Analysis and Design of Marine Berthing StructureIJERA Editor
In the present dissertation a berthing structure was analyzed and designed using different load conditions and the best possible way to construct a new berthing structure was described. All the suitable and useful data was adopted from the proposed site location at Visakhapatnam Port and studied carefully before designing the structure. The proposed berthing structure was modeled with suitable geometry using STAADPRO, after which all considerable loads on the structure were induced and analyzed carefully. Different sectional dimensions were trialed during the analysis and the most acceptable structure was designed with providing all structural members with suitable reinforcement and satisfying all marine safety conditions.
Navy Invests in New Mine Warfare Technology (UPDATED)TJR Global
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Analysis and Design of Marine Berthing StructureIJERA Editor
In the present dissertation a berthing structure was analyzed and designed using different load conditions and the best possible way to construct a new berthing structure was described. All the suitable and useful data was adopted from the proposed site location at Visakhapatnam Port and studied carefully before designing the structure. The proposed berthing structure was modeled with suitable geometry using STAADPRO, after which all considerable loads on the structure were induced and analyzed carefully. Different sectional dimensions were trialed during the analysis and the most acceptable structure was designed with providing all structural members with suitable reinforcement and satisfying all marine safety conditions.
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This presentation is an example of reported worked briefed to Military and Civilian leadership after fact finding and analysis. These results were incorporated into other high level briefings that helped determine the type and method of Program Management that is being used to upgrade, replace and enhance DoD warfighting capabilities.
Key Issues & Challenges for Inland Water Transportation Network in IndiaIJSRD
The authors explore transport and trade as two broad service sectors of inland water resources. An attempt is made to find out the key issues and challenges from this sector with the evolving understanding of Indian inland water transportation system. The paper explains the background of inland water transport sector in India along with the discussion of issues and challenges faced by the same. The authors state that co-operation and co-ordination between inter-state governments is a strategic element to expand the network of inland water transport system in India beyond state boundaries. Conclusively, the prospect of inland navigation looks promising, wherein issues on infrastructural gaps and institutional support are addressed suitably.
Estratégias de Aceitação Pública da Geração Elétrica NuclearLeonam Guimarães
Os países que embarcam em programas nucleares, geralmente têm fortes razões parafazê-lo, incluindo a falta de boas alternativas para satisfazer suas necessidades degeração de energia elétrica. Essas razões também podem incluir a confiança nasegurança das usinas nucleares existentes e, particularmente, a confiança em quetecnologias ainda mais seguras estarão em operação em breve. Na maioria dos casos,quando a opinião pública compreender as razões subjacentes para adotar a geraçãoelétrica nuclear, haverá apoio às decisões dos formuladores de políticas.
Programa da propulsão nuclear naval catalisador do desenvolvimento da tecnolo...Leonam Guimarães
João Roberto Loureiro de Mattos* e Leonam dos Santos Guimarães**
*Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
Av. Lineu Prestes 2.242 – Cidade Universitária
05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brasil
**Centro Tecnológico da Marinha em São Paulo - CTMSP
Av. Lineu Prestes 2.468
05508-900 Butantã, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
RESUMO
Constituindo-se em um dos maiores empreendimentos de desenvolvimento autóctone de
tecnologia já realizados no País, o programa de desenvolvimento da propulsão nuclear naval,
desenvolvido pela Marinha do Brasil através do Centro Tecnológico da Marinha em São Paulo –
CTMSP, tem cumprido um importante papel de integração de competências técnicas e institucionais,
bem como a manutenção de massa crítica de pessoal ao longo das décadas de 80 e 90, onde a falta de
política clara para a área nuclear indicava um iminente desmonte do setor. O programa de
desenvolvimento da propulsão nuclear naval funciona como um agregador e catalisador de
competências num setor altamente competitivo e especializado como é o nuclear.
Este artigo apresenta os interesses do Brasil na sua fronteira marítima, a inserção da propulsão
nuclear naval neste contexto, a estratégia da Marinha do Brasil para obter este tipo de tecnologia, a
descrição do protótipo em terra – INAP, a situação atual deste empreendimento e o seu caráter de
integração no cenário nuclear brasileiro.
O medo da energia nuclear se estabeleceu na sociedade desde que ela foi apresentada à humanidade pelos holocaustos de Hiroshima e Nagasaki, em 1945, sob a forma do que se poderia chamar de “o pior caso de marketing da História”. Ele segue seu caminho através da nossa cultura e nunca está longe nas discussões públicas sobre política nuclear.
BRASIL NOS BRICS: capítulo 5 - ENERGIA NUCLEAR NOS BRICSLeonam Guimarães
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6th Biennial National Survey of U.S. Nuclear Power Plant Neighbors 2015Leonam Guimarães
Plant neighbors (on average across all U.S. sites) continue to show extraordinary support for nuclear energy and the nearby plant.
This support is essentially unchanged over a decade.
Support is grounded in favorable perceptions of the plant’s safety, environmental protection, contribution to jobs and the economy, and outreach.
Plant neighbors feel quite well informed and give highest trust to information from plant sources.
This presentation is an example of reported worked briefed to Military and Civilian leadership after fact finding and analysis. These results were incorporated into other high level briefings that helped determine the type and method of Program Management that is being used to upgrade, replace and enhance DoD warfighting capabilities.
Key Issues & Challenges for Inland Water Transportation Network in IndiaIJSRD
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Estratégias de Aceitação Pública da Geração Elétrica NuclearLeonam Guimarães
Os países que embarcam em programas nucleares, geralmente têm fortes razões parafazê-lo, incluindo a falta de boas alternativas para satisfazer suas necessidades degeração de energia elétrica. Essas razões também podem incluir a confiança nasegurança das usinas nucleares existentes e, particularmente, a confiança em quetecnologias ainda mais seguras estarão em operação em breve. Na maioria dos casos,quando a opinião pública compreender as razões subjacentes para adotar a geraçãoelétrica nuclear, haverá apoio às decisões dos formuladores de políticas.
Programa da propulsão nuclear naval catalisador do desenvolvimento da tecnolo...Leonam Guimarães
João Roberto Loureiro de Mattos* e Leonam dos Santos Guimarães**
*Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
Av. Lineu Prestes 2.242 – Cidade Universitária
05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brasil
**Centro Tecnológico da Marinha em São Paulo - CTMSP
Av. Lineu Prestes 2.468
05508-900 Butantã, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
RESUMO
Constituindo-se em um dos maiores empreendimentos de desenvolvimento autóctone de
tecnologia já realizados no País, o programa de desenvolvimento da propulsão nuclear naval,
desenvolvido pela Marinha do Brasil através do Centro Tecnológico da Marinha em São Paulo –
CTMSP, tem cumprido um importante papel de integração de competências técnicas e institucionais,
bem como a manutenção de massa crítica de pessoal ao longo das décadas de 80 e 90, onde a falta de
política clara para a área nuclear indicava um iminente desmonte do setor. O programa de
desenvolvimento da propulsão nuclear naval funciona como um agregador e catalisador de
competências num setor altamente competitivo e especializado como é o nuclear.
Este artigo apresenta os interesses do Brasil na sua fronteira marítima, a inserção da propulsão
nuclear naval neste contexto, a estratégia da Marinha do Brasil para obter este tipo de tecnologia, a
descrição do protótipo em terra – INAP, a situação atual deste empreendimento e o seu caráter de
integração no cenário nuclear brasileiro.
O medo da energia nuclear se estabeleceu na sociedade desde que ela foi apresentada à humanidade pelos holocaustos de Hiroshima e Nagasaki, em 1945, sob a forma do que se poderia chamar de “o pior caso de marketing da História”. Ele segue seu caminho através da nossa cultura e nunca está longe nas discussões públicas sobre política nuclear.
BRASIL NOS BRICS: capítulo 5 - ENERGIA NUCLEAR NOS BRICSLeonam Guimarães
É inequívoca a importância estratégica de o Brasil se manter ativo na exploração dos usos pacíficos da energia nuclear, expandindo seu domínio tecnológico e capacidade industrial instalada nos diversos setores associados, como produção de radioisótopos para medicina e indústria, produção de combustível nuclear, propulsão nuclear naval e geração elétrica nuclear. Para isso, a cooperação dentro elos BRICS desponta como uma excelente oportunidade.
6th Biennial National Survey of U.S. Nuclear Power Plant Neighbors 2015Leonam Guimarães
Plant neighbors (on average across all U.S. sites) continue to show extraordinary support for nuclear energy and the nearby plant.
This support is essentially unchanged over a decade.
Support is grounded in favorable perceptions of the plant’s safety, environmental protection, contribution to jobs and the economy, and outreach.
Plant neighbors feel quite well informed and give highest trust to information from plant sources.
2016 panorama da energia nuclear -nova edição 2016 mLeonam Guimarães
O crescimento econômico, a prosperidade e o aumento da população levarão inevitavelmente ao aumento do consumo de energia nas próximas décadas. O mundo muda a cada dia com os desenvolvimentos da economia, as alterações climáticas e a energia trazendo novos desafios e novas oportunidades. A indústria nuclear não é diferente e também não é imune ao impacto destes desenvolvimentos.
A urgência de enfrentar a pobreza global e reduzir as emissões de gases do efeito estufa exige que consideremos a energia nuclear com todas as suas possibilidades. Os fatos básicos da tecnologia - bons e maus - devem ser confrontados.
Expandir a oferta de energia elétrica e simultaneamente reduzir os efeitos das mudanças climáticas é o desafio que se apresenta aos formuladores de políticas energéticas. A substituição de 137 reatores nucleares em término de vida útil, nos próximos 20 anos, quer por outros nucleares, quer por outras fontes energéticas, é uma questão que exigirá investimentos muito expressivos de todos os países envolvidos.
Os fatores geopolíticos que envolvem o suprimento de energia também não podem ser descartados e em muitos casos a energia nuclear é a única opção para garantir maior segurança nacional de suprimento e diminuição da exposição em relação à volatilidade do preço do petróleo e à importação de combustíveis.
Em dezembro de 2015, o acordo de Paris consolidou anos de negociações com um acordo entre 188 países para limitar as emissões de dióxido de carbono. Muitos países estão impulsionando ativamente o crescimento de seus planos de produção de energia nuclear para fazer frente aos compromissos que assumiram quanto às mudanças climáticas.
Apesar do grande número de países emergentes em energia nuclear, eles não devem contribuir muito para a expansão da capacidade nuclear no futuro previsível - o principal crescimento virá em países onde a tecnologia já está bem estabelecida, principalmente na Ásia. No entanto, a longo prazo, a tendência de urbanização em países menos desenvolvidos vai aumentar muito a demanda por eletricidade, especialmente, a fornecida por centrais geração de energia de base, como nuclear.
A disponibilidade de novas tecnologias e o progresso realizado para desenvolver sites que sejam publicamente aceitáveis, leva à construção de novas instalações nucleares. A energia nuclear tem vantagens ambientais distintas sobre os combustíveis fósseis, podendo conter e gerenciar virtualmente todos os seus resíduos sem causar qualquer tipo de poluição não controlável.
Cabe lembrar que ao longo de décadas de uso pacífico da energia nuclear, jamais houve desvio de urânio para uso militar. A energia nuclear civil não tem sido a causa ou a rota para armas nucleares em qualquer país que tenha arsenal nuclear.
DESIGN OF A MODEL HAULAGE TECHNIQUE FOR WATER FLOODING CAISSON ASSEMBLY.Emeka Ngwobia
Presented in this study is the engineering solution to the movement of a 63m, 45tons Caisson from a fabrication yard to a field location in the Gulf of guinea. This was achieved by dividing the whole process into three stages; firstly by using excel sheets with relevant design formulas to design the spreader bar configuration to lift the caisson from the quayside to a crane barge conveniently, showing the necessary lifting sequence employed to complete this process, also designing the lifting accessories needed which includes pad eyes, shackles, wire rope and spreader bars according to relevant codes and standards The first spreader Is an I beam of length of 25m and section with dimension 533mm by 229mm weighing 129kg/m, the second beam and the third beam are designed similarly as an I beam of length 9m and section 533mm by 229mm weighing 129kg/m. The choice of pad eye to be welded on the spreader beam was based on the working limit of the pad eye, which was analytically designed using spread sheet, performing necessary checks to make sure it will not break off during the lifting operations. It is reinforced with cheek plates at the pin hole to reduce the stresses at the pin hole. The total pad eye used for this operation is 16. The choice of shackle attached to each of the pad eye was based on the total self weight of all the lifting materials(55tons), according to the Crosby group catalogue it is an S2130 bow shackle of Nominal size 50.8mm, Stock no 1019659 and weight 23.7002kg, also the wire rope configuration chosen to based on the safe working load limit according to the Bethlehem wire rope general purpose catalogue ASME B30.5- 1995 the wire rope has nominal strength of 53.1tons, sling class 19x7 IWRC(Purple or extra improved ploy (EIP Steel).
. Secondly, by providing solutions to sea fastening for the caisson on the deck of the crane barge, which was modeled using STAADPRO, which involved support designs and loss of support designs, so as to accommodate for the hydrodynamic effect while the caisson is being transported by the crane barge, having in mind that the crane barge chosen will adequately accommodate the caisson because of the deck space required to fit the 63m long caisson, from the analysis the Caisson is supported by steel beams spaced at 10 m interval which is fastened with the aid of a clamp as seen in the detailed drawings, this caisson and beam supports are modeled with staadpro software and support reactions obtained. These supports are now spaced at 20 m intervals and analyzed to simulate a situation where there is a loss of support reaction during transportation of the caisson. A saddle clamp is to joined to a H beam for support to hold it to the deck at varying length and at the starting point a pivot made from a pad eye joined with a pin to connect the saddle clamp to allow for easy lifting of the caisson when it is at 25m to the FPSO.
Ocean Exploration Trust and the Nautilus Exploration Program seek out new discoveries in geology, biology, and archaeology while conducting scientific exploration of the seafloor. Our expeditions launch aboard Exploration Vessel Nautilus — a 68-meter research ship equipped with live-streaming underwater vehicles for scientists, students, and the public to explore the deep sea from anywhere in the world. We embed educators and interns in our expeditions who share their hands-on experiences via ship-to-shore connections with the next generation. Even while we are not at sea, explorers can dive into Nautilus Live to learn more about our expeditions, find educational resources, and marvel at new encounters.
Day 2- Session 5: Global Hotspots
Mining the Deep Ocean
Objective Capital Global Mining Investment Conference 2010
Stationers' Hall, City of London
28-29 September 2010
Speaker:
Ian Ransome - International Council on Mining & Metals
Day 2- Session 5: Global Hotspots (part 2)
Objective Capital Global Mining Investment Conference 2010
Stationers' Hall, City of London
28-29 September 2010
Speakers:
Ian Ransome - Diamond Fields International Ltd
David Hargreaves - Fair Trade Gemstomes
Glen Jones - Intierra Resource Intelligence
Exploring the Depths: The Advantages and Types of Bathymetric Surveyfalconsurveyme
Bathymetric survey drones, also known as underwater drones, are becoming an increasingly popular tool for conducting surveys of the ocean floor. These drones come in a variety of different types, each with their own unique features and capabilities.
Please Visit: https://www.falconsurveyme.com/our-services/bathymetric-survey/
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Tecnologia de Veículos de Imersão Profunda para o século XXI
1. The Deep See Vehicle Technology
in the New Century
Sima Can, Wu Yousheng, Weng Zhenping, Xu Qinan,
Hu Zhen, Ye Con, Ma Ling and Zhang Aifeng
China Ship Scientific Research Center,
China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation
1
2. Contents
1. Introduction
2. The roles and development trends of deep
submergence vehicle and equipment
technology
3. The future development of the deep
submergence vehicles and equipments
4. Concluding Remarks
2
3. 1. Introduction
The 21st century is the century of ocean.
Among land, ocean, sky and firmament,
the only treasury of resources that has not yet been
sufficiently exploited.
To reach and stay in the deep sea space,
To comprehend and recognize the globe,
To exploit and utilize the ocean resources,
To preserve and improve the ocean
Need the support of the
advanced deep
submergence vehicles
and equipments
environment.
To do the survey, measurement, investigation, test, exploration,
production, reserve, transportation and maintenance etc.
3
4. 1. Introduction
The composition of deep submergence vehicles and equipments
The deep submergence
vehicles and equipments
Manned deep
submergence Vehicles
Unmanned deep
submergence Vehicles
Assorted
Accessory Tools
ROV
ROV — the remotely operated vehicles,
4
5. 1. Introduction
The composition of deep submergence vehicles and equipments
The deep submergence
vehicles and equipments
Manned deep
submergence Vehicles
Unmanned deep
submergence Vehicles
ROV
Assorted
Accessory Tools
AUV
ROV — the remotely operated vehicles,
AUV — the autonomous underwater vehicles
5
6. 1. Introduction
The composition of deep submergence vehicles and equipments
The deep submergence
vehicles and equipments
Manned deep
submergence Vehicles
Unmanned deep
submergence Vehicles
ROV
AUV
Assorted
Accessory Tools
Glider
ROV — the remotely operated vehicles,
AUV — the autonomous underwater vehicles
Glider —
6
7. 1. Introduction
The composition of deep submergence vehicles and equipments
The deep submergence
vehicles and equipments
Manned deep
submergence Vehicles
ADS
Unmanned deep
submergence Vehicles
ROV
AUV
ADS — the atmospheric diving systems.
One man atmospheric suits (OMAS)
Assorted
Accessory Tools
Glider
Depth ≤ 450m.
7
8. 1. Introduction
The composition of deep submergence vehicles and equipments
The deep submergence
vehicles and equipments
Manned deep
submergence Vehicles
ADS
HOV
Unmanned deep
submergence Vehicles
ROV
AUV
Assorted
Accessory Tools
Glider
HOV — the human occupied (deep submergence) vehicle
Displacement ≤ 30 tons,
Working duration for each dive ≤12 hours, Max.
submerging depth 1000m ～ 11000m, Total passengers
≤ 3.
8
9. 1. Introduction
The composition of deep submergence vehicles and equipments
Examples of the famous HOVs
Nautile 6000m, France
Alvin 4500m, USA
Shinkai 6500m, Japan
Jiaolong 7000m, China
9
10. 1. Introduction
The composition of deep submergence vehicles and equipments
The deep submergence
vehicles and equipments
Manned deep
submergence Vehicles
ADS
HOV
DSSS
Unmanned deep
submergence Vehicles
ROV
AUV
Assorted
Accessory Tools
Glider
DSSS — the deep sea space station
Displacement: 200 ～ 23000 tons,
Working duration (each dive): 10 ～ 90 days ,
Max. submerging depth: 150m ～ 3000m, Total
passengers: 10 ～60 persons.
10
11. 1. Introduction
The composition of deep submergence vehicles and equipments
The deep submergence
vehicles and equipments
Manned deep
submergence Vehicles
ADS
HOV
DSSS
Unmanned deep
submergence Vehicles
ROV
AUV
Assorted
Accessory Tools
Glider
The Assorted Accessory Tools
11
12. 1. Introduction
The deep submergence vehicle and equipment technology gained great
progress during the past decades in the world.
The manned deep submergence vehicle “Jiaolong 7000” is an example of
the advanced HOVs produced recent years.
Supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China,
◆ Started the R & D of “Jiaolong 7000” — in 2002,
◆ Dived onto the seafloor of depth 7062m — in August 2012,
12
13. 1. Introduction
◆ “Jiaolong 7000” started its regular service — in June 2013
compositing of three voyages to South China Sea
and Pacific Ocean for scientific investigations.
This evidently exhibited an imported breakthrough
of the deep submergence vehicle technology
in China.
13
14. 2. The roles and development trends
of deep submergence vehicle and
equipment technology
14
15. 2. The roles and development trends of DS Vehicle Tech.
2.1 The enhancement of ocean resource exploitation requires
faster growth of deep submergence operation technology
Exploitation of ocean oil and gas resources is extending into
the deep sea during the past decades.
Fixed
Platform
Tension Leg
Platform
Spar
Platform
Semisubmersible
Platform
Semisubmersible
Platform
0
300
1980
600
900
1995
Land
1200
2000
1980s
1500
1800
2005年
2100
2400
1990s
2700
2000s, Deep/Ultra-deep
2010
15
16. 2. The roles and development trends of DS Vehicle Tech.
2.1 The enhancement of ocean resource exploitation requires
faster growth of deep submergence operation technology
The oil and gas production systems have more and more
transferred from the water surface (dry mode) to the seabed
(wet mode) to meet the challenges presented by deeper waters,
harsher environment conditions and higher costs.
SUBSEA FREQUENCY CONVERTER
& SWITCHGEAR MODULE
DOL MOTOR STARTER
MV CONNECTOR
SUBSEA TRANSFORMER
LOW POWER UNIT
CONTROL SYSTEM
HV POWER CONNECTOR, CABLE
TERMINATION & PENETRATOR
MSS FOUNDATION & STRUCTURE
HV POWER UMBILICAL
The subsea power
distribution system
The world’s first all-electric subsea production
System in the Dutch North Sea installed in 2008
16
17. 2.1 The enhancement of ocean resource exploitation requires
faster growth of deep submergence operation technology
In the future the exploitation and production systems of deep sea
oil and gas will largely be laid down on the seabed.
The vehicles and equipments for assembling, testing, operating and
maintaining etc. of these systems need to be further developed.
17
18. 2.1 The enhancement of ocean resource exploitation requires
faster growth of deep submergence operation technology
The traditional deep submergence underwater operations usually
rely on ROVs carried, released, and controlled by operators on a
surface vehicle or a platform.
To reduce the difficulties induced by
bad climate, high waves and large
depth in exploiting deep sea resources,
and in inspecting, maintaining and
repairing subsea systems by the
traditional way of operations, the great
attention has been paid by Russia,
Norway and Canada to the
investigation of DSSSs.
The present two-elements working mode by a
surface ship and a ROV
18
19. 2.1 The enhancement of ocean resource exploitation requires
faster growth of deep submergence operation technology
The corresponding researches on DSSSs in Russia
Since early 1990s, Russia has
investigated a series of nuclear
powered deep submergence DSSSs:
A 23,000 t for seafloor drilling
A 20,000 t for energy supply
A 15,000 t for shipping
A 7,000 t for production
A 1,050 t for survey
A natural gas transfer platform
19
20. 2.1 The enhancement of ocean resource exploitation requires
faster growth of deep submergence operation technology
The corresponding researches on DSSSs in Russia
A 23,000t nuclear
powered deep
submergence drilling
station
The
underwater
drilling,
subsidence
separation
and storage
20
21. 2.1 The enhancement of ocean resource exploitation requires
faster growth of deep submergence operation technology
The corresponding researches on DSSSs in Russia
A 20,000t nuclear powered
energy supply
station
Dimensions：
140×56×21m
Displacement：20000t
Power：
35MW
Depth：
50～150m
21
22. 2.1 The enhancement of ocean resource exploitation requires
faster growth of deep submergence operation technology
The corresponding researches on DSSSs in Russia
A 15,000t nuclear powered deep submergence shipping vessel
22
23. 2.1 The enhancement of ocean resource exploitation requires
faster growth of deep submergence operation technology
The corresponding researches on DSSSs in Russia
A 7,000t nuclear powered deep submergence production station,
L79.6m，B27.4m，H15.5m
Hull Diameter ：7.2/9m
Displacement:7000t
Depth: 400m，32 persons
Power 6000kW，Speed 10kn
2xROV，Diving Sys.,
Pipe repair sys., Bulldozer,
Transport container
23
24. 2.1 The enhancement of ocean resource exploitation requires
faster growth of deep submergence operation technology
The corresponding researches on DSSSs in Russia
A 1,050t nuclear powered deep submergence survey station
作业装具舱
载人潜水器
地震勘探设备
缆控作业潜器
常压潜水装具
Displacement：1,050t
Dimensions：32.3×5.2×9.2
m
Depth：600m
Speed：6.2kn
Nuclear power
Duration：60 days
Crew 8 persons ，
Researchers 4 persons.
γ射线探测装置
海底探测潜器
缆控观察潜器
24
25. 2.1 The enhancement of ocean resource exploitation requires
faster growth of deep submergence operation technology
The corresponding researches on DSSSs in Russia
A nuclear powered natural gas transfer platform
25
26. 2.1 The enhancement of ocean resource exploitation requires
faster growth of deep submergence operation technology
In Norway the schemes of a 1,600t offshore submergence workstation, an 800t
seafloor workstation and a 300t large depth submergence workstation were
proposed in 1990s.
Displacement：1600t
Dimensions：L47 m，B8.5m
Depth：
450m
Payload：
25t
Max. speed：10kn
Near floor speed：2kn
Working diameter：200nmile
underwater cruise duration ：
21days
Region： North Sea
Functions：Transport of persons, devices
and parts; underwater inspect,
maintenance and repair
26
27. 2.1 The enhancement of ocean resource exploitation requires
faster growth of deep submergence operation technology
The researches on DSSSs in Norway
The investigation of an 1,500t “Arctic Ocean submergence workstation” was
investigated for assembling and maintaining the subsea production systems
on the seafloor
was reported in 2012.
27
28. 2. The roles and development trends of DS Vehicle Tech.
2.2 The development of ocean survey and research capabilities needs the
support of advanced deep submergence vehicles
A variety number of researches on front sciences and high-technologies
have to be investigated in the deep sea
for example,
the origination of lives,
the actions of the
mid-ocean ridge
and hydrotherm,
the genes of deepsea organisms etc.
A new upsurge of researches on the earth system science has been created
since late last century in the world.
28
29. 2. The roles and development trends of DS Vehicle Tech.
2.2 The development of ocean survey and research capabilities needs the
support of advanced deep submergence vehicles
The present manned deep submergence research vehicles (HOVs) are not
enough to support the deep submergence, seafloor observation and deep
sea drilling etc. for scientific research.
due to their
short endurance,
short underwater cruise and working duration
weak energy supply
limited operating ability etc.
29
30. 2. The roles and development trends of DS Vehicle Tech.
2.2 The development of ocean survey and research capabilities needs the
support of advanced deep submergence vehicles
Comparing with the ocean surface survey vessels, JAMSTEC et.al
concluded in 2000 that the manned deep submergence vehicles would
provide major means and great potentials in the future for ocean science
research.
This is because that in controlling ROV to
operate in deep sea, a manned deep
submergence vehicle has higher efficiency
in a way of less influence from the wave
conditions and less repeated unloading and
loading of ROV from the deck of a surface
ship.
30
31. 2. The roles and development trends of DS Vehicle Tech.
2.2 The development of ocean survey and research capabilities needs the
support of advanced deep submergence vehicles
As a result, the schemes of the DSSSs of the submerging depth ranging from 500m
to 2000m, and the small HOVs of the submerging depth ranging from 4000m to
11000m were proposed in Japan.
2000m
500m
4000m
6500m
11000m
31
32. 2. The roles and development trends of DS Vehicle Tech.
2.2 The development of ocean survey and research capabilities needs the
support of advanced deep submergence vehicles
Later around 2010, supported by the national program of the civil ocean
technology development, a 6000t nuclear powered multi-function
workstation (DSSS) for deep-sea science
research was investigated
in Russia .
Displacement：5900t
Dimensions：117×15×16.2 m
Depth：400m
32
33. 2. The roles and development trends of DS Vehicle Tech.
2.3 The ocean engineering industry needs to be promoted by the innovative deep
submergence equipment technology
In the 21st century the attention of ocean technology investigations and
applications in the world are mostly focused on the problems about
resources, environment and sovereignty.
The major challenges that the ocean vehicles and equipments
encountered are about
the adaptability to extreme environment conditions,
the reliability of their functions,
the economic efficiencies when operating in deep seas.
33
34. 2. The roles and development trends of DS Vehicle Tech.
2.3 The ocean engineering industry needs to be promoted by the innovative deep
submergence equipment technology
The deep submergence vehicles and equipments embody many front
technologies:
(1) The fundamental scientific and technical problems:
extreme environment loads and dynamic responses,
loads and motions control,
fluid-structure interactions,
non-linear dynamics,
structural safety and risk analysis,
underwater operation mechanics, ……etc.
34
35. 2. The roles and development trends of DS Vehicle Tech.
2.3 The ocean engineering industry needs to be promoted by the innovative deep
submergence equipment technology
The deep submergence vehicles embody many front technologies:
(2) The key technologies:
Optimization of ultra-deep large-scale submerged structures,
Precise forming and welding of thick titanium alloy plate,
Applications of composite materials,
Condensed high energy power supply, the undersea power station, the all
electric propulsion and powering,
Long distance undersea navigation/positioning/ communication,
Deep submerged underwater connection of independent cabins,
Underwater wet-meted connection of cables,
Release and retrieval of ROV/AUV by submergence workstation,
Manipulation and control of motions, positions and attitudes of cable connected
multi- vessels,……etc.
35
36. 3. The future development of the
deep submergence vehicles and
equipments
36
37. 3. The future develop. of the deep submergence vehicles
The rapid growth of ocean oil and gas productions in 1970s and 1980s urged
the commercial applications of the unmanned submergence vehicles ROVs and
AUVs and promoted their technology maturity.
CR-01
Zhishui-1
37
38. 3. The future develop. of the deep submergence vehicles
The utilization of manned submergence vehicles has the history of more than
half a century. It is not until 1980s that the HOVs got deeper than 6000m and
gained more and more applications.
No.
1
2
Owner
State Oceanic Administration
JAMSTEC
WHOI
Country
China
Japan
USA
Max. Depth
7000m
6500m
4500m，6500m
Year
2009
1989
3
Names
Jiaolong 7000
Shinkai 6500
New Alvin
4
Consul
Russian Navy
Russia
6000m
2009
5
RUS
Russia
6000m
1999
6
Mir I, Mir II
Russia
6000m
1987
7
8
9
10
11
Nautile
Alvin
Cyana
Shinkai 2000
Pisces IV, V
Russian Navy
Russian Shirshov Institute of
Oceanology
IFREMER
WHOI
IFREMER
JAMSTEC
HURL
France
USA
France
Japan
USA
6000m
4500m
3000m
2000m
2000m
1984
1974
1969
1981
1971
12
Johnson Sea-1000
Link I ，II
HBOI
USA
1000m
1973
38
39. 3. The future develop. of the deep submergence vehicles
Along with the fast development of technologies in the fields of
material, manufacturing, artificial intelligence, hydroacoustics and
image processing etc.,
as well as the urgent needs of
cognition,
utilization,
protection
of oceans, the development of deep submergence vehicle technology
in the 21st century in China will face three important tasks.
39
40. 3. The future develop. of the deep submergence vehicles
3.1 The systematic development of manned and unmanned deep submergence
vehicles and auxiliary equipments
About 99% of the global ocean is shallower than 7000m.
Gakkel Ridge
Kolbeinsey
Grimsey
Explorer
Menez
Middle Valley
Ridge
Axial
Gwen Lucky
Escanaba Trough
Seamount
Rainbow
Strike
Endeavour
Broken Spur
TAG
Guaymas Basin
Snakepit
Logatchev
EPR 21°N
Galapagos
Rift
Southern
EPR
Foundation
Smts
ISA
Palinuro
Smt
Atlantis II Deep
Red Sea
Okinawa
Trough
Manus Basin
ISA
Brainsfield Strait
Sonne Field
Rodriguez
Triple
Mt. Jordan Junction
ISA
Mariana
Back-Arc
New Ireland
Fore-Arc
North
Fiji Basin
Lau Basin
Havre Trough
> 250 hydrothermal sites
> 50 currently actively venting
40
41. 3. The future develop. of the deep submergence vehicles
3.1 The systematic development of manned and unmanned deep submergence
vehicles and auxiliary equipments
For strengthening the ocean science & technology research in China, the first
task is to make the utmost of the existing “Jiaolong 7000” and other deep
submergence vehicles and equipments.
41
42. 3. The future develop. of the deep submergence vehicles
3.1 The systematic development of manned and unmanned deep submergence
vehicles and auxiliary equipments
The way is to improve their operation management and allocate the necessary
instruments。
Including：
the new surface
supporting vessels
a 4500m HOV
more ROVs, AUVs,
gliders
the corresponding
accessory tools.
— To achieve a more efficient, more reliable and more complete system and
capacity of deep submergence operations.
42
43. 3. The future develop. of the deep submergence vehicles
3.1 The systematic development of manned and unmanned deep submergence
vehicles and auxiliary equipments
— To achieve a more efficient, more reliable and more complete system and
capacity of deep submergence operations.
4500～7000m ROV
4500m AUV
Gliders
4500m HOV
Tows
500m ADS
accessory tools
4500m HOV
43
44. 3. The future develop. of the deep submergence vehicles
3.2 The preferential development of deep sea space station
It could be expected that in many years to come the ocean energy and resource
exploitations and other ocean utilization activities will be carried out mostly in
the sea shallower than 3000m.
Chemical
sensing
Submergence
operation
Hydrotherm
sampling
Seafloor
observation
Ocean survey
44
45. 3. The future develop. of the deep submergence vehicles
3.2 The preferential development of deep sea space station
The second task is to enhance the effort and capability of building and utilizing
the DSSSs.
DSSSs are potent instruments of ocean exploitation and exploration projection.
A DSSS may
avoid the influence of harsh wave and wind conditions on
water surface,
several or several tens of operators, scientists and engineers
traveling or staying underwater in the depth of 900m～3000m
working duration 15 to 90 days.
45
46. 3. The future develop. of the deep submergence vehicles
3.2 The preferential development of deep sea space station
Comparing with the existing HOVs, the DSSSs have several distinguishing
features:
The first — do not chase large diving depth, usually no more than 3000m, but
pursue longer traveling endurance, wider working extent, heavier payload and
greater power supply.
The second — can carry out long-period, high-efficiency ocean resource
exploitations and deep sea in-site investigations.
The third — not only can float in the depth up to 1000～3000m, and also can
release and control one or more ROVs and AUVs to even deeper places for
science and engineering purposes..
46
47. 3. The future develop. of the deep submergence vehicles
3.2 The preferential development of deep sea space station
Since 2001 China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation (CSIC)
investigations on the key technologies of DSSSs.
started
China Ship Scientific Research Center (CSSRC) proposed in 2008
a nuclear powered multi-function (survey and operation) DSSS.
Displacement 2600t, Maxi.
depth 1000m.
The onboard physical, chemical and biological transducers and measuring
instruments.
carrying and controlling 1 AUV, 1 underwater crane, 2 ROVs, and other
electromechanical devices.
47
48. 3. The future develop. of the deep submergence vehicles
3.2 The preferential development of deep sea space station
The multi-function (survey and operation) DSSS proposed by CSSRC.
Displacement: 2600 tons
Working depth:
1000m (High strength steel)
3000m (Titanium)
Max. crew & passengers: 45
Self-sustaining duration: 60 days
underwater cruise duration:
30 days
Max. underwater speed: 12 kn
cruise speed: 6～8 kn
48
49. 3. The future develop. of the deep submergence vehicles
3.2 The preferential development of deep sea space station
The key technologies and the important research subjects:
the emergency detaching and escaping,
the interactions of float-state-operating bodies,
the habitability and life insurance,
the tools and devices for deep submerged operations etc.
Model
tests
High strength
materials and
applications
Structure
Structural
tests
optimizations
Float-state
operation
49
50. 3. The future develop. of the deep submergence vehicles
3.3 Investigation of ultra-deep submergence vehicles
The ultra-deep regions of the ocean that are deeper than 7000m cover no
more than 1% of the global ocean area.
The third task is to develop the technologies of the ultra-deep submergence
vehicles and the accessory equipments for operating especially in these
regions in the depth from 7000m to 11000m in an adequately future time.
J. Piccard and D. Walsh at the beginning of 1960
dived down to the Mariana Trench at the depth of 10913m.
taking the “Trieste” manned deep submergence vehicle.
unable at that time to do the deep-ocean explorations.
marked a milestone of mankind in challenging the extreme water depth.
50
51. 3. The future develop. of the deep submergence vehicles
3.3 Investigation of ultra-deep submergence vehicles
The development of working-type ultra-deep vehicles require the
technologies:
the safety and reliability of ultra-deep submerged structures,
the ultra-high-pressure-resistant and low-specific-gravity buoyancy materials
the integrated hydraulic pumping devices and thrusters
the high-pressure watertight cables and connectors
the ultra-high-pressure-resistant acoustic and optic devices
the integrated design and optimization
the information transfer in ultra-deep water
etc.
51
53. 4. Concluding Remarks
For sustainable development of the global economy and the human society
in the 21st century the mankind has to largely devote their efforts to
understand, utilize and protect the ocean.
The deep sea science research will bring to ever brilliant light of knowledge
about the earth and the lives.
The exploitations of deep sea resources and the managements of ocean
environment are even urgent tasks for the present world.
The deep submergence vehicles and equipments will play more and more
important roles in this century.
The technology development in this field is speeding up. It should be
recognized that traveling and operating in the deep sea is no less difficult,
valuable, important and great than the aerospace missions.
53
