pumps’ service and standby are provided to
circulate the coolant around the system, via the stator coolant coolers and coolant
strainers, through the resistance columns at the exciter end of the casing to the
generator stator windings. Having passed through the stator windings the coolant is
discharged through the resistance columns at the turbine end of the casing to the
suction side of the pump via the gas detraining chamber.
• A branch pipe is provided in the line between the stator coolant coolers and the
coolant strainers to enable approximately 3% of the flow to be passed through the
demineralisation plant (C), which maintains purity of the coolant.
• Equipment is provided to indicate the presence of gas in the system and to allow it to
be released via the gas alarm and automatic release chamber (G).
• Gas release pipes are run from various parts of the system to the connecting pipe
between the gas detraining chamber and the gas alarm and automatic release
chamber. Any gas entrained in the coolant which passes through the gas
detraining chamber (H) is released into the gas alarm and automatic release
chamber. The gas is then automatically discharged from the release chamber
through a solenoid operated valve and an orifice into a hydrogen trap. From the
hydrogen trap the gas is vented to atmosphere.
• Three flow transmitters are fitted in the outlet pipework at the turbine end of the
stator winding. These transmitters are set to sequentially start the stator coolant
pumps. Further contacts are provided to initiate a unit trip on coolant flow failure
and a 'Coolant Flow Failure' alarm. To prevent the flow transmitters causing a unit
trip in the event of one becoming unserviceable, two out of the three transmitters
must register low flow before the tripping sequence is initiated.
30. What types of coolers are used on the stator coolant? (1 mark)
• The types of cooler used on the stator system are 100% capacity plate type heat
exchangers.
31. Identify which strainers can be bypassed and for what reason. (1 mark)
• The strainer that can be bypassed is the fine strainer so that it can be cleaned with
the plant in service.
32. Explain why the stator coolant system operates at a slightly lower pressure than the
hydrogen system. (1 mark)
• The Stator coolant system operates at a slightly lower pressure than the hydrogen
system so that in the event of a leak in the system the hydrogen would leak into
the stator coolant.
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8014 Written Assessment Marking Schedule.doc Genesis Energy 12
33. Referring to the diagram of the Stator Coolant gas release chamber (Figure 4), describe
operation including alarms and operating timers by completing the sentences provided.
(6 marks)
Figure 4
The Gas Release Chamber has three mobrey float switches which are operated as the
stator coolant level lowers (due to gas collecting). The mobreys control the automatic
gas release and initiate alarms as follows.
When the top level switch is operated a 20 minute timer is started.
As level continues to drop due to the gas leak, one of two situations will occur.
Either
a) The timer times out before middle float switch is reached in which case the gas
will be released and a gas in coolant alarm initiated
b) Or if middle float is reached within the timer period and gas in coolant and gas in
coolant excessive alarms will be initiated and gas will be released. (If the "gas in
coolant excessive" alarm is initiated it means that more than 50m³/24 hours is
leaking and an inspection should be carried out).
If the bottom Mobrey switch is operated then the Gas in coolant alarm inoperative will
be initiated which means either:-
a) The solenoid valve has not opened.
b) Or the gas leakage is too much for the solenoid valve to cope with.
The solenoid valve shuts when the level rises above the top Mobrey switch.
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8014 Written Assessment Marking Schedule.doc Genesis Energy 13
34. Explain the implications of the following alarms:-
a) Stator coolant conductivity High (1 mark)
• Because the stator coolant comes in contact with the electrical connects in the
generator the water must be pure so that it dos not conduct electricity. Alarm 600
µs/m and generator unloaded if 1000 µs/m
b) Gas in coolant (1 mark)
• Means the system has a small leak and should be monitored
c) Gas in coolant excessive (1 mark)
• Means the system has a leak of 50 cubic metres / 24 hours and inspection should be
carried out.
d) Gas in coolant alarm inoperative (1 mark)
• Leak is too much for the gas release chamber to cope with.
e) Stator coolant make-up tank level low. (1 mark)
• The tank has a low level and if not topped up the system will not maintain its head
causing loss of coolant to the system (system has a leak.)
35. What unit trip is associated with the stator coolant make-up tank? (1 mark)
• The unit trip associated with the stator coolant make up tank is a high level trip on
the tank.
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8014 Written Assessment Marking Schedule.doc Genesis Energy 14
36. Referring to the diagram of the Generator Demin system (Figure 5); (13 marks)
a) Discuss overall system function and operation
b) Name all key components
c) Describe the function and purpose of all labeled equipment items.
(Use the encircled alphabetic reference callouts in your answer to refer to system
features)
Figure 5
A Demineralised Water Pumps
B Demineralised Water cooler
C Seal Oil Cooler
D Stator Coolant coolers
E Hydrogen dryer reactivation cooler
F Inlet manifold or waterbox
G Outlet manifold or waterbox
H Demin head tank
J Makeup from WTP
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8014 Written Assessment Marking Schedule.doc Genesis Energy 15
• The Demin water system is a closed circuit cooling water circuit which operates
under a static head pressure provided by the demin water make-up/head tank (H).
• Demineralised water from the water treatment plant (J) and 1000ton tank common
discharge supplies the make-up water to the demin make-up tank. The outlet from
the make-up tank connects to the system at the demin pumps inlet.
• Water is discharged from the i/s pump through a NRV and discharge valve to the i/s
cooler (B).
• From the cooler’s common discharge pipe the demin water travels in parallel paths;
through the seal oil cooler (C), through the i/s stator coolant cooler (D), through the
hydrogen dryer reactivation cooler (E), and through the four hydrogen coolers via the
hydrogen coolers’ inlet (F) and outlet (G) manifolds.
• The seal oil cooler, the stator coolant coolers and the demin coolers all have a
bypass control valve for their systems temperature control. The four parallel
paths meet back up at the demin pump’s suction pipe.
37. Where does the make-up to demin system come from? (1 mark)
• The make up for the demin system comes from the RFW (WTP) system
38. Explain how the make-up tank level is controlled (1 mark)
• The level in the make up tank is controlled by a ball cock on the tank inlet.