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Tense Shift


 Do I use the
                               Or do I need
present tense
                                 the past
  to maintain
                              tense instead?
consistency?
This presentation
 covers recognizing
appropriate verb
tenses for a given
  time frame or
     context.
A tense shift item on an
objective test might look
like this . . .
Sample Item

When King was a puppy, he chewed toys
            was a puppy, he chewed toys
              A
and furniture. Now that he is an adult, he
                           is an adult, he
                            B
wants to chew the mail carrier most of all.
wanted to chew the mail carrier most of all.
wantedto chew the mail carrier most of all.
  C
  C
                      Wanted should
                        Is present
                        be was, is, or
A.is                      tense, a
                       wanted in the
B.was                    wrong tense?
                      correction option
C.wants
C.wants                   C makes.
D.No change is necessary.
Use present/present perfect tense to
indicate current/regular action.

Present tense: verb + s = singular; verb + Ø =
plural.
Present perfect tense: has or have + past
participle
   Jeffrey goes to the gym six days a week where he
   has gained not only muscle but also discipline.

               I have gained
                 attention from
                  women too!
Use past perfect to indicate a past
 action that occurred before another

Past tense: regular = verb + ed; irregular forms
vary.
Past perfect tense: had + past participle
  Jeffrey had lifted free weights for over an hour
  before someone mentioned the rip in his
  shorts.
                                          It’s a good
                                         thing I have
                                              cute
                                            glutes.
Use progressive tenses to indicate
 an ongoing action that occurs as
 another action happens.


Progressive tenses: form of be + verb + ing

  Jeffrey was showing off when he tore a muscle
  in his shoulder.




                                      Ouch!
When logic permits, you can mix past/
present tenses with future.

Because he went to the gym today, Jeffrey will
reward himself with a triple bacon cheeseburger for
lunch. After he weighs himself tomorrow, he will
regret the poor food choice.



   Because I ate
 badly, I will have
to do more crunches
     at the gym.
Could/would = past tense of can/
will.

Jeffrey thought he would have enough energyhis his
 Jeffrey thought he will have enough energy for for
workout, but skipping breakfast meant that he could not
 workout, but skipping breakfast meant that he cannot
 complete his training.
complete his training.




         You would
        have had the
           same
          problem!
Quick Test

Directions: In the items that follow, choose
the option that corrects an error in the
underlined portion(s). If no error exists, choose
“No change is necessary.”



             You think you’re
            tough? Show me
              your tense
               strength.
Item 1
Aunt Lillian had frozen four quarts of her
             had frozen four quarts of her
                  A
homegrown strawberries, but she lost them after
                                   lost them after
                                     B
the hurricane was knockingpower for eight eight
               knocked out out power for eight
               was knocking out power for
                   C C
days.

A.froze
B.had lost
C.knocked
C.knocked
D.No change is necessary.
Item 2

Because Sammy had been eating all of the
                  had been eating all of the
chocolate mint ice cream before she got home,
Roxanne whacked him over the head.

A.ate
B.was eating
C.had eaten
C.had eaten
D.No change is necessary.
Item 3

Carlos pawed at his hair and shook his head, but
        pawed at his hair and shook his head, but
           A                    B
he cannotdislodge the the giant spider tangled in
   could not dislodge giant spider tangled in
   cannot dislodge the giant spider tangled in
      CC
his curls.

A.was pawing
B.was shaking
C.could not
C.could not
D.No change is necessary.
Item 4

Grandpa planted a backyard garden, hoping that it
was helping with the high cost of food.
was helping with the high cost of food.

A.will help
B.would help
B.would help
C.helped
D.No change is necessary.
Item 5

When Gretchen was a freshman, she wanted to
                 was a freshman, she wanted to
                   A                          B
major in biology, but after her first rat dissection,

she couldn’tchange her major fast enough.
    couldn’t change her major fast enough.
       C

A.had been
B.was wanting
C.cannot
D.No change is necessary.
     change is necessary.
Item 6

Everyone is sleeping soundly when Brendan
            is sleeping soundly when Brendan
dropped the glass pitcher of lemonade on the stone
tiles of the kitchen floor.

A.had been sleeping
A.had been sleeping
B.slept
C.would sleep
D.No change is necessary.
Item 7
Ancient Egyptians spent their entire lives preparing
                    spent their entire lives preparing
                      A
for their death and burial. Today, however, people

think that such such arrangements are morbid
are thinking thatarrangements are morbid morbid
    thinking that such arrangements are
  B B                          C     C
and impolite to discuss.

A.were spending
B.think
B.think
C.would be
D.No change is necessary.
Item 8

When Felicia saw the turtle trying to cross the busy
road, she leaped out of her car and had carried
                                       had carried
the reptile to safety at the other side.

A.was carrying
B.carried
B.carried
C.will carry
D.No change is necessary.
Item 9
George Washington believedthat he was invincible
                      believed that he was invincible
                          A
in battle. He rode a conspicuous white horse that
              rode a conspicuous white horse that
                B
made him an easy target, yet no bullet had hit him,
                                          hit him, him,
                                          had hit
                                            CC
validating his conviction of invulnerability.

A.had believed
B.was riding
C.hit
C.hit
D.No change is necessary.
Item 10

We wouldhave bite marks on our ankles and
    would have bite marks on our ankles and
scratches on our thighs ever since adopting
Nelson, our feisty kitten.

A.had
B.have
B.have
C.will have
D.No change is necessary.
The End.

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Tense Shift

  • 1. Tense Shift Do I use the Or do I need present tense the past to maintain tense instead? consistency?
  • 2. This presentation covers recognizing appropriate verb tenses for a given time frame or context.
  • 3. A tense shift item on an objective test might look like this . . .
  • 4. Sample Item When King was a puppy, he chewed toys was a puppy, he chewed toys A and furniture. Now that he is an adult, he is an adult, he B wants to chew the mail carrier most of all. wanted to chew the mail carrier most of all. wantedto chew the mail carrier most of all. C C Wanted should Is present be was, is, or A.is tense, a wanted in the B.was wrong tense? correction option C.wants C.wants C makes. D.No change is necessary.
  • 5. Use present/present perfect tense to indicate current/regular action. Present tense: verb + s = singular; verb + Ø = plural. Present perfect tense: has or have + past participle Jeffrey goes to the gym six days a week where he has gained not only muscle but also discipline. I have gained attention from women too!
  • 6. Use past perfect to indicate a past action that occurred before another Past tense: regular = verb + ed; irregular forms vary. Past perfect tense: had + past participle Jeffrey had lifted free weights for over an hour before someone mentioned the rip in his shorts. It’s a good thing I have cute glutes.
  • 7. Use progressive tenses to indicate an ongoing action that occurs as another action happens. Progressive tenses: form of be + verb + ing Jeffrey was showing off when he tore a muscle in his shoulder. Ouch!
  • 8. When logic permits, you can mix past/ present tenses with future. Because he went to the gym today, Jeffrey will reward himself with a triple bacon cheeseburger for lunch. After he weighs himself tomorrow, he will regret the poor food choice. Because I ate badly, I will have to do more crunches at the gym.
  • 9. Could/would = past tense of can/ will. Jeffrey thought he would have enough energyhis his Jeffrey thought he will have enough energy for for workout, but skipping breakfast meant that he could not workout, but skipping breakfast meant that he cannot complete his training. complete his training. You would have had the same problem!
  • 10. Quick Test Directions: In the items that follow, choose the option that corrects an error in the underlined portion(s). If no error exists, choose “No change is necessary.” You think you’re tough? Show me your tense strength.
  • 11. Item 1 Aunt Lillian had frozen four quarts of her had frozen four quarts of her A homegrown strawberries, but she lost them after lost them after B the hurricane was knockingpower for eight eight knocked out out power for eight was knocking out power for C C days. A.froze B.had lost C.knocked C.knocked D.No change is necessary.
  • 12. Item 2 Because Sammy had been eating all of the had been eating all of the chocolate mint ice cream before she got home, Roxanne whacked him over the head. A.ate B.was eating C.had eaten C.had eaten D.No change is necessary.
  • 13. Item 3 Carlos pawed at his hair and shook his head, but pawed at his hair and shook his head, but A B he cannotdislodge the the giant spider tangled in could not dislodge giant spider tangled in cannot dislodge the giant spider tangled in CC his curls. A.was pawing B.was shaking C.could not C.could not D.No change is necessary.
  • 14. Item 4 Grandpa planted a backyard garden, hoping that it was helping with the high cost of food. was helping with the high cost of food. A.will help B.would help B.would help C.helped D.No change is necessary.
  • 15. Item 5 When Gretchen was a freshman, she wanted to was a freshman, she wanted to A B major in biology, but after her first rat dissection, she couldn’tchange her major fast enough. couldn’t change her major fast enough. C A.had been B.was wanting C.cannot D.No change is necessary. change is necessary.
  • 16. Item 6 Everyone is sleeping soundly when Brendan is sleeping soundly when Brendan dropped the glass pitcher of lemonade on the stone tiles of the kitchen floor. A.had been sleeping A.had been sleeping B.slept C.would sleep D.No change is necessary.
  • 17. Item 7 Ancient Egyptians spent their entire lives preparing spent their entire lives preparing A for their death and burial. Today, however, people think that such such arrangements are morbid are thinking thatarrangements are morbid morbid thinking that such arrangements are B B C C and impolite to discuss. A.were spending B.think B.think C.would be D.No change is necessary.
  • 18. Item 8 When Felicia saw the turtle trying to cross the busy road, she leaped out of her car and had carried had carried the reptile to safety at the other side. A.was carrying B.carried B.carried C.will carry D.No change is necessary.
  • 19. Item 9 George Washington believedthat he was invincible believed that he was invincible A in battle. He rode a conspicuous white horse that rode a conspicuous white horse that B made him an easy target, yet no bullet had hit him, hit him, him, had hit CC validating his conviction of invulnerability. A.had believed B.was riding C.hit C.hit D.No change is necessary.
  • 20. Item 10 We wouldhave bite marks on our ankles and would have bite marks on our ankles and scratches on our thighs ever since adopting Nelson, our feisty kitten. A.had B.have B.have C.will have D.No change is necessary.