RORY SUTHERLAND
Vice Chairman of Ogilvy Group
Back to the Boardroom
Har dagens marknadschef förlorat sitt inflytande? De ofattbara tekniska framsteg som gjorts har inte matchats av motsvarande förbättringar av vår förståelse av mänskligt beteende eller av de påverkansmodeller som marknadsförare använder. Om hur marknadsförare ska återta makten, genom ny vetenskap och ökad förståelse för hur beteenden påverkar ekonomiska beslut. Sutherland har rankats nr 22 på the Guardians lista över världens 100 mest inflytelserika människor inom media, marknadsföring och PR.
“Simon Sinek is an unshakable optimist. He believes in a bright future and our ability to build it together.” In this course we will be introduced to his idea of “The Golden Circle” helping individuals and organizations “find their why”. Sinek envisions a world “where people wake up every day inspired to go to work, feel safe while they are there, and return home at the end of the day feeling fulfilled by the work they do, feeling that they have contributed to something greater than themselves.” This course will get your juices flowing so you are inspired and enhance your ability to inspire others.
A collection of quotes from author, motivational speaker best known for popularizing the concept of "the golden circle" and to "Start With Why", described by TED as "a simple but powerful model for inspirational leadership, Simon Sinek.
“Simon Sinek is an unshakable optimist. He believes in a bright future and our ability to build it together.” In this course we will be introduced to his idea of “The Golden Circle” helping individuals and organizations “find their why”. Sinek envisions a world “where people wake up every day inspired to go to work, feel safe while they are there, and return home at the end of the day feeling fulfilled by the work they do, feeling that they have contributed to something greater than themselves.” This course will get your juices flowing so you are inspired and enhance your ability to inspire others.
A collection of quotes from author, motivational speaker best known for popularizing the concept of "the golden circle" and to "Start With Why", described by TED as "a simple but powerful model for inspirational leadership, Simon Sinek.
Om företags visioner och Nordnets resa från Internetmäklare till
Nordens ledande bank inom sparande. Vikten av att sätta upp tydliga
och enkla visioner i allt innovationsarbete. Och om tro på förändring
i den beryktade trögrörligheten på finansmarknaden.
Tendensdagen 2011 Susanne Moland - Igår, idag, imorgon- Varför är det så svår...Sveriges Marknadsförbund
SUSANNE MOLAND
Head of Consumer Research, Synovate Sweden
Igår, idag, imorgon- Varför är det så svårt att sia om framtiden?
Konsumenternas alltmer föränderliga beteende ställer krav på en högre innovationstakt och konstant produktutveckling. Utbudsexplosion och tillgänglighet 24/7 utmanar och att hålla koll på trender och omvärld är idag affärskritiskt. Consumer Insights har hittills omfattat historik och nutid. Men har vi verktygen och kunskapen för att analysera morgondagen?
Bilden i såväl marknadsföringslitteratur som bland många beslutsfattare är att distributionsbeslut primärt handlar om att styra ett flöde av varor och tjänster på ett mer kostnadseffektivt sätt än konkurrenterna. Under denna frukost är utgångspunkten istället att distribution har blivit så integrerat i erbjudandet att det är svårt att isolera från produkten och varumärket.
Företag som känner till detta samband arbetar inte slentrianmässigt med sin distribution utan förstår dess strategiska betydelse för framgång i en alltmer konkurrensintensiv och mättad marknad där konsumenter är krävande, emotionellt styrda och generellt trötta på företags marknadskommunikation. Genom studier av svenska och internationella företag och varumärken som Stiga, Fenix Outdoor, Svenssons i Lammhult, Nike, Samsung och Starbucks exemplifieras och fördjupas förståelsen för distributionens betydelse.
Tim Wragg, CEO Millward Brown Europe.
Ideals – the ultimate growth driver.
Idag är det viktigare än någonsin att skapa äkta och meningsfulla relationer till sina kunder. Forskning visar att företag som bygger djupare relationer till sina kunder och associeras med högre ideal och mänskliga värderingar också har den största finansiella tillväxten. Om vikten av att skapa mervärde och gå från produkt till syfte, från vad till varför.
Tendensdagen 2011 Donna Sturgess - Marketing is broken - the answer is deeper. Sveriges Marknadsförbund
Traditional marketing is broken with marketers focusing on testing the consumer’s conscious reactions to brands with surveys and focus groups. Instead, to achieve better marketing we need better insights that go deeper than the traditional methods. How testing the non-conscious and measuring a consumer’s relationship with a brand is a much more effective way to approach marketing, and with neuromarketing the tools to achieve these deeper insights are now available.
Making Decisions in a World Awash in Data: We’re going to need a different bo...Micah Altman
In his abstract, Scriffignano summarizes as follows:
l explore some of the ways in which the massive availability of data is changing and the types of questions we must ask in the context of making business decisions. Truth be told, nearly all organizations struggle to make sense out of the mounting data already within the enterprise. At the same time, businesses, individuals, and governments continue to try to outpace one another, often in ways that are informed by newly-available data and technology, but just as often using that data and technology in alarmingly inappropriate or incomplete ways. Multiple “solutions” exist to take data that is poorly understood, promising to derive meaning that is often transient at best. A tremendous amount of “dark” innovation continues in the space of fraud and other bad behavior (e.g. cyber crime, cyber terrorism), highlighting that there are very real risks to taking a fast-follower strategy in making sense out of the ever-increasing amount of data available. Tools and technologies can be very helpful or, as Scriffignano puts it, “they can accelerate the speed with which we hit the wall.” Drawing on unstructured, highly dynamic sources of data, fascinating inference can be derived if we ask the right questions (and maybe use a bit of different math!). This session will cover three main themes: The new normal (how the data around us continues to change), how are we reacting (bringing data science into the room), and the path ahead (creating a mindset in the organization that evolves). Ultimately, what we learn is governed as much by the data available as by the questions we ask. This talk, both relevant and occasionally irreverent, will explore some of the new ways data is being used to expose risk and opportunity and the skills we need to take advantage of a world awash in data.
Our changing world: Four trends set to impact how we lead in the future. A presentation by Futurist Adam Jorlen for the Holos Group Real Leadership Program in Melbourne, Australia July 2012.
Discussion Questions Chapter 31. Is profit the only important.docxelinoraudley582231
Discussion Questions:
Chapter 3
1. Is profit the only important goal of a business? What are others?
2. Stockholders are only one group of stakeholders. Who are the stakeholders important to me inside the organization?
3. Who are stakeholders important to me outside the organization?
4. What does the successful manager need to know about ethics and values?
5. Is being socially responsible really necessary?
6. How can I trust a company is doing the right thing?
Chapter 4
7. What three important developments of globalization will probably affect me?
8. Why learn about international management, and what characterizes the successful international manager?
9. Why do companies expand internationally, and how do they do it?
10. What are the principal areas of cultural differences?
Research at least three (3) peer-reviewed articles about individual rights, morality, ethics, individual rights, duty, or codes of conduct for criminal justice professionals.
Write a three to five (3-5) page paper
1. Thoroughly created a philosophy and approach for balancing the issues of individual rights and the public’s protection. Thoroughly provided one to two (1 to 2) examples illustrating how you will use this philosophy in your own career.
2. Thoroughly determined a philosophy and approach for balancing the use of reward and punishment in criminal justice. Thoroughly provided one to two (1 to 2) examples illustrating how you will use this philosophy in your own career.
3. Thoroughly selected a philosophy and approach that addresses the use of immoral means (e.g., torture or lying in interrogation) to accomplish desirable ends. Thoroughly provided one to two (1 to 2) examples illustrating how you will use this philosophy in your own career.
4. Thoroughly explained what you believe the Ethics of Care and Peacemaking Criminology presented in your textbook should mean for law enforcement professionals.
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA format (latest edition).
Include a cover page developed in accordance with the latest edition of APA, including a running head, page number, the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page, revision of the previous assignment, and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
3.2
The Community of Stakeholders Inside the Organization
Major Question: Stockholders are only one group of stakeholders. Who are the stakeholders important to me inside the organization?
3.3
The Community of Stakeholders Outside the Organization
Major Question: Who are stakeholders important to me outside the organization?
3.4
The Ethical Responsibilities Required of You as a Manager
Major Question: What does the successful manager need to know about ethics and values?
3.5
The Social Responsibilities Required of You as a Manager
Major Question: Is.
Defining and Harnessing Plurality of Thought for the Digital AgeCognizant
Beyond and different from physical identity diversity, it is plurality of thought that must be cultivated and promoted within today's far-sighted organizations. We offer an analysis and roadmap for instilling plurality of thought on the individual, team and corporate levels.
Criteria for a great marketing book: ideas from psychology, behavioral economics, marketing, advertising, and business about how to influence behavior and buying patterns at the edges of bounded rationality
Leveraging Human experience into Customer experience
That Was Then This Is Now Essay. ENGLISH CORNER : WRITING. THEN and NOW articleAshley Smith
That Was Then, This Is Now by S. E. Hinton Plot Summary | LitCharts. That Was Then, This is Now-Full Book Activities | Book activities .... ⇉If Only I Knew Then What I Know Now Narrative Essay Essay Example .... Then and Now: A photo essay by Consolidated Publishing Co. - Issuu. What I Know Now That I Wish I Knew Then - Honorable Mention, 14th .... ⇉Narrative about something that happened to you Essay Example | GraduateWay. Before you Write an Essay... Essay Writing 5 - YouTube. Revision History For the Essay - REVISION HISTORY I did not expect my .... Sample narrative essay. That Was Then, This Is Now – Chapter 2: Writing Prompts. Television: Then and Now Essay Example | StudyHippo.com.
This presentation was delivered on April 29th 2014 to an audience of financial services organizations at the Foreign Correspondents' Club of Hong Kong. It outlines why the financial services sector has been a social media late-bloomer, how it can get with the digital program, and things to think about in the design of their social business (as viewed through the prism of marketing communications).
Page 1 of 31
10/1/2016
5
Cultivating a Global Mindset
I define globalization as sourcing capital from where it is cheapest, sourcing talent
from where it is best available, producing where it is most cost effective and selling
where the markets are without being constrained by national boundaries.
—N. R. Narayana Murthy, Chairman,
Infosys Technologies
1
There are no German or American companies.
There are only successful or unsuccessful companies.
—Thomas Middlehoff, Chairman ( 1998-2002),
—Bertelsmann AG
2
Individuals differ in how they sense and interpret the world around them. So do
organizations. And these differences matter. They matter because it is how we perceive
our environment as well as ourselves that determines which of the multitude of
opportunities and problems we go after and how we do so.
3
Consider, for example, this
seemingly simple question: “What is Marriott’s market share in the lodging business?”
The answer, or answers, would depend on your perception of the company’s relevant
opportunity space: the North American hotel market, the global hotel market, or the
global lodging market including not only hotels but also other forms of lodging, such
as apartments, college dormitories, and even prisons.
As part of our ongoing research on the global corporation, we posed the following
question to the CEO of one of the world’s largest
pharmaceutical corporations: “What are the three things that might keep you awake at
night?” His response: “First, people development. Second, setting business priorities
to make sure that the short term doesn’t drive out the long term. And, third, setting
the tone for creating a global mindset.” Although their words may differ, other CEOs
and senior executives echo this viewpoint.
Page 2 of 31
10/1/2016
Any company that wants to emerge as the global leader in its industry has to lead in
three tasks: discovering new market opportunities, establishing presence in key
markets, and converting such presence into global competitive advantage. How does
one do that in today’s environment? Rooted in the premise that managers pursue only
those market and resource opportunities that they discern, we would contend that a
deeply embedded global mindset is a prerequisite for global industry dominance. As
Sam Palmisano, CEO of IBM Corporation, observed:
Today, for the first time in human history, everything is connected. There are a
billion people and hundreds of millions of businesses on the World Wide Web. And,
the Web has emerged as much more than a connectivity medium. It has become a
global platform of work Think back to how we at IBM historically developed leaders
all over the world. That model worked well if you put most of your global mission in
the ‘home country’—in our case the U.S.—and installed strong local leaders heading
up local country organizations. In other words, management was still largely
defined by national .
Creative director LBI Digital
As Chief Creative Officer at DigitasLBi International, Chris Clarke is responsible for the creative output of the network and its creative staff. Chris loves to stay close to the work, developing creative ideas with teams across the network for clients including Coca Cola, Sony Xperia and Etihad. Believability is his creative religion: he is permanently on a mission to bridge the gap between promise and proof for DigitasLBi’s clients, helping them to be true to the principles they espouse.
Like most people who’ve been doing this for a while, Chris stumbled into the digital industry in the late 90s. As a copywriter, he made it his mission to bring the craft of ideas to digital marketing, an ambition realised at pioneering Swedish digital advertising agency Abel & Baker and later at Wheel where he became Executive Creative Director. He was subsequently European Executive Creative Director at Modem Media, President and Executive Creative Director of Digitas UK and Chief Creative Officer of LBi.
Over the years, Chris has become a regular on the speaking circuit and has picked up awards at Cannes, D&AD, LIA, Campaign Digital, Campaign Direct, Revolution, BIMA and the Webbys.
Talk:
For years the internet has been touted as an almost universal force for good. We hear of the “democratising” nature of a platform dedicated to openness and transparency. We have come to see the web as a place where ‘The Consumer is in Control”, and where information wants to be free. In this session, Chris will explore the darker side of the digital revolution, looking at the “winner takes all” business models, and downward pressure on quality caused by ad funded content. By understanding the dark side of the digital revolution, you will be better prepared to help your organisation stay relevant and fit for the digital future.
Om företags visioner och Nordnets resa från Internetmäklare till
Nordens ledande bank inom sparande. Vikten av att sätta upp tydliga
och enkla visioner i allt innovationsarbete. Och om tro på förändring
i den beryktade trögrörligheten på finansmarknaden.
Tendensdagen 2011 Susanne Moland - Igår, idag, imorgon- Varför är det så svår...Sveriges Marknadsförbund
SUSANNE MOLAND
Head of Consumer Research, Synovate Sweden
Igår, idag, imorgon- Varför är det så svårt att sia om framtiden?
Konsumenternas alltmer föränderliga beteende ställer krav på en högre innovationstakt och konstant produktutveckling. Utbudsexplosion och tillgänglighet 24/7 utmanar och att hålla koll på trender och omvärld är idag affärskritiskt. Consumer Insights har hittills omfattat historik och nutid. Men har vi verktygen och kunskapen för att analysera morgondagen?
Bilden i såväl marknadsföringslitteratur som bland många beslutsfattare är att distributionsbeslut primärt handlar om att styra ett flöde av varor och tjänster på ett mer kostnadseffektivt sätt än konkurrenterna. Under denna frukost är utgångspunkten istället att distribution har blivit så integrerat i erbjudandet att det är svårt att isolera från produkten och varumärket.
Företag som känner till detta samband arbetar inte slentrianmässigt med sin distribution utan förstår dess strategiska betydelse för framgång i en alltmer konkurrensintensiv och mättad marknad där konsumenter är krävande, emotionellt styrda och generellt trötta på företags marknadskommunikation. Genom studier av svenska och internationella företag och varumärken som Stiga, Fenix Outdoor, Svenssons i Lammhult, Nike, Samsung och Starbucks exemplifieras och fördjupas förståelsen för distributionens betydelse.
Tim Wragg, CEO Millward Brown Europe.
Ideals – the ultimate growth driver.
Idag är det viktigare än någonsin att skapa äkta och meningsfulla relationer till sina kunder. Forskning visar att företag som bygger djupare relationer till sina kunder och associeras med högre ideal och mänskliga värderingar också har den största finansiella tillväxten. Om vikten av att skapa mervärde och gå från produkt till syfte, från vad till varför.
Tendensdagen 2011 Donna Sturgess - Marketing is broken - the answer is deeper. Sveriges Marknadsförbund
Traditional marketing is broken with marketers focusing on testing the consumer’s conscious reactions to brands with surveys and focus groups. Instead, to achieve better marketing we need better insights that go deeper than the traditional methods. How testing the non-conscious and measuring a consumer’s relationship with a brand is a much more effective way to approach marketing, and with neuromarketing the tools to achieve these deeper insights are now available.
Making Decisions in a World Awash in Data: We’re going to need a different bo...Micah Altman
In his abstract, Scriffignano summarizes as follows:
l explore some of the ways in which the massive availability of data is changing and the types of questions we must ask in the context of making business decisions. Truth be told, nearly all organizations struggle to make sense out of the mounting data already within the enterprise. At the same time, businesses, individuals, and governments continue to try to outpace one another, often in ways that are informed by newly-available data and technology, but just as often using that data and technology in alarmingly inappropriate or incomplete ways. Multiple “solutions” exist to take data that is poorly understood, promising to derive meaning that is often transient at best. A tremendous amount of “dark” innovation continues in the space of fraud and other bad behavior (e.g. cyber crime, cyber terrorism), highlighting that there are very real risks to taking a fast-follower strategy in making sense out of the ever-increasing amount of data available. Tools and technologies can be very helpful or, as Scriffignano puts it, “they can accelerate the speed with which we hit the wall.” Drawing on unstructured, highly dynamic sources of data, fascinating inference can be derived if we ask the right questions (and maybe use a bit of different math!). This session will cover three main themes: The new normal (how the data around us continues to change), how are we reacting (bringing data science into the room), and the path ahead (creating a mindset in the organization that evolves). Ultimately, what we learn is governed as much by the data available as by the questions we ask. This talk, both relevant and occasionally irreverent, will explore some of the new ways data is being used to expose risk and opportunity and the skills we need to take advantage of a world awash in data.
Our changing world: Four trends set to impact how we lead in the future. A presentation by Futurist Adam Jorlen for the Holos Group Real Leadership Program in Melbourne, Australia July 2012.
Discussion Questions Chapter 31. Is profit the only important.docxelinoraudley582231
Discussion Questions:
Chapter 3
1. Is profit the only important goal of a business? What are others?
2. Stockholders are only one group of stakeholders. Who are the stakeholders important to me inside the organization?
3. Who are stakeholders important to me outside the organization?
4. What does the successful manager need to know about ethics and values?
5. Is being socially responsible really necessary?
6. How can I trust a company is doing the right thing?
Chapter 4
7. What three important developments of globalization will probably affect me?
8. Why learn about international management, and what characterizes the successful international manager?
9. Why do companies expand internationally, and how do they do it?
10. What are the principal areas of cultural differences?
Research at least three (3) peer-reviewed articles about individual rights, morality, ethics, individual rights, duty, or codes of conduct for criminal justice professionals.
Write a three to five (3-5) page paper
1. Thoroughly created a philosophy and approach for balancing the issues of individual rights and the public’s protection. Thoroughly provided one to two (1 to 2) examples illustrating how you will use this philosophy in your own career.
2. Thoroughly determined a philosophy and approach for balancing the use of reward and punishment in criminal justice. Thoroughly provided one to two (1 to 2) examples illustrating how you will use this philosophy in your own career.
3. Thoroughly selected a philosophy and approach that addresses the use of immoral means (e.g., torture or lying in interrogation) to accomplish desirable ends. Thoroughly provided one to two (1 to 2) examples illustrating how you will use this philosophy in your own career.
4. Thoroughly explained what you believe the Ethics of Care and Peacemaking Criminology presented in your textbook should mean for law enforcement professionals.
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA format (latest edition).
Include a cover page developed in accordance with the latest edition of APA, including a running head, page number, the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page, revision of the previous assignment, and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
3.2
The Community of Stakeholders Inside the Organization
Major Question: Stockholders are only one group of stakeholders. Who are the stakeholders important to me inside the organization?
3.3
The Community of Stakeholders Outside the Organization
Major Question: Who are stakeholders important to me outside the organization?
3.4
The Ethical Responsibilities Required of You as a Manager
Major Question: What does the successful manager need to know about ethics and values?
3.5
The Social Responsibilities Required of You as a Manager
Major Question: Is.
Defining and Harnessing Plurality of Thought for the Digital AgeCognizant
Beyond and different from physical identity diversity, it is plurality of thought that must be cultivated and promoted within today's far-sighted organizations. We offer an analysis and roadmap for instilling plurality of thought on the individual, team and corporate levels.
Criteria for a great marketing book: ideas from psychology, behavioral economics, marketing, advertising, and business about how to influence behavior and buying patterns at the edges of bounded rationality
Leveraging Human experience into Customer experience
That Was Then This Is Now Essay. ENGLISH CORNER : WRITING. THEN and NOW articleAshley Smith
That Was Then, This Is Now by S. E. Hinton Plot Summary | LitCharts. That Was Then, This is Now-Full Book Activities | Book activities .... ⇉If Only I Knew Then What I Know Now Narrative Essay Essay Example .... Then and Now: A photo essay by Consolidated Publishing Co. - Issuu. What I Know Now That I Wish I Knew Then - Honorable Mention, 14th .... ⇉Narrative about something that happened to you Essay Example | GraduateWay. Before you Write an Essay... Essay Writing 5 - YouTube. Revision History For the Essay - REVISION HISTORY I did not expect my .... Sample narrative essay. That Was Then, This Is Now – Chapter 2: Writing Prompts. Television: Then and Now Essay Example | StudyHippo.com.
This presentation was delivered on April 29th 2014 to an audience of financial services organizations at the Foreign Correspondents' Club of Hong Kong. It outlines why the financial services sector has been a social media late-bloomer, how it can get with the digital program, and things to think about in the design of their social business (as viewed through the prism of marketing communications).
Page 1 of 31
10/1/2016
5
Cultivating a Global Mindset
I define globalization as sourcing capital from where it is cheapest, sourcing talent
from where it is best available, producing where it is most cost effective and selling
where the markets are without being constrained by national boundaries.
—N. R. Narayana Murthy, Chairman,
Infosys Technologies
1
There are no German or American companies.
There are only successful or unsuccessful companies.
—Thomas Middlehoff, Chairman ( 1998-2002),
—Bertelsmann AG
2
Individuals differ in how they sense and interpret the world around them. So do
organizations. And these differences matter. They matter because it is how we perceive
our environment as well as ourselves that determines which of the multitude of
opportunities and problems we go after and how we do so.
3
Consider, for example, this
seemingly simple question: “What is Marriott’s market share in the lodging business?”
The answer, or answers, would depend on your perception of the company’s relevant
opportunity space: the North American hotel market, the global hotel market, or the
global lodging market including not only hotels but also other forms of lodging, such
as apartments, college dormitories, and even prisons.
As part of our ongoing research on the global corporation, we posed the following
question to the CEO of one of the world’s largest
pharmaceutical corporations: “What are the three things that might keep you awake at
night?” His response: “First, people development. Second, setting business priorities
to make sure that the short term doesn’t drive out the long term. And, third, setting
the tone for creating a global mindset.” Although their words may differ, other CEOs
and senior executives echo this viewpoint.
Page 2 of 31
10/1/2016
Any company that wants to emerge as the global leader in its industry has to lead in
three tasks: discovering new market opportunities, establishing presence in key
markets, and converting such presence into global competitive advantage. How does
one do that in today’s environment? Rooted in the premise that managers pursue only
those market and resource opportunities that they discern, we would contend that a
deeply embedded global mindset is a prerequisite for global industry dominance. As
Sam Palmisano, CEO of IBM Corporation, observed:
Today, for the first time in human history, everything is connected. There are a
billion people and hundreds of millions of businesses on the World Wide Web. And,
the Web has emerged as much more than a connectivity medium. It has become a
global platform of work Think back to how we at IBM historically developed leaders
all over the world. That model worked well if you put most of your global mission in
the ‘home country’—in our case the U.S.—and installed strong local leaders heading
up local country organizations. In other words, management was still largely
defined by national .
Creative director LBI Digital
As Chief Creative Officer at DigitasLBi International, Chris Clarke is responsible for the creative output of the network and its creative staff. Chris loves to stay close to the work, developing creative ideas with teams across the network for clients including Coca Cola, Sony Xperia and Etihad. Believability is his creative religion: he is permanently on a mission to bridge the gap between promise and proof for DigitasLBi’s clients, helping them to be true to the principles they espouse.
Like most people who’ve been doing this for a while, Chris stumbled into the digital industry in the late 90s. As a copywriter, he made it his mission to bring the craft of ideas to digital marketing, an ambition realised at pioneering Swedish digital advertising agency Abel & Baker and later at Wheel where he became Executive Creative Director. He was subsequently European Executive Creative Director at Modem Media, President and Executive Creative Director of Digitas UK and Chief Creative Officer of LBi.
Over the years, Chris has become a regular on the speaking circuit and has picked up awards at Cannes, D&AD, LIA, Campaign Digital, Campaign Direct, Revolution, BIMA and the Webbys.
Talk:
For years the internet has been touted as an almost universal force for good. We hear of the “democratising” nature of a platform dedicated to openness and transparency. We have come to see the web as a place where ‘The Consumer is in Control”, and where information wants to be free. In this session, Chris will explore the darker side of the digital revolution, looking at the “winner takes all” business models, and downward pressure on quality caused by ad funded content. By understanding the dark side of the digital revolution, you will be better prepared to help your organisation stay relevant and fit for the digital future.
5 Things We Think We Know About Strategy -- And Why We're WrongEd Morrison
Strategic Doing is an agile strategy discipline for complex collaborations, open innovation and ecosystems. In the years that we took to develop the discipline, we learned a few myths about strategy that we'd like to share.
Don't let data get in the way of a good storymark madsen
Storytelling is not about raising someone’s IQ, it’s about raising their blood pressure. Stories engage emotions rather than intellect, making “storytelling with data” a poor metaphor for data visualization when our goal is to communicate clearly.
People are often confused or misled by “story”, thinking they need a classical story structure with protagonists, action and resolution when the job may be simpler, or more complicated. Some of the storytelling tools and suggestions vendors promote would get you kicked out of your boss’s office you used them without taking into account their goals and context.
Narrative is what we are really talking about, not story. We need to focus our attention on narrative techniques rather than “story” and its forced linear structure. This means understanding why we want to communicate: is it to explain, to build shared understanding, to convince others that our interpretation is the right one?
We use visualization as a tool for many different purposes, communication being one. The idea of narratives with data is a good one, but not all narrative is story. The purpose of this talk is to provide clarity around the goals of communicating with data and to provide a goal-oriented framework that escapes the bad metaphorical frame imposed by “storytelling”.
Introduction to Entrepreneurship v3, 1st editionJorge Saguinsin
This is the latest updated edited version 3 of my introduction of Introduction to Entrepreneurship. It the most comprehensive of my lecture into the said subject. It is the result of 13 years of teaching and research on the said subject. More than 100 slides and 30 mb. Watch out for my new presentation on government entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial capitalism
FREE 12+ Interview Essay Samples in MS Word | PDF. Critical Essay: Narrative format interview example. 003 Interview Essay Examples Free Example Best Photos Of Template .... Wonderful Sample Interview Essay ~ Thatsnotus. 020 Interview Essay Example Research Thesis Statement Writing For .... Interview Essay - 11+ Examples, Format, Pdf | Examples. Interview Essay Example | Template Business. Exceptional Interview Essay Introduction ~ Thatsnotus. Interview Essay Examples – Telegraph. Interview essay example 8+ samples in word, pdf. Sample Interview Report Example | Classles Democracy. Interview Essay. 009 Essay Example Job Interview Introduction College Paper Help How To .... 20+ Interview Essay Templates - PDF, DOC. Business paper: Sample interview essays. FREE 16+ Sample Essay Templates in PDF. 34+ Interview Essay Examples Gif - Exam. 002 Job Application Essay Template Sample Teaching ~ Thatsnotus. Interview Essay - 6+ Examples, Format, Pdf | Examples. Check out Flawless Interview Paper from Our Writers. Sample Interview Essay | The Document Template. Interviewing a person essay. Interview Essay Examples Apa Format – Beinyu.com Interview Essay Sample Interview Essay Sample
Dr Katarina Graffman, CEO Inculture.
5 tips från antropologen
De flesta av oss, både människor och företag, ser fortfarande konsumtion som en separat handling; i vissa situationer är man människa i andra konsument/kund. Men, konsumtion är ingen självständig aktivitet, det är ingen roll vi stiger in och ut ur. I själva verket är vi alltid konsumenter. Utan djupare förståelse för människan och hennes beteenden är det omöjligt att förstå och förutsäga vilka erbjudanden som kommer att fungera och vilka som kommer att falla platt till marken.
Creating a Superhuman Brand – Unleashing human potential and meaningful brand storytelling in the New Brand World.
Bedbury ligger bakom både Nikes “Just-Do-It”-kampanj och Starbucks fantastiska varumärkesresa och vet hur man skapar engagemang. Att bygga ett framgångsrikt varumärke idag kräver förmåga att fullt ut utveckla organisationens potential tillsammans med en stark varumärkesposition och en kultur som inspirerar såväl anställda som kunder. Företag som Nike, Apple och Starbucks har varumärket som riktlinje för vad de gör, hur de gör det, varför de gör det och vem de gör det för. Lyssna och lär om den kraft som finns i storytelling både internt och externt, och hur man skapar ett varumärke som attraherar och behåller de allra bästa.
Richard Wahlund, Professor, Handelshögskolan i
Stockholm.
Det finns ett antal psykologiska mekanismer som påverkar hur vi människor söker och bearbetar information och fattar beslut. Dessa böjelser är generella, dvs. något som finns hos oss alla och gör var och en av oss mycket påverkbara, ofta utan att varken vi eller den som påverkar oss är medvetna om vad som
händer. De medför också att en informationsåtgärd kan få helt motsatta effekter än dem vi tänkt oss, och de möjliggör även medveten manipulation.
Det här seminariet avser visa på några av dessa mekanismer och ge exempel på hur de fungerar i praktiken, framför allt i
olika marknadsföringssammanhang.
Företagets struktur och arkitektur över varumärken är idealistisk, till skillnad mot den verkliga varumärkesportföljen som är realistisk och anpassad till olika marknader, geografiska skillnader och produkter. Att sätta likhetstecken mellan företagets varumärkesarkitektur och hanteringen av varumärkesportföljen leder därför ofta in i en återvändsgränd.
Välkommen till ett seminarium där du får höra mer om senaste forskningen kring Brand Portfolio Management. Det handlar om trender och olika synsätt på hur man hanterar en varumärkesportfölj samt kopplingar till kunden och marknaden. För att illustrera teorierna presenteras en lång rad exempel från både konsument- och B2B-branding.
Henrik Uggla är Docent i Strategic Brand Management på Indek KTH, hans forskning är publicerad internationellt i tidskrifter som The Journal Of Brand Management, European Journal Of Brand Management och Strategic Direction. Henrik är författare till tio böcker och föreläser globalt kring framtidsfrågor inom Strategic Brand Management.
Björn Nyberg är doktorand på Indek på KTH med fokus på varumärkesportföljstrategier. Han gästföreläser på samtliga kurser inom marknadsföring på KTH och arbetar till vardags heltid som varumärkeskonsult på LynxEye.
Vem är det egentligen som skapar varumärket?
En globaliserad värld med snabba förändringar och aktiva konsumenter innebär stora utmaningar för de flesta organisationers marknadskommunikation. För att skapa ett starkt varumärke finns det å ena sidan de som rekommenderar standardiserade strategier, å andra sidan rekommenderas anpassning.
Ikea har länge använt sig av en standardiserad strategi. Vid detta seminarium diskuteras strategier, med Ikea som exempel, hur dessa möter och förhandlas av konsumenter på olika marknader samt vad det får för konsekvenser. Vem är det egentligen som skapar varumärket? Och vad sker när företag och konsumenter samproducerar ett varumärke?
Åsa Thelander, docent i strategisk kommunikation har tillsammans med en grupp forskare vid Lunds universitet publicerat boken Consuming IKEA som handlar om bilden av Ikea, hur den skapas, formas och förhandlas i olika länder.
Månadens forskare februari 2012 Solveig Wikström - Att förstå vad konsumenter...Sveriges Marknadsförbund
När man frågar chefer med ansvar för marknad, försäljning och kunder ”Vilka är era största problem i jobbet idag?” så svarar många ”Att förstå vad konsumenterna egentligen vill ha. De säger en sak, men sedan gör de något helt annat”
Känner ni igen det?
Företagen gör idag en hel del undersökningar. De borde väl veta vad konsumenterna vill ha? Men så här kommenterade en marknadschef frågan: ”Hade det varit så enkelt att man hade kunnat researcha sig fram till alllting hade inte åtta av tio lanseringar misslyckats. Du kan ställa en fråga och du kan få ett svar, men om det är sanningen vet man inte alltid”.
Varför är det så? Måste det vara så? Det skall vi diskutera på seminariet och Solveig Wikström kommer bl a visa hur kulturella skillnader mella företag och konsumenter i synen på konsumentvärde kan förklara en hel del av svårigheterna. Och naturligtvis diskutera vad vi kan göra åt problemen.
Seminariet vänder sig till alla som vill bli bättre på att förstå vad konsumenterna egentligen vill ha. Deltagarna får med sig en verktygsväska för att ta tag i problemen och finna en lösning.
Solveig Wikström är professor i företagsstrategi och konsumtion vid Stockholm universitet. Hon började sin karriär som marknadschef, men gick snart över till forskning med fokus på relationen mellan företag och slutkund. Hon har hela tiden hållit kontakten med företagsvärlden bla. genom ett stort antal styrelseuppdrag och genom att fortlöpande presentera forskningsresultat för företagsvärlden.
Building a culture of Effectiveness
Möt en expert på hur man skapar effektivitet och lönsamhet i en marknadsorganisation. Om utmaningar i kontakten mellan marknadsavdelning, ledning och styrelse, samt konsekvenser för byråerna. Om hur det kan bli fel och lösningen på problemen med att bygga effektivitet i en organisation.
Varumärkeschefens största utmaning
Visionen är satt, värdegrunden på plats och strategin klar. Nu börjar varumärkeschefens verkliga utmaning; att få med medarbetarna på varumärkesresan. Falonius beskriver med verkliga exempel hur du genomför en framgångsrik intern förankring – metoderna, verktygen, fallgroparna. Han ger dig ett beprövat recept på hur du får dina medarbetare att med stort engagemang leverera varumärkeslöftet, dag efter dag.
Tendensdagen 2011 Kevin Lane Keller - Proven marketing strategies in challeng...Sveriges Marknadsförbund
Proven marketing strategies in challenging marketing conditions
Marknadsföringsområdet har genomgått enorma förändringar under de senaste åren och här berättar Keller hur man hittar balans mellan klassiska kommersiella metoder och dagens nya angreppssätt, och om hur man kan skapa starka varumärken, lojalitet och ROI i dagens konkurrensutsatta, utmanande och konstant föränderliga digitala värld.
Kellers bok Strategic Brand Management har hyllats som ”the bible for branding” och han är numera medförfattare till Kotlers Marketing Management, tidernas mest sålda introduktionsbok i marknadsföring. K L Keller är en mycket uppskattad talare världen över och har erfarenhet från framgångsrika varumärken och företag såsom bl a American Express, Disney, Ford, Intel, Goodyear, Kodak, Nordstrom, Shell, Starbucks och Unilever.
Sveriges Marknadsförbund har gjort en undersökning bland våra medlemsföretag som är spridda över hela landet och i olika branscher. Syftet är att förstå vilka utmaningar som Sveriges marknadsförare möter, vilka kanaler och aktiviteter som har bäst effekt, hur man mäter återbäring på investerade pengar i marknadsföring samt om det utökade medielandskapet inneburit förändringar för organisation och resursfördelning.
När vi pratar med våra medlemmar säger många att kraven på marknadsavdelningen ökar. Marknaden rör sig snabbare, medielandskapet har vuxit explosionsartat och ökat i komplexitet samtidigt som kundernas beteende blir allt svårare att förutse. Dessutom stiger kraven att bevisa att investeringar i marknadsföring ger resultat.
Med den här undersökningen har vi velat ta reda på om uppfattningen om ökade krav stämmer samt identifiera de största utmaningarna som dagens marknadsförare står inför. Vi ville också ta reda på vilka kanaler som är de viktigaste och hur man jobbar i dessa.
Patients as a driver of knowledge and innovation – changing the power dynamics in healthcare.
The market for health care is undergoing a paradigm shift where power is transferred to the patient. Innovative care means that patients have knowledge and drive innovation. Tovey has extensive experience in healthcare marketing and explains how UCB Pharma has made it possible for patients to change the market and take control of their health.
Cracking the Workplace Discipline Code Main.pptxWorkforce Group
Cultivating and maintaining discipline within teams is a critical differentiator for successful organisations.
Forward-thinking leaders and business managers understand the impact that discipline has on organisational success. A disciplined workforce operates with clarity, focus, and a shared understanding of expectations, ultimately driving better results, optimising productivity, and facilitating seamless collaboration.
Although discipline is not a one-size-fits-all approach, it can help create a work environment that encourages personal growth and accountability rather than solely relying on punitive measures.
In this deck, you will learn the significance of workplace discipline for organisational success. You’ll also learn
• Four (4) workplace discipline methods you should consider
• The best and most practical approach to implementing workplace discipline.
• Three (3) key tips to maintain a disciplined workplace.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
Personal Brand Statement:
As an Army veteran dedicated to lifelong learning, I bring a disciplined, strategic mindset to my pursuits. I am constantly expanding my knowledge to innovate and lead effectively. My journey is driven by a commitment to excellence, and to make a meaningful impact in the world.
As a business owner in Delaware, staying on top of your tax obligations is paramount, especially with the annual deadline for Delaware Franchise Tax looming on March 1. One such obligation is the annual Delaware Franchise Tax, which serves as a crucial requirement for maintaining your company’s legal standing within the state. While the prospect of handling tax matters may seem daunting, rest assured that the process can be straightforward with the right guidance. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll walk you through the steps of filing your Delaware Franchise Tax and provide insights to help you navigate the process effectively.
The world of search engine optimization (SEO) is buzzing with discussions after Google confirmed that around 2,500 leaked internal documents related to its Search feature are indeed authentic. The revelation has sparked significant concerns within the SEO community. The leaked documents were initially reported by SEO experts Rand Fishkin and Mike King, igniting widespread analysis and discourse. For More Info:- https://news.arihantwebtech.com/search-disrupted-googles-leaked-documents-rock-the-seo-world/
"𝑩𝑬𝑮𝑼𝑵 𝑾𝑰𝑻𝑯 𝑻𝑱 𝑰𝑺 𝑯𝑨𝑳𝑭 𝑫𝑶𝑵𝑬"
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 (𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬) is a professional event agency that includes experts in the event-organizing market in Vietnam, Korea, and ASEAN countries. We provide unlimited types of events from Music concerts, Fan meetings, and Culture festivals to Corporate events, Internal company events, Golf tournaments, MICE events, and Exhibitions.
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 provides unlimited package services including such as Event organizing, Event planning, Event production, Manpower, PR marketing, Design 2D/3D, VIP protocols, Interpreter agency, etc.
Sports events - Golf competitions/billiards competitions/company sports events: dynamic and challenging
⭐ 𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬:
➢ 2024 BAEKHYUN [Lonsdaleite] IN HO CHI MINH
➢ SUPER JUNIOR-L.S.S. THE SHOW : Th3ee Guys in HO CHI MINH
➢FreenBecky 1st Fan Meeting in Vietnam
➢CHILDREN ART EXHIBITION 2024: BEYOND BARRIERS
➢ WOW K-Music Festival 2023
➢ Winner [CROSS] Tour in HCM
➢ Super Show 9 in HCM with Super Junior
➢ HCMC - Gyeongsangbuk-do Culture and Tourism Festival
➢ Korean Vietnam Partnership - Fair with LG
➢ Korean President visits Samsung Electronics R&D Center
➢ Vietnam Food Expo with Lotte Wellfood
"𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲, 𝐚 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐣𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐲. 𝐖𝐞 𝐚𝐥𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐛𝐞 𝐚 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬."
Unveiling the Secrets How Does Generative AI Work.pdfSam H
At its core, generative artificial intelligence relies on the concept of generative models, which serve as engines that churn out entirely new data resembling their training data. It is like a sculptor who has studied so many forms found in nature and then uses this knowledge to create sculptures from his imagination that have never been seen before anywhere else. If taken to cyberspace, gans work almost the same way.
Remote sensing and monitoring are changing the mining industry for the better. These are providing innovative solutions to long-standing challenges. Those related to exploration, extraction, and overall environmental management by mining technology companies Odisha. These technologies make use of satellite imaging, aerial photography and sensors to collect data that might be inaccessible or from hazardous locations. With the use of this technology, mining operations are becoming increasingly efficient. Let us gain more insight into the key aspects associated with remote sensing and monitoring when it comes to mining.
RMD24 | Retail media: hoe zet je dit in als je geen AH of Unilever bent? Heid...BBPMedia1
Grote partijen zijn al een tijdje onderweg met retail media. Ondertussen worden in dit domein ook de kansen zichtbaar voor andere spelers in de markt. Maar met die kansen ontstaan ook vragen: Zelf retail media worden of erop adverteren? In welke fase van de funnel past het en hoe integreer je het in een mediaplan? Wat is nu precies het verschil met marketplaces en Programmatic ads? In dit half uur beslechten we de dilemma's en krijg je antwoorden op wanneer het voor jou tijd is om de volgende stap te zetten.
Taurus Zodiac Sign_ Personality Traits and Sign Dates.pptxmy Pandit
Explore the world of the Taurus zodiac sign. Learn about their stability, determination, and appreciation for beauty. Discover how Taureans' grounded nature and hardworking mindset define their unique personality.
Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
www.seribangash.com
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
www.seribangash.com
Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
https://seribangash.com/promotors-is-person-conceived-formation-company/
Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
Enterprise Excellence is Inclusive Excellence.pdfKaiNexus
Enterprise excellence and inclusive excellence are closely linked, and real-world challenges have shown that both are essential to the success of any organization. To achieve enterprise excellence, organizations must focus on improving their operations and processes while creating an inclusive environment that engages everyone. In this interactive session, the facilitator will highlight commonly established business practices and how they limit our ability to engage everyone every day. More importantly, though, participants will likely gain increased awareness of what we can do differently to maximize enterprise excellence through deliberate inclusion.
What is Enterprise Excellence?
Enterprise Excellence is a holistic approach that's aimed at achieving world-class performance across all aspects of the organization.
What might I learn?
A way to engage all in creating Inclusive Excellence. Lessons from the US military and their parallels to the story of Harry Potter. How belt systems and CI teams can destroy inclusive practices. How leadership language invites people to the party. There are three things leaders can do to engage everyone every day: maximizing psychological safety to create environments where folks learn, contribute, and challenge the status quo.
Who might benefit? Anyone and everyone leading folks from the shop floor to top floor.
Dr. William Harvey is a seasoned Operations Leader with extensive experience in chemical processing, manufacturing, and operations management. At Michelman, he currently oversees multiple sites, leading teams in strategic planning and coaching/practicing continuous improvement. William is set to start his eighth year of teaching at the University of Cincinnati where he teaches marketing, finance, and management. William holds various certifications in change management, quality, leadership, operational excellence, team building, and DiSC, among others.
Accpac to QuickBooks Conversion Navigating the Transition with Online Account...PaulBryant58
This article provides a comprehensive guide on how to
effectively manage the convert Accpac to QuickBooks , with a particular focus on utilizing online accounting services to streamline the process.
Accpac to QuickBooks Conversion Navigating the Transition with Online Account...
Tendensdagen 2011 Rory Sutherland - Back to the Boardroom
1.
2. Spot the terrorist
• Law
• Finance
• Engineering
• Islamic Studies
• French
2
3.
4. Gambetta and Hertog write about a particular mind-set among engineers that disdains
ambiguity and compromise. They might be more passionate about bringing order to
their society and see the rigid, religious law put forward in radical Islam as the best way
of achieving those goals. In online postings, Abdulmutallab expressed concern over the
conflict between his secular lifestyle and more extreme religious views. "How should
one put the balance right?" he wrote.
Terrorist organizations seem to have recognized this proclivity—in Abdulmutallab,
obviously, but also among engineers in general. A 2005 report from British intelligence
noted that Islamic extremists were frequenting college campuses, looking for
"inquisitive" students who might be susceptible to their message. In particular, the report
noted, they targeted engineers.
13. A few new phrases
• Availability (mental and physical distribuAon)
• Signalling – (brand personality)
– Handicap (brand quality; the brand as bond)
– HeurisAcs & biases (sequencing effects)
• Framing, comparison and context
• Immediacy
– Loss (SaAsficing and maximising)
19. HeurisAcs
• "Isn’t more informaAon always be_er? In economics, Nobel prizes are regularly awarded for
work that assumes that people make decisions as if they had perfect informaAon and could
compute the opAmal soluAon for the problem at hand. But how do real people make good
decisions under the usual condiAons of li_le Ame and scarce informaAon? Consider how
players catch a ball—in baseball, cricket, or soccer. It may seem that they would have to solve
complex differenAal equaAons in their heads to predict the trajectory of the ball. In fact, players
use a simple heurisAc. When a ball comes in high, the player fixates the ball and starts running.
The heurisAc is to adjust the running speed so that the angle of gaze remains constant —that is,
the angle between the eye and the ball. The player can ignore all the informaAon necessary to
compute the trajectory, such as the ball’s iniAal velocity, distance, and angle, and just focus on
one piece of informaAon, the angle of gaze.”
Gerd Gigerenzer
43. One point
• Logic won’t tell you this
• Research won’t tell you this
44. Another two problems
• “People don’t do what they say
they believe; they do what’s
convenient, and then they repent.”
“When a man says ‘my wife doesn’t
understand me’, it doesn’t mean he’s
planning an affair. He’s already had one.”