This document provides a summary of the development of mobile networks from 0G to 5G. It discusses the key technologies, standards, deployments and applications of each generation including: - 0G to 2G networks used analog signals while 2.5G introduced digital data services. 3G brought higher speeds and the ability to use the internet. - 4G technologies like LTE and WiMAX provided faster broadband access to the internet. 5G is aiming for speeds over 1Gbps using beam division multiple access. - Standards bodies like 3GPP, 3GPP2 and IEEE have developed the specifications for each generation as the technology has evolved from circuit switching to all IP packet networks. -

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2. Eng Hasan Shamroukh
International Trainer & Consultant
Arabs – Asia – Africa
CISCO – CWNP – Telecom – Security -
VOIP
http://about.me/HasanShamroukh
https://www.facebook.com/tcwep
http://darammanacademy.com
hasannaim@yahoo.com
00962 79 6061387
Skype: hasannaim1
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4. 0G – 5G
• 0G / Mobile Radio Phone
• 1G / AMPS: Advanced Mobile Phone System
• 2G / GSM: Global System of Mobile Communications
• 2.5G / GPRS: General Packet Radio Service
• 2.75G / EDGE: Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution
• 3G / WCDMA: Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
• 3.5G / HSPA: High Speed Packet Access
WIMAX: Worldwide Interoperability Multiple Access
• 3.75G / HSPA+: Enhanced High Speed Packet Access
EVO: Enhanced Voice-Data Optimized
• 3.9G / LTE: Long Term Evolution
• 4.1G / LTE Advanced
• 5G / BDMA: Beam Division Multiple Access 18،‫آب‬154

5. Historical Development
3GPP
3GPP2
IEEE 18،‫آب‬155
BDMA

6. 0G/Mobile radio telephone
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7. History
AchievementCompanyYear
1st commercial Mobile Telephone System (MTS) in USAMotorola, Bell System1946
1st public commercial mobile phone network in West
Germany
A-Netz1952
1st mobile phone network in UKSystem 11959
1st automatic system IMTS in USABell System1962
1st MTS in USSR & EuropeAltai1963
Fully operationalAltai1965
1st manual MTS in NorwayTeleverket1966
1st public commercial mobile phone in FinlandAutoRadioPhhelin
(ARP)
1971
2nd public commercial mobile phone network in West
Germany
B-Netz1972
1st MTS in Czechoslovakia & Eastern Europe(AMR)Automatizovaný
Městský Radiotelefon
1978
Fully operationalAMR1983 18،‫آب‬157

8. 1G / AMPS
Motorola DynaTAC 8000X AMPS mobile phone
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9. History
1G speeds & download speeds (28 – 56) Modem
Modem = kbit/s
1G used analog signals
AchievementCompanyYear
1stcommercially automated cellular network
in Japan - Tokyo
NTT Nippon Telegraph &
Telephone
1979
1st mobile phone in Denmark, Finland,
Norway & Sweden
(1st roaming system)
NMT Nordic Mobile Telephone1981
1st DynaTAC mobile phone in USAMotorola1983
Covered all JapanNTT1984
UK, Mexico & Canada covered----Mid
1980s
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10. 2G
***Starts in Finland by Radiolinja (Elisa Oyj) in 1991.
Benefits:
1- Phone conversations were digitally encrypted
2- More efficient on the spectrum allowing for far greater mobile
phone penetration levels
3- Introduced data services for mobile,
2G / SMS text messages
2.5G / picture messages, MMS
(multi media messages).
4- Much greater penetration intensity.
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11. Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
Cdmaone / Americas & Asia
Mexico, India, Australia, South Korea
GSM / Most of world
CDMA2000iDEN / Nextel USA, Telus Mobility Canada
CDMA 450D-AMPS / USA
PDC / Japan
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14. 2G-systems that have both CS & PS
•GPRS (56 – 115) kbit/s.
•HSCSD OR 1xRTT 153.6 kbit/s
•throughput of 80-100 kbit/s
Applications
•Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)
•Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS)
•Internet communications
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15. EDGE was deployed on GSM networks in 2003—initially by
Cingular (now AT&T) in USA (8PSK Modulation)
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16. Version Released Info
Phase 1 1992 GSM Features
Phase 2 1995 GSM Features, EFR Codec,
Release 96 1997 Q1
GSM Features, 14.4 kbit/s User Data
Rate,
Release 97 1998 Q1 GSM Features, GPRS
Release 98 1999 Q1
GSM Features, AMR, EDGE, GPRS for
PCS1900
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21. Data rates
2 Mbit/s for stationary or walking users
384 kbit/s in a moving vehicle
Applications of 3G
Mobile TV
Video on demand
Video Conferencing
Telemedicine
Location-based services
Global Positioning System (GPS)
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22. Version Released Info
Release 99 2000 Q1
Specified the first UMTS 3G networks, incorporating a CDMA air
interface
Release 4 2001 Q2
Originally called the Release 2000 - added features including an all-
IP Core Network
Release 5 2002 Q1 Introduced IMS and HSDPA
Release 6 2004 Q4
Integrated operation with Wireless LAN networks and
adds HSUPA, MBMS, enhancements to IMS such as Push to Talk over
Cellular (PoC),GAN
Release 7 2007 Q4
Focuses on decreasing latency, improvements to QoS and real-time
applications such as VoIP .This specification also focus
on HSPA+ (High Speed Packet Access Evolution), SIM high-speed
protocol and contactless front-end interface (Near Field
Communication enabling operators to deliver contactless services
like Mobile Payments), EDGE Evolution.
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23. AchievementCompanyYear
1st WIMAX use
USB Wireless Modems
South Korea2006
Developed WIMAX in USASprint (Clear wire)2008
1st LTE useNMT2009
1st LTE operator
Available WIMAX Smartphones
Metro PCS2010
Available LTE Smartphones----2011
Ending WIMAX useEurope2012
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24. Applications
Ultra-broadband Internet access
laptops with USB wireless modems
smartphones, mobile devices.
mobile web access
IP telephony (VoLTE)
gaming services
high-definition mobile TV
video conferencing
3D television
cloud computing (Oracle uses)
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27. Version Released Info
Release 8 2008 Q4
First LTE release. All-IP Network (SAE).
New OFDMA, FDE and MIMO based radio interface, not
backwards compatible with previous CDMA interfaces. Dual-
Cell HSDPA.
Release 9 2009 Q4
SAES Enhancements, WiMAX and LTE/UMTS Interoperability.
Dual-Cell HSDPA with MIMO, Dual-Cell HSUPA.
Release 10 2011 Q1
LTE Advanced fulfilling IMT Advanced 4G requirements.
Backwards compatible with release 8 (LTE). Multi-Cell HSDPA
(4 carriers).
Release 11 2012 Q3
Advanced IP Interconnection of Services. Service
layer interconnection between national operators/carriers as well
as third party application providers. Heterogeneous networks
(HetNet) improvements, Coordinated Multi-Point operation
(CoMP). In-device Co-existence (IDC).
Release 12 Planned to 2014 Q2 Content still open (as of October 2012).
Release 13 TBD Content still open (as of October 2013).
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32. Comparison
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Technology 1G 2G/2.5G 3G 4G
5G
Deployment 1970/1984 1980/1999 1990/2002 2000/2010 2014/2015
Bandwidth 2kbps 14-64kbps 2Mbps 200Mbps >1Gbps
Technology Analog
cellular
Digital cellular Broad bandwidth
/CDMA / IP
technology
Unified IP &seamless
combo of LAN / WAN /
WLAN / PAN 4G+WWWW
Service Mobile
telephony
Digital voice,
short messaging
Integrated high
quality audio,
video & data
Dynamic information
access, variable
devices
Dynamic information
access, variable devices
with AI capabilities
Multiplexing FDMA TDMA/CDMA CDMA CDMA CDMA
Switching Circuit Circuit/circuit for access
network air interface
Packet except for
air interface
All packet All packet
Core network PSTN PSTN Packet
network
Internet Internet
Handoff Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal
Vertical
Horizontal
Vertical

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34. WiFi IEEE 802.11 vs xG
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35. Mobile xG
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36. 1- Operators (Zain – Umniah – Orange)
2- Supporters (Ericsson – Huawei – ZTE)
3- Subcontractors too many to be mentioned!!!
THE MAIN VACANCY OF OUR STUDENTS
IS TO WORK WITH SUBCONTRACTORS
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37. Training Courses needed for students :
•CCNA
•CWNA
•2G (GSM/GPRS/EDGE)
•3G (WCDMA/HSPA/HSPA+)
•4G (WIMAX/LTE/LTE A)
•5G (BDMA)
•Optical Fibers
•RF/IBS
•Theoretically & Practically
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