This document provides information about raster and vector images. It discusses the key differences between raster and vector images. Raster images are made up of grids of pixels that can lose quality when enlarged, while vector images use mathematical equations and can scale to any size without quality loss. It also covers related topics like image file formats, color models, resolution, and anti-aliasing techniques.

1. BTec Level 3
Extended Diploma in Creative Media Production
HA1 - Technical File – Emily Davis
Raster and Vector Images

2. BTec Level 3
Extended Diploma in Creative Media Production
Ras ter Images
In com p u te r grap h ics a ras te r grap h ics im age or b itm ap , is a d ata
s tru ctu re re p re s e nting a ge ne rally re ctangle grid of p ixe ls or p oints of
colou r vie wab le via a m onitor, p ap e r, or oth e r d is p lay m e d iu m . R as te r
im age s are s tore d in im age file s with varying form ats . Th e p rinting and
p re p re s s ind u s trie s know ras te r grap h ics as contones .
R as te r grap h ics are re s olu tion d e p e nd e nt. Th e y cannot s cale u p to an
arb itrary re s olu tion with ou t los s of qu ality. Th is p rop e rty contras ts with th e
cap ab ilitie s of ve ctor grap h ics , wh ich e as ily s cale u p to th e qu ality of th e
d e vice re nd e ring th e m . R as te r-b as e d im age e d itors , s u ch as P ainte r,
P h otos h op , M S P aint, an d G IM P , re volve arou nd e d iting p ixe ls , u nlike
ve ctor-b as e d im age . A ras te r im age e d itor works b y m anip u lating e ach The smiley face in the top left corner is
ind ivid u al p ixe l, wh e re as m os t p ixe l-b as e d im age e d ito rs work u s ing th e a bitmap image. When enlarged,
R G B colou r m od e l, b u t s om e als o allow th e u s e of oth e r colou r m od e ls individual pixels appear as squares.
Zooming in further, they can be
s u ch as th e C M YK colou r m od e l. analyzed, with their colours constructed
Th e ras te r im age take s a wid e varie ty o f form ats , inclu d ing th e fam iliar by adding the values for red, green and
.gif, .j g, and .b m p . Th e p ixe ls form p oints of co lou r wh ich cre ate an
p blue.
ove rall finis h e d im age . Wh e n a ras te r im age is vie we d , th e p ixe ls u s u ally
s m ooth ou t vis u ally for th e u s e r, wh o s e e s a p h otograp h o r d rawing.
D e p e nd ing on re s olu tion, s om e ras te r im age s can b e e nlarge d to ve ry
large s ize s , wh ile oth e rs qu ickly b e com e d ifficu lt to s e e . Th e s m alle r th e
re s olu tion, th e s m alle r th e d igital im age file .

3. Vec tor Images
Ve ctor grap h ics is th e u s e of ge om e trical p rim itive s s u ch as
p oints , line s , cu rve s , and s h ap e s or p olygon(s ) wh ich are
all b as e d on m ath e m atical e qu ations , to re p re s e nt im age s
in com p u te r grap h ics .
Ve ctor grap h ics is th e re p re s e ntation of im age s as an array of
p ixe ls , as is typ ically u s e d for th e re p re s e ntation of
p h otograp h ic im age s . Ve ctor grap h ics are s tore d as
m ath e m atical e xp re s s ions as op p os e d to b it m ap p e d
grap h ics wh ich are s tore d as a s e rie s of m ap p e d d ots ,
als o known as p ixe ls . A ve ctor grap h ics p rogram u s e s
th e s e m ath e m atical form u las to cons tru ct th e s cre e n
im age , b u ild ing th e b e s t qu ality im age p os s ib le , give n th e
s cre e n re s olu tion. Th e m ath e m atical form u las d e te rm ine
wh e re th e p ixe ls th at m ake u p th e im age s h ou ld b e p lace d
for th e b e s t re s u lts wh e n d is p laying th e im age . S ince
th e s e form u las can p rod u ce an im age s calab le to any s ize
and d e tail, th e qu ality of th e im age is lim ite d only b y th e
re s olu tion of th e d is p lay, and th e file s ize of ve ctor d ata
ge ne rating th e im age s tays th e s am e . P rinting th e im age
to p ap e r will give a s h arp e r, h igh e r re s olu tion ou tp u t th an
p rinting it to th e s cre e n b u t can u s e e xactly th e s am e
ve ctor d ata file .

4. BTec Level 3
Extended Diploma in Creative Media Production
HA1 - Technical File – Raster and Vector Images
Anti alias ing
or s om e tim e s known as anti-al iasing, re fe rs to
m e th od s of e lim inating or re d u cing th e s e u nwante d
arte facts . In th e conte xt of ras te r im age s , anti alias ing
re fe rs to th e re d u ction of th e jagge d b ord e rs b e twe e n Here is a s imple image that is s till
colou rs . In th e conte xt of ve ctor im age s complex enough to s how jaggies t
when rendered. This is even more
noticeable in the detail image.
Anti-Alias ing is a te rm u s e d lots wh e n s e lling
grap h ics card s . It is a m e th od of fooling th e e ye
th at a j agge d e d ge is re ally s m ooth and is ofte n
re fe rre d in gam e s . M onitors are cap ab le of
p rod u cing ne arly p e rfe ct s traigh t line s e ith e r
h orizontally or ve rtically, b u t wh e n it com e s to
d iagonal line s of any angle you r m onitor is not
cap ab le of p rod u cing a line with ou t s om e
jagge d e d ge . Th is is b e cau s e you r s cre e n is
m ad e u p of p ixe ls in a grid form ation, s o th is is
wh e re anti alias e d com e s in.

5. Resolution
Image resolution is measured in picture elements which are called pixels.
Basically resolution quantifies how close lines can be to each other and
still be visibly resolved. Resolution is sometimes identified by the width
and height of the image as well as the total number of pixels in the image.
A computer screen is most probably set at a particular resolution as well
because the larger the screen, the larger you likely have your screen
resolution set.
It makes the images edges allot
smoother rather than jagged and
look unfinished. Just like in this
example pictures the higher the
ppi the better the resolution of
the image.

6. Aspect Ratio
Aspect ratio is a measurement of the
proportion of your image. The largest
side divided by the smallest side of
your image will give you your aspect
ratio. Its like if you have a photograph
and you want to give it a perfect crop
on either side, or if you want to
squash the top of the picture then
you change the aspect ratio on either
side to get the exact part of the
picture you want cut out. All you can
do with aspect ratio is drag either one
of the sides of the picture you want. It
is the width and height of a shape.
You can calculate the image
dimension in pixels for the total
number of aspect ratio for a picture or
anything you want to crop.

7. Gif - Graphics Interchange Format
It allows a single image to move weather its real picture or animation.
It can be moving or animated its used and very good for simple graphics which don't much detail. GIF uses the
2D raster images. One version of a gif allows a short sequence of images within a single GIF file.
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JPEG is an image file and is a popular way to compress and change word or excel sheets to see it as just an
image. Both GIFs and JPEGs are the two most popular forms of image compression used on web sites.
Research has indicated JPEG is currently the most popular form of image compression used on the World
Wide Web.
Tiff - Tagged Image File Format
Its popular among graphic artists, the publishing industry. They are used for storing very large and high quality
images. This file format is used for manipulation programs, desktop publishing and 3-D imaging. Other things
that use TIFF is optical recognition software and scanning and faxing applications.
Eps - Encapsulated PostScript
This is a standard graphics file format for exchanging images, drawings like logos or maps, or even layouts of
complete pages. An EPS file can contain any combination of text, graphics and images. Since it is actually a
PostScript file, it is one of the most versatile file formats that are available. The files usually contain a small
preview image that is used to visualize the content of the file.
PSD - Photoshop Document
A PSD file stores an image with support for most imaging options available in Photoshop, which include layers,
transparency, text, alpha channels and spot colours and clipping paths.
PDF - Portable Document Format
This file format is developed by Adobe Systems. It captures formatting information from a variety of desktop
publishing applications making it possible to send formatted documents and have them appear on the a
monitor or printer as they are meant to look and be.

8. Colour Models
A colour model is an orderly system for creating a whole range of colours from
a small set of primary colours. There are two types of colour models, those
that are subtractive and those that are additive. Additive colour models use
light to display colour while subtractive models use printing inks.
There are several established colour models used in computer graphics, but
the two most common are the RGB model Red-Green-Blue for computer
display and the CMYK model which is Cyan-Magenta-Yellow-black which is for
printing.
Since additive colour models display colour as a result of light being
transmitted the total absence of light would be perceived as black. Subtractive
colour models display colour as a result of light being absorbed by the printing
inks. As more ink is added, less and less light is reflected. Where there is a
total absence of ink the resulting light being reflected from a white surface
would be perceived as white.

9. Adobe Photoshop
Its a photo editing software, it can be used to manipulate photographs and to create
images that improve reality/real images. People use it for their own photos or for
professional uses if they need it for models.
There are four sections:
Photoshop's toolbox, including the Options Palette settings for each tool
The menu commands - including every item of every dialog
The floating palettes - including the function that each palette provides as well as the
ramifications of every value and palette submenu
Its full of ways to make photos you already have look completely different by changing
all the effects colours, you make a picture look like two separate ones when your
finished.

10. Adobe Illustrator
One of the main features of illustrator is to allow you to add effects and
create complex designs with text. It helps you make anything by just drawing
a shape then manipulating it into a logo. It lets you combine shapes and
graphics to create anything you want to. Its one of the main adobe
software's next to Photoshop because of the skills you can do on it.
The main things that you can learn and do are:
•Create simple and freeform shapes
•Create logos using simple shapes and custom paths
•Enhance logo text
•Manipulate body text
•Create an advertisement

11. Adobe InDesign
It is used for making any document that needs some creative layout. It
can help make posters, newspapers, flyers and magazines look more
interesting and creative to make them more memorable or appealing. It
offers all kinds of features to modify your text and images, which work
together to help you create a unique and professional design.
When it comes to web design and development, Adobe Indesign is one
of the best programs to use. There are plenty of walk through
instructions and videos and loads of tools to use and skills to learn so
you can be creative and make loads of things for business or just fun.