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1. Test Automation Framework
Overview and Strategy
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2. Contents

Software Framework

The Easy Way

The Better Way
- Introduction
- PageObject Pattern

Automation Framework Approaches
- Data/Table Driven Framework
- Keyword Driven Framework
- Hybrid Framework
- Generic Architecture

Guidelines and Lessons Learnt
- Test Organization
- Test Writing Style
- Browser Updates
2

3. Software Framework
What is a software framework?
3

4. Software Framework
The definition and key components
 A software framework is a universal, reusable software platform used to develop
applications, products and solutions.
 Software Frameworks include,
 Support Programs
 Compilers
 Code Libraries
 APIs
 A tool set to integrate different components
4

5. Software Framework
Framework properties
 A Software framework contain key distinguishing features that separate them from
normal libraries.
 They are,
 Inversion of Control (IOC) the overall program's flow of control is not
dictated by the caller, but by the framework.
 Default behaviour must actually be some useful behavior and not a
series of instructions.
 Extensibility can be extended by the user usually by selective overriding
or specialized by user code providing specific functionality.
 Non modifiable framework code is not allowed to be modified.
5

6. The Easy Way
What is the easy way to automate?
6

7. The easy way - Records all user
activities and play back
 Typically a software testing suite will allow the
tester to use the SUT as a user would, through the
browser.
 In the background the testing suite records all of
the clicks and key presses and discards any context.
 Later, the recorded events are played back and
various assertions are made to ensure the output
matches that which is expected.
7

8. The easy way Pros and Cons
Pros
Easy and does not required highly skilled software developers
Large portions of the application can be covered quickly
Cons
Small changes to the SUT cause massive disruption in the tests
Entire suites of tests can be rendered useless resulting in reduce
testing coverage for extended periods of time
Test maintenance becomes hard
 Tests begin to stagnate
 Team confidence, in the tests, is reduced.
8

9. The Better Way
What could be a better way of
automating?
9

10. The better way
Introduction
 Treat automated testing as software development.
 Tests should be created with the same concern for software
design principles such as,
 Reduced coupling
 High cohesion
 Proper separation of concerns
 Maintainability
 Reusability
10

11. The better way
PageObject class
11

12. The better way
Dos and Don’ts
 In PageObjects,
 The public methods represent the services that the page offers
 Try not to expose the internals of the page
 Generally don't make assertions
 Methods return other PageObjects
 Need not represent an entire page
 Different results for the same action are modeled as different
methods
12

13. The better way
Pros and Cons
Pros
 Selenium WebDriver supports
 Increased maintainability
 Increase test stability
 Readable tests
 Tests are easy to author
Cons
 Larger up-front cost for creating PageObjects
 More skill is required to create PageObjects
13

14. Automation Framework Approaches
What are the available automation
frameworks?
14

15. Automation FrameworkApproaches
Data/Table Driven Framework
 Data driven is the design of possible inputs what may given by the end user. This would cover maximum
probabilities of an input data. It can be a spread sheet or a DB. We have to connect and pass the values
to the respective field or element.
 Take advantage of tester’s familiarity with test case creation using tables and matrices
 Accommodate localization projects
 Recognize the importance of patterns in test cases
 Enable testers to catalog test cases with Excel spreadsheets
 Enable testers to specify expected results in spreadsheets
15

16. Automation Framework Approaches
Data/Table Driven Framework
16

17. Automation FrameworkApproaches
Keyword Driven Framework
 Keyword driven framework is an action based test method used in planning and implementation of
automation.
17

18. Automation FrameworkApproaches
Hybrid Framework
 A mix of Data driven and Keyword driven frameworks.
18

19. Automation FrameworkApproaches
Generic Architecture
 A Test Automation Framework should have a multi-tiered
architecture. It should consists of the following tiers.
 Engine Components in this tier are completely
responsible for interacting with the WebDriver
interfaces.
 Domain This tier is meant to contain only page
objects that work against the engine.
 Utils This tier is meant to contain very generic,
reusable functionality across all the other tiers.
 Functional Tests This tier will contain tests that are
built on top of MSTest to create actual test
scenarios by using page objects in the Domain.
19
Test Automation FrameworkTest Automation Framework
(MSTest) Test Execution Engine(MSTest) Test Execution Engine
Functional TestsFunctional Tests
Domain
Engine
UtilsUtils
Selenium Web Driver APISelenium Web Driver API

20. Guidelines and Lessons Learnt
Some important points to keep in
mind
20

21. Automation Framework Approaches
Guidelines for Automation framework design
• Selection of a framework
• Don’t reinvent the wheel - Make use of Selenium WebDriver functionalities
• Reusability
• Support of different application versions
• Support of script versioning
• Different environment for development and production
• Externally Configurable
• Minimal changes required for any object changes
• Execution - Individual, batch, only failed etc
• Status monitoring , Reporting
• Minimum dependency on Automation tool for changes
21

22. Automation Framework
ApproachesGuidelines for Automation
framework design
• Easy debugging
• Logging - Errors, warnings, etc
• Easy to Use
• Flexible - Should not impact existing test if changes are required
• Performance impacts
• Coding Standards
22

23. Functional test organization
Physical file organization
 Test script files (.cs files) are organized into a
folder structure much similar to the web
application’s page structure.
 Reasons to select this approach:
 Easy access to tests
 Testing a section of the application is easy
23

24. Functional test organization
Test class naming convention
 Test class name should start with the containing
folder name.
 Reasons to select this approach:
 Easy to group tests based on test class
 Testing a section of the application is easy
24

25. Functional test writing style Behavior
Driven Development Style Tests
 It is important to be able to break down a test
scenario into the components of a behavior
driven test to ensure clarity. Very concisely the
test writer should be able to dictate a test
scenario as:
 Given <a precondition>
 When <an action takes place>
 Then <expected outcome should be present>
25

26. Functional test writing style
Behavior Driven Development Style
Tests
26

27. Functional test writing style
Behavior Driven Development Style Tests
 Reasons for selecting this approach:
 This style of test writing allows for a test case to
be easily verbalized and comparable to the
system requirements being validated.
 Since this effort is heavily focused on UI
automation, it makes sense to capture test cases
dictating every behavior of the system and the
user.
27

28. Browser Upgrades What if the browser
upgrades automatically?
− Have a portable version of the browser
− Package it with your framework
− Starts when the test suite starts
28

29. Summary
− Automation should be considered as
a development project and not just
record and playback of events.
Starting automated testing with a
good framework ensures low
maintenance. Guidelines discussed in
this paper can be used as input for
developing requirements for a
framework.
29

30. Thank You
30