The document discusses various topics related to energy, including: - Definitions of energy and different types of energy like mechanical, electrical, chemical, nuclear, and thermal energy. - Sources of energy classified as renewable (hydraulic, solar, wind, marine, geothermal, biomass) and non-renewable (coal, petroleum, natural gas). - Environmental impacts of obtaining and using different energy sources like increased greenhouse effect, acid rain, oil spills, nuclear waste, rising water temperatures, and atmospheric pollution. - Different power stations that obtain energy including solar, nuclear, geothermal, and wind farms. Advantages and disadvantages of each are mentioned.

1. ENERGY
W o r k r e a lic e d
b y:
Abra há n
C ha c ó n B a tre s
( N º 10 ) 2 º A

2. E n e r g y d e f in it io n
Typ e s o f e n e r g y
E ne rg y s ourc e s
R e n e w a b le a n d n o n
r e n e w a b le e n e r g y
s ourc e s
E n v ir o n m e n t a l im p a c t
E n e r g y p o w e r s t a t io n s

3. E n e r g y D e f in it io n
Definition: Energy is the
capacity of a physical
system to perform work.
Energy exists in several
forms such as heat,
kinetic or mechanical
energy, light, potential
energy, electrical, or
other forms.

4. Typ e s o f e n e r g y
E le c t r ic a l e n e r g y
E le c t r o m a g n e t ic e n e r g y
S ound e ne rg y
M e c h a n ic a l e n e r g y
C h e m ic a l e n e r g y
N u c le a r e n e r g y
T h e r m a l o r c a lo r if ic e n e r g y

5. M e c h a n ic a l e n e r g y
Kinetic energy: is the energy that objects obtain
when they are in motion.
Potential energy: is the energy that objects have
when they change their position of equilibrium.

6. E le c t r ic a l e n e r g y
It is the energy
associated with an
electric current. It
happens in objects
that are connected to
a suply of electricity.

7. E le c t r o m a g n e t ic
e ne rg y
It is transported
through
electromagnetic
waves. A type of
electromagnetic
energy is luminous
energy that comes
from the sun or from
artificial lights.

8. S ound e ne rg y
It is transmitted through
sound waves that are
also transmited
through vibrations of
matter.

9. Chemical Energy
It is found in subtances.
It can be released or
absorbed during
chemical processes.

10. N u c le a r e n e r g y
It is released during
nuclear reactions. It is
contained in the
nuclei of the atoms.

11. T h e r m a l o r c a lo r if ic
e ne rg y
It comes from the
vibration of the
particles in matter.
Temperature
measures the
thermal energy of
each singular object.

12. Energy sources
Non-renewable energy sources:
Coal
Petroleum
Natural gas
World reserves of fossil fuels
Renewable energy sources:
Hydraulic
Solar
Wind
Marine, Geothermal, Biomass, Municipal solid waste

13. Non-renewable energy sources
Non-renewable energy
sources are natural
natural resources
which cannot be used
more than two times,
as in the following
examples:

14. COAL
Coal was formed some 300
millions years ago from the
remains of plants that were
buried and transformed in the
absence of oxygen. There
are two forms of extracting
coal:
Open coast mine: It happens
when the coal is close to the
surface.
Underground mine: It happens
when the mineral is buried
deep below the surface.

15. PETROLEUM
Petroleum is formed by the
buried remains of plants and
animals that have
decomposed because of
bacterial action. There are
two ways of transport of
petroleum:
Oil tankers are specialised
ships designed for
intercontinental transport.
Oil pipelines are enormous
steel pipes.

16. NATURAL GAS
Natural gas is a mixture
of gases formed from
decomposed plants
and animals. It
contains 70% of
methane. It is found
in underground gas
fields and in porous
rocks.

17. WORLD RESERVES OF FOSSIL
FUELS
The world´s petroleum reserves are located in the
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and in the
USA, Russia, China and Norway.
Natural gas are in Russia, the USA, UK, and Algeria.
Coal are in the USA, China and Australia.

18. Renewable energy sources
Renewable energy
sources are sources
that comes from
natural resources
such as sunlight,
wind, water, tides,
which can be used
many times.

19. HYDRAULIC and SOLAR
Hydraulic energy: it is the Solar energy: it is produced by
energy produced by the thermonuclear radiation from
movement of water. Its inside the sun. It can be used
potential energy is in various ways:
transformed into kinetic
- To produced hot water by
energy, and the kinetic
using flat solar thermal
energy moves turbines,
collectors.
which rotate an alternator.
The alternator transforms - To generate electrical energy
kinetic energy into electricity. using solar panels
- To produced electrical energy
in heliostat fields.

20. WIND and MARINE
Wind energy: it is produced by
the effect of radiation on the Marine energy: it is the
atmosphere. The different energy produced in water.
temperatures in the Depending on where it comes
atmosphere causes the air the energy can be:
movement. Consequently,
the blades of a wind turbine -Tides energy
are moved, and these -Wave energy
transform kinetic energy into
electricity. - Ocean thermal energy.

21. GEOTHERMAL and BIOMASS
Geothermal energy: it comes Biomass: this type of energy
from the heat stored in the is produced from the plant
earth crust. It appears remains, in forests and
naturally, such as geysers agricultural waste
and volcanic eruptions. (sunflowers, beetroot...) It
producesses electricity and
fuels (charcoal, biogas,
biodiesel and alcohol).

22. MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
The incineration of
municipal solid waste
can be tranform into
electrical or thermal
energy.

23. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Increased greenhouse effect
Acid rain
Oil spills
Nuclear waste
Rising water temperature
Atmospheric pollution

24. Increased greenhouse effect: it occurs because the increase of
carbon dioxide in the atmosphere traps the sun´s rays, so the earth´s
temperature increases, this affects to the poles wich are melting.
Acid rain: is caused by burning coal and petroleum, when these fuels
are burnt its produced sulphur that with water vapour produce acids.
Oil spills: it happens when petroleum accidently mixed with water, they
are harmful to marine and coastal ecosystems.
Nuclear waste: it must be stored in places extremely safe, like nuclear
power stations because is dangerous for all living beings.
Rising water temperature: is the proccess that thermal power stations
make in order to increase water temperature in rivers. This have a
negative effect on the animals and plants that live in there.
Atmospheric pollution: are the particles in suspension (heavy metals
and gases) that are in the atmosphere.

26. Solar power stations
Solar power stations:
They consist of a set of
normally concentration
collectors parabolic-
cylindrical shape to promote
efficient absorption of solar
radiation. The problem is that
solar energy can not be
stored.

27. Nuclear power stations
A nuclear power station is a
plant in which the boiler acts
as a nuclear reactor. The
thermal energy is caused by
nuclear fission reactions in
nuclear fuel composed of an
uranium compound.

28. Geothermal power stations
This consists of a penetration to
great depths on the crust (5
km), in order to obtain a
minimum temperature of 150º
C, and in which are introduced
two tubes in a closed circuit in
different contact with the heat
source. First, the water that
enters is cold, but when the
water raises outside it
becomes hot. This water
moves a turbine that produce
electric energy.

29. Wind farms
Wind farms are places where
energy is transformed into
electrical energy by wind
turbines. It is necessary that
in areas that are installed
wind farms, wind reaches a
minimum speed of 12km/h
and a top speed of 65 km/h
maximum time possible to
make the instalation as
efficient as possible.

30. OPINION ABOUT WIND TURBINES
In my opinion I think that is a great advance the
creation of WMS1000. As Janin said, now the
price is prohibited that only cities with a very high
economic power can afford. Also the instalation
of this machine depends on the place that you
located “if you think of Indonesia, it has thousands
of islands and they cannot centralize their water
suply... the geographic makeup of the country
makes it possible,” said Janin.