DigiDesk is a proposed one-stop solution that uses blockchain technology to streamline business compliance and regulatory processes in Bangladesh. It aims to address issues with the current fragmented system by allowing businesses to formalize in a coordinated way through nodes representing key government agencies. This is intended to improve trust, reduce costs and barriers, and attract more investment. The solution would use Hyperledger Fabric and other technologies to securely share verified information among businesses, agencies, and financial institutions in a private, permissioned blockchain network.
SHORT-CHANNEL EFFECTS
A MOSFET is considered to be short when the channel length ‘L’ is the same order of magnitude as the depletion-layer widths (xdD, xdS). The potential distribution in the channel now depends upon both, transverse field Ex, due to gate bias and also on the longitudinal field Ey, due to drain bias When the Gate channel length <<1 m, short channel effect becomes important .
This leads to many
undesirable effects in MOSFET.
The short-channel effects are attributed to two physical phenomena:
A) The limitation imposed on electron drift characteristics in the channel,
B) The modification of the threshold voltage due to the shortening channel length.
In particular five different short-channel effects can be distinguished:
1. Drain-induced barrier lowering and “Punch through”
2. Surface scattering
3. Velocity saturation
4. Impact ionization
5. Hot electrons
Digital bangladesh and application of MIS in ITRafid Anjum
This is about the application of Management Information system on Information Technology to make the 7th Five Year Plan successful and achieve the vision 21 appropriately. Which is set through the Digital Bangladesh by 2021 challenge.
Optimizing I/O’s and ESD protection to reduce power consumption in SOI applic...Sofics
Sofics presentation at the virtual event about FD-SOI, organized by Design&Reuse the day before DATE 2020.
Optimizing I/O’s and ESD protection to reduce power consumption in SOI applications
Sofics' CTO, Benjamin Van Camp explains the different sources for leakage by ESD devices, specifically targeted on SOI applications. He used experimental data from several SOI projects
A small and very brief Powerpoint presentation of 15 slides, which will lead you to the Rank of India in Information Technology across the whole globe. It's a request not to get into plagiarism. Do not own it, you can only amend it and use as a reference to make your powerpoint.
THE SMES IN 2020: B2B PAYMENTS, DATA PRIVACY AMONG MAJOR PROBLEMS TO STAY IN ...VARUN KESAVAN
Several B2B payments and lending companies, over the last one year, emerged with solutions around banking, expense management, accounting/book-keeping, and Accounts Payable/Accounts Receivable (AP/AR) automation.
Slowly, but steadily, businesses are adopting software-as-a-service (SaaS) tools to manage their businesses better and move towards real digitisation away from manual and clunky processes to more elegant and friction-free processes.
Investors have taken notice of this opportunity in the B2B space and have stepped up their investments. A recent report by Venture Intelligence said that B2B fintech has secured $657 million in India so far this year, compared to $617 million by B2C fintech. Keeping this business payments transformation in mind, here are the top five topics that will be in the limelight in 2020:
The "India Digital SME Credit Report 2023," a collaboration between GetVantage and Redseer Strategy Consultants, reveals that a significant credit deficit of approximately $220 billion is impeding the economic progress of digitized businesses. Despite an infusion of $53 billion in FY22 and an estimated $165 billion being serviceable after accounting for unviable businesses, the current working capital deficit remains at $112 billion. The report predicts that the demand for credit will surpass $570 billion in the next five years as the number of digital SMEs doubles. This deficit hampers innovation, job creation, scaling, and efficiency building among new-economy businesses. The report underscores the crucial role of alternative financing platforms, such as revenue-based financing, in addressing this gap and fostering economic growth.
SHORT-CHANNEL EFFECTS
A MOSFET is considered to be short when the channel length ‘L’ is the same order of magnitude as the depletion-layer widths (xdD, xdS). The potential distribution in the channel now depends upon both, transverse field Ex, due to gate bias and also on the longitudinal field Ey, due to drain bias When the Gate channel length <<1 m, short channel effect becomes important .
This leads to many
undesirable effects in MOSFET.
The short-channel effects are attributed to two physical phenomena:
A) The limitation imposed on electron drift characteristics in the channel,
B) The modification of the threshold voltage due to the shortening channel length.
In particular five different short-channel effects can be distinguished:
1. Drain-induced barrier lowering and “Punch through”
2. Surface scattering
3. Velocity saturation
4. Impact ionization
5. Hot electrons
Digital bangladesh and application of MIS in ITRafid Anjum
This is about the application of Management Information system on Information Technology to make the 7th Five Year Plan successful and achieve the vision 21 appropriately. Which is set through the Digital Bangladesh by 2021 challenge.
Optimizing I/O’s and ESD protection to reduce power consumption in SOI applic...Sofics
Sofics presentation at the virtual event about FD-SOI, organized by Design&Reuse the day before DATE 2020.
Optimizing I/O’s and ESD protection to reduce power consumption in SOI applications
Sofics' CTO, Benjamin Van Camp explains the different sources for leakage by ESD devices, specifically targeted on SOI applications. He used experimental data from several SOI projects
A small and very brief Powerpoint presentation of 15 slides, which will lead you to the Rank of India in Information Technology across the whole globe. It's a request not to get into plagiarism. Do not own it, you can only amend it and use as a reference to make your powerpoint.
THE SMES IN 2020: B2B PAYMENTS, DATA PRIVACY AMONG MAJOR PROBLEMS TO STAY IN ...VARUN KESAVAN
Several B2B payments and lending companies, over the last one year, emerged with solutions around banking, expense management, accounting/book-keeping, and Accounts Payable/Accounts Receivable (AP/AR) automation.
Slowly, but steadily, businesses are adopting software-as-a-service (SaaS) tools to manage their businesses better and move towards real digitisation away from manual and clunky processes to more elegant and friction-free processes.
Investors have taken notice of this opportunity in the B2B space and have stepped up their investments. A recent report by Venture Intelligence said that B2B fintech has secured $657 million in India so far this year, compared to $617 million by B2C fintech. Keeping this business payments transformation in mind, here are the top five topics that will be in the limelight in 2020:
The "India Digital SME Credit Report 2023," a collaboration between GetVantage and Redseer Strategy Consultants, reveals that a significant credit deficit of approximately $220 billion is impeding the economic progress of digitized businesses. Despite an infusion of $53 billion in FY22 and an estimated $165 billion being serviceable after accounting for unviable businesses, the current working capital deficit remains at $112 billion. The report predicts that the demand for credit will surpass $570 billion in the next five years as the number of digital SMEs doubles. This deficit hampers innovation, job creation, scaling, and efficiency building among new-economy businesses. The report underscores the crucial role of alternative financing platforms, such as revenue-based financing, in addressing this gap and fostering economic growth.
LightCastle Partners - Digital Commerce in Bangladesh : Policies & PossibilitiesLightCastle Partners
Despite the pandemic, Bangladesh, till Sep 2020, has clocked a GDP growth rate of 5.2% (ADB, 2020) - one of the highest in Asia.
Digital transactions are growing faster than ever. The first three quarters of 2020 saw a total od USD 65 billion+ digital transactions, where 72% of the transactions were dominated by MFS banking. With 96 million registered MFS users and USD 202 million daily MFS transactions, digital transactions can unlock new potentials of the digital commerce industry.
The eCommerce market (including f-commerce) has grown at a steady pace to USD 2.1 billion in 2020. The market holds the potential to become USD 3 billion by 2023 and can create around five lakh jobs in digital commerce industry.
Can the Digital Commerce Industry become a critical driving force of the future economy of Bangladesh?
LightCastle Partners presents "Digital Commerce in Bangladesh: Policies & Possibilities"
Score card template for MSME lending with objective to create automatic underwriting engine using flow based lending framework. Data points can e taken from various sources like GST portal, Account statement, UPI, India stack, Bharat bill payment, Digilocker to create robust underwriting engine.
Startupbootcamp FinTech India Trends Report 2017Kanish96
The FinTech ecosystem in India has evolved significantly since its emergence and has witnessed a shift from its traditionally competitive nature to a more collaborative one, where both startups and incumbents are looking for growth through partnerships.
Digital lending is quickly growing among the 'thin file' borrowers i.e. the borrowers with no or negligible credit history. These borrowers can be both consumers or businesses.
But, in recent months the digital lenders are struggling with liquidity crises due to the pandemic. As RBI extended loan moratorium to borrowers, the Digital Lenders are in a catch-22 situation. While their borrowers expect them to extend the moratorium, financial institutions they borrow from (Banks and large NBFCs) are either refusing to or delaying to extend the moratorium to the digital lenders. digital lenders Association of India (DLAI) has already approached the RBI to get the moratorium benefits.
It is quite expected that many digital lenders (especially ones with weaker balance sheets) will not survive not only because of the liquidity crisis but also exposure to less creditworthy borrowers who are often small businesses and less creditworthy individuals. The economic repercussions of the lockdown may leave many of the borrowers unable to repay as small businesses shut down and people lose employment.
Although, the lockdowns have caused rapid digital adoption which is beneficial for the industry in the long-term. This indicates that the industry is expected to go through a lot of consolidation as cash strapped players look to be acquired to get some exit.
Let us understand this industry.
PwC and Startupbootcamp are stationed at the heart of the FinTech ecosystem in India.
Startupbootcamp scouts for and supports promising, early-stage startups in the country, while
PwC advises a wide-range of corporate and institutional clients on leading FinTech issues. For its
first program in India, Startupbootcamp FinTech analysed more than 1000 startups from across
the world. Through ‘FastTrack events’ / roadshows in 18 cities, we were also able to gain valuable
insights that helped us better understand the FinTech landscape as it stands today. On the other
hand, PwC consults clients of all levels in BFSI - from large Financial Service Organisations to
FinTech companies. This combined vantage point provides a unique view of the emerging trends
in the FinTech space, particularly in India. This report aims to provide key insights into the
evolution of the FinTech sector in India by utilizing PwC’s intelligence and experience in this area
as well as insights from Startupbootcamp’s application data from its first program in India
Collaboration as a new way to win the FinTech marketBinar Academy
You will learn about how the business landscape is shifting in the banking industry that enhances collaboration over competition market.
Want to know more?
info@binar.co.id
Prospective factors to involve in different e business models in bangladeshRizwan Rebate
Many Bangladeshi companies currently distribute their images through the Internet to clients all over the world, but the monetary transactions take place through conventional means. Some companies put messages on bulletin board, on ' internet yellow pages' with email links, and sometimes web pages, but there never is a place to submit a credit card. This is because currently the government does not permit credit card charges over the internet. However, the ISPs in Bangladesh do have the technology for e-business, e-business and are anticipating governmental approval in near future. In this circumstances, prospective factors will gain advantages for companies before involving in e-business. We have identified few questions to be answered-
1) What are different e-business models in Bangladesh?
2) What are the benefits behind involving in e-business in Bangladesh?
3) What are the prospects in current e-business models in Bangladesh?
A summary overview of the fintech landscape in Bangladesh. We first take a look at the global history of fintechs, then the history of fintechs in Bangladesh.
Using the Financial Hub Readiness (FHR) Index that I personally developed, I identified and assessed the strengths and weaknesses of various global fintech hubs. Based on this assessment, I proposed a hypothetical P2P lending and funding transfer product, that can be financed and implemented by major technological players in the ecosystem.
This project was done to fulfill my requirement for the Internship course, for my BBA undergraduate program at Institute of Business Administration, University of Dhaka. This was the first time I had to work alone on an academic project of this magnitude. I am very satisfied with how it turned out, given the limited time and resources I had to execute it.
Special thanks to all of my colleagues, peers and friends who advised me, in both professional and emotional capacities, when I was working on this project.
This is the basic pitch book of one company in the investment bank which I've been currently working on that
If you'd like to exchange ideas and communicate more
welcome to contact me at my wechat number 13120198511 or through my INS:fecilia.du
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
FIDO Alliance Osaka Seminar: Passkeys and the Road Ahead.pdf
Team Rocket, International Blockchain Olympiad 2021, Whitepaper
1. A one-stop solution of all compliance and regulatory activities for businesses
Since independence, Bangladesh has changed its fate and is on its way, to become the 23rd
largest economy by 2050. But to reach there, it must first address its inefficient and
complicated business environment where businesses face a fragmented, inconvenient, and
distrusted process for executing compliance and regulatory activities. DigiDesk is a one-stop
solution of all compliance and regulatory activities for businesses. It is a private,
permissioned blockchain platform which brings together RJSC, NBR, City Corporation, BIDA
through different nodes to streamline the process of formalizing a business in Bangladesh,
while enhancing collaboration and building trust. By doing so it can improve Bangladesh’s
inflow of FDI, formalize its economy, verify, and protect information, and reduce its NPL
and bureaucracy. The architecture is constituted of Hyperledger Fabric, mongoDB, Firebase
Authentication, NodeJS, Kubernetes, Tailwind CSS, and ReactJS. Such features ensure
coordination, trust-building, immutability, security, and privacy among its users. This is a
solution that will not only create value for enterprises, but also help the government attain
SDG goals, realize the dream of ‘Digital Bangladesh’, bring down agency costs and ease
doing business in the country.
2. 2
Team Rocket - DigiDesk
1. Problem and Solution
1.1 Economic Trajectory of Bangladesh
Termed as a ‘bottomless basket’ with a GDP growth rate of -14% in 1971 and high levels of poverty, Bangladesh
has changed its fate in its 50 years of persistence and glory. In recent times, it has gained the lower middle-
income country status, reduced the population growth rate to 1.2%, and maintained a steady growth rate over
7%. Even during the times of Covid-19, it was able to escape a contraction in 2020 and posted the highest GDP
growth (5.2%) in Asia in 2020. With high growth rates and a thriving working populace, it is on its way to
become the 28th and 23rd largest economy by 2030 and 2050, respectively, from its 43rd position (pwc, 2018).
But to achieve that, it must first improve its current business environment riddled with many complications
and limitations in compliance and regulatory activities of businesses.
1.2 Overview of the Business Environment of Bangladesh
According to the World Bank Ease of Doing Business Index 2020, Bangladesh is ranked 168th
out of 190
economies. Specifically in the aspects of starting a business and getting credit, Bangladesh performs poorly
compared to its regional counterparts, which presents the need for a more competitive business environment.
Economy Global Rank
Starting a
Business
Getting
Credit
Starting a Business
China 31 27 80 Required Time 19 days
India 63 136 25 Incurred Cost 12,670 BDT
Vietnam 70 115 25 No. of Stakeholders 5
Sri Lanka 99 85 132 Global Position 131
Pakistan 108 72 119
Bangladesh 168 131 119
Source: Ease of Doing Business 2020, World Bank
In the current environment, when an enterprise wants to formalize its business for getting credit, it is
mandatory to have the following legal certificates:
• Incorporation certificate from RJSC (Registrar of Joint Stock Companies) if it’s a company
• eTIN (Tax Identification Number) from NBR (National Board of Revenue)
• Trade license from City Corporation (CC)
• BIN (Business Identification Number) to register for VAT from NBR
However, the current process of starting a business and getting bank loans (illustrated in Appendix B) leads to
loss of a substantial amount of time, incurring high amounts of cost, as businesses go through an
uncoordinated and complicated system for relevant regulatory and compliance steps.
On the other hand, for the bank/financial institution to verify information of the business, it needs access to
reliable information about the business and its owners, as well as relevant verified credit history. Due to the
lack of such information, the institutions often pay a huge amount to verify information, but still end up with
no reliable information.
As such, issues in the current system cause Bangladesh to lose out on many opportunities and go through
different problems including:
3. 3
Team Rocket - DigiDesk
Loss of FDI
Regardless of the high economic growth of 8.1% prior to the pandemic, Bangladesh has
struggled to attract foreign direct investments (FDI) into the country. This can be
explained by the low FDI to GDP ratio of 0.5% in 2019 (World Bank, 2020). This is echoed
in the fact that Bangladesh was not chosen by any of the 51 companies who relocated
their production out of China between 2018 and 2019 (Hussain, 2020).
Huge Informal
Economy
According to BBS Economic Census 2013, 99.8% of the 7.82 million enterprises in
Bangladesh are SMEs, most of which belong to the informal economy. According to the
Labor Force Survey (LFS) 2016-17, out of the total 60.83 million employed labor in the
country, 51.73 million (85.1%) work in the informal sector.
Unverified
Information
In 2020, the Global Financial Integrity (GFI) claimed that Bangladesh lost Tk 639.24 billion
(USD 7.53 billion) a year between 2008 and 2017 to trade mis-invoicing, which amounts
to at least USD 60.2 billion and 17.95% of the country's total trade.
High Levels of
NPL
Till 2020, the amount of NPLs in the banking sector stood at Tk 96,116.65 crore ( Dhaka
Tribune, 2020).
Bureaucracy
In the global competitiveness index by World Economic Forum, the top 3 problematic
factors for doing business in Bangladesh include: i) Inadequate infrastructure, ii)
Corruption, iii) Inefficient government bureaucracy.
1.3 Issues in the Current System
For the three main stakeholders in the system (business & investors, government, and financial institutions),
the issues are:
Businesses and
Investors:
Inconvenient
Process
Starting a business requires taking clearances from multiple bodies separately and
going to several offices physically and lacks clarity in some cases. This process heavily
relies on printed documents that must be exchanged between several parties and can
take up to 19 days. Correctly filling out documents and sending right ones to the right
parties in the right order alone can cost weeks to people unfamiliar with the process.
The gathering and exchange of information between the participants is very time
consuming, redundant, and error prone, or simply inconvenient.
Government:
Fragmented and
Redundant Steps
Due to having multiple authorities with no direct sharing of information and separate
databases, the processes become fragmented, which in turn lead to redundant
processes in business registration. This makes the information vulnerable and doing
business harder in Bangladesh.
Financial
Institutions:
Mistrust in the
system
Due to the vulnerability, antiquatedness, and lack of immutability of the system, there
is severe mistrust in the system as financial institutions rely on the customers’
submission of their own information for getting credit. This leads to redundant
verification processes, financial irregularities, mis invoicing, high NPL and fraud.
To summarize, the problem statement is “Businesses in Bangladesh face a fragmented, inconvenient, and
distrusted process for executing compliance and regulatory activities.”
1.4 The Solution - DigiDesk
The issues with the current processes demand an integrated and efficient system which enables the processes
to become simpler and ensures the reliability of the information. With this objective in mind, we introduce
DigiDesk, a one-stop-solution of all compliance and regulatory activities for businesses. Through DigiDesk,
4. 4
Team Rocket - DigiDesk
• all businesses can formalize themselves in compliance with business regulations in a streamlined
process,
• relevant government bodies can verify information about a business through one click, and
• all financial institutions and eligible investors can have access to trusted information about a business.
A simplified version of the process is illustrated as follows:
A more elaborate and detailed process is illustrated in Appendix C. The above illustrated process goes
through the following steps:
For Business (User Companies)
Step 1
Businesses provide NID, email, username, and phone number to open an account in BIDA, who
is the certificate authority.
Step 2
BIDA then provides MSP (Membership Service Provider) as certificate authority under
Hyperledger Fabric for identity management.
Step 3
The user company selects services from the DigiDesk web user interface and provides necessary
information, along with uploading supporting documents.
Step 4
The user company then confirms the provided information and completes payments through
DigiDesk’s payment gateway.
Step 5
Under Hyperledger Fabric, an authentic communication channel is created using TLS (Transport
Layer Security) between user and endorser nodes (RJSC, NBR, City Corporation).
Step 6
The endorser (RJSC, NBR, City Corporation) performs verification through multiple stages. If any
issue arises, a message is sent to user.
Step 7
After verification, the information is stored in endorsers’ individual databases and proceeds for
ordering.
Step 8
Finally, the committer (BIDA, RJSC, NBR, CC) stores the selected info in Blockchain and sends a
read-only version to user, who receives a seamless service.
For Businesses
Step 1 The institution sends a request to the user company to access necessary information.
Step 2 The company then generates a one-time view-only code and forwards it to the institution.
Step 3
Institution inputs the code and provides an email to access the files containing verified, trusted
information about the company.
5. 5
Team Rocket - DigiDesk
1.5 Why Blockchain?
Blockchain is not a general-purpose technology but should be applied judiciously to reap its benefits in the
proper area of usage. Appendix D shows a decision flow diagram that we used to decide the use of blockchain.
The following table justifies the two key reasons of using a private permissioned blockchain for our solution:
How DigiDesk will build trust?
Immutability
Enterprises will not be able to tamper with their data within the network. This ensures
maintenance of data integrity. This will reduce NPLs and bad debt.
Fault Tolerance Data is distributed among nodes. Fault tolerance will thus be ensured.
Decentralization
Ownership of information is decentralized and shared across a peer-to-peer network and
continually reconciled. DigiDesk will thus eliminate the need to rely on intermediaries and
other external risks.
How DigiDesk will make the process streamlined?
Redundancy
Time required to register a company will come down to 5 day from 20 days due to
information sharing among parties in a permission blockchain.
Coordination
Tasks which were carried out sequentially will now be completed simultaneously due to
better coordination. This will also eliminate the need of paper dossiers.
Cost Reduction
Financial institutions can bring down the cost of approving/rejecting a loan by as much as
35%. Business can bring down compliance costs by as much as 30%. With trusted
information, NPLs will come down as well.
2. Market and Partners
2.1 Customer Segments and Market Size
The potential customers are divided into three segments as shown below:
Market and Customer Segments
Customer Segment Type of Business Offering
Segment 1:
Already registered
companies and
organizations
Private Company, Public
Company, Trade
Organization, Foreign
Company, Partnership Firm
One stop service for renewing trade license,
providing access to information to financial
institutions for loans, updating company
information and credit records
Segment 2:
New companies and
organizations
Private Company, Public
Company, Trade
Organization, Foreign
Company, Partnership Firm
One stop service for all required formal activities
for starting a business and the mentioned
offerings for segment 1
Segment 3:
Corporate customers
and eligible investors
Banks, NBFIs, Insurance
Companies, Local Investors,
Foreign Investors
One platform to access verified information of
companies and their owners, and required verified
financial information for providing loans
Market Size
Segment 1 Current no. of companies registered with RJSC: 180,000 (approx.)
Segment 2 On average, about 7000 companies are registered with RJSC every year.
Segment 3 Corporate: 155, Eligible Institutional Investors: 1250 (approx.)
6. 6
Team Rocket - DigiDesk
2.2 Partnership Structure
Due to the large scale of the project, it requires assistance and collaboration between several strategic
partners, implementation support partners as discussed below:
Category Name of Entity Primary Role
Owner
BIDA (Bangladesh
Investment
Development Authority)
• Maintain the central database and the blockchain
infrastructure
• Oversee the operation of DigiDesk
• Maintain the network and collaboration between
strategic and support partners
Strategic Partner
1. RJSC (Registrar of
Joint Stock
Companies)
2. NBR (National Board
of Revenue)
3. City Corporation(CC)
• Maintain individual database
• Verify and endorse documentation for related specific
services:
a. RJSC: Incorporation Certificate, Annual Return
b. NBR: eTIN, BIN, Audited company statements
c. CC: Trade license and yearly renewal of license book
Support Partner
1. Bangladesh Bank
2. ICT Division
3. FBCCI
4. A2i
5. Financial Institutions
• Provide infrastructure development, integration, and
training support
• Assist with policy making and promotional support
• Collaborate with strategic partners
• Act as payment service providers and oversee financial
regulations
3. Competition and Risks
3.1 Competition
In the present scenario, some of the processes have to be completed physically, and the rest are a mix of
online and offline. They require going to multiple offices and filling up much paperwork. As a result, companies
seek the help of third-party consultants and intermediaries to navigate them through the complex process.
This has led to increased costs as well. As DigiDesk will be owned and controlled by BIDA, a government body,
there is no direct or indirect competition. The presence of a seamless service process through DigiDesk will
eliminate the need for intermediaries and third-party services.
3.2 Risks
Due to the large scope of the project, there are several implementations risks along with technical and
operational risks, which are discussed below:
Source of Risk Mitigation Strategy
Implementation
Digitalizing records of existing
businesses
• Creation of a central body at the onset of the project, with
representation from each stakeholder to oversee all the
processes and mitigating the inconsistencies in records
• Advocacy, integration, and promotion through the
government along with continuous training and
development programs
Fragmented, inconsistent
records of existing business
Lack of cooperation from
partners
Tech
nical
Lack of tech savviness and
adaptability
• Training and development programs for government
officials by utilizing local IT training intermediaries
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Speed, scalability, and
technical interface with
legacy systems
• Improvement of existing IT infrastructure and Business
Process Reengineering
• Use of biometric system to keep the digital signature of the
verifier with the block
Misuse of authentication
Operational
Audit and changes in data
• Use of ‘meta-protocol revocation’ mechanism to bring
changes to or revoke data (validator rules will be such that
other transactions be consulted before the final resolution
of information validity)
• Training and development programs and collaboration with
national programs under Digital Bangladesh Agenda and A2i
programs for public service innovation in remote areas
Infrastructural issues in rural
areas
4. Architecture and Governance
The architecture and governance of DigiDesk will be set up in such a way to focus on 3 core components:
Privacy, Trust, and Security. Appendix C illustrates a detailed version of the blockchain architecture.
4.1 Privacy
DigiDesk ensures privacy of user's and corporation's data through multiple measures via technological
components as follows:
Components Rational
Database Component
Firstly, public data are being stored in our own server which runs on mongoDB.
Since, we are working for businesses to run therefore, no unnecessary
information is being taken from the users. This results in no breach of privacy.
Secondly, for on-chain data, our solution is a permissioned blockchain. Without
the consent of the user, no data will be available to any of the organizations. For
financial institutions to have access to users' data, the users will have to select
the documents for the financial institution for viewing.
Information Exchange For the endorser-to-endorser and client-to-endorser communication, we are
using Fabric’s TLS (Transport Layer Security) for the security. This includes
endpoint authentication, ensuring one is talking to the right target.
Authentication
No cryptography will be used since private blockchain is used; Firebase
authentication will be used as authentication component.
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4.2 Trust
Key Factor How it ensures trust?
Identity
Management
The members of our blockchain will be government entities, that too in a limited number.
Therefore, for all the entities and the users, each of them will be verified through
Membership Service Providers (MSP) to distinguish users. About the documents of a user,
they will be verified and added to the blockchain by RJSC, NBR and City Corporation where
all of them are government entities.
Access Control
Users can access read-only versions of data, while endorsers can access as per their
requirements. For accessing the background information about a business client, a
financial institution can only access upon user permission. DigiDesk will ensure a
temporary hash code, for each investor, with which they will be able to view private data
through the website. As this is a permissioned blockchain, only specified entities will be
able to make changes. Thus, trust is built between the client and the system.
4.3 Security
In terms of security, DigiDesk will provide a private-permissioned blockchain for the partners who will be
conducting all the authentication in the system. The endorsers will be given certificates by BIDA, who will be
our Certificate Authority (CA). Endorsers will have specific
channels to communicate within the system if there is any
scenario for intercommunication between the partners, so
there is no chance of information exposure. The database
of each department will store own relevant documents of
each company and all the respective information will be
kept track of in the system, so no department will have
access to another department’s documents without access
permission. The blockchain platform will be conducted throughout a mesh network of servers of the
departments which will act as a hub for all the documents, separated, yet in contact with the other. This will
act as a failsafe if any unintended accidents, which may result in data destruction.
4.4 Technology Infrastructure
Distributed IT Management Structure
Front-End Structure
The front end of the DigiDesk website will implement SPA (Single Page
Application) using ReactJs, a JavaScript Library.
Back-End Structure
The back end will consist of NodeJs and ExpressJs to connect with the
frontend and use logical operators based on the client’s preference of
services. For off-chain data preservation, MongoDB will also be
integrated to keep information that will not be necessarily added to the
chain.
Distribution of documents based
on decision rights,
accountability, and incentives
The three primary partners, Registrar of Joint Stock Companies (RJSC),
National Board of Revenue (NBR), and City Corporation will have access
to respective document information based on the service a client avails
from the website.
Network Deployment
Step 1: Network Configuration
Initially we will introduce CA (Certificate Authority) to the blockchain. The CAs will generate MSP
(Membership Service Providers) certificates which will be designed as per the situation of our blockchain
network. In our network we will introduce one CA from BIDA. TLS CAs will be introduced for secure
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communication on the network. After introducing the CA, the organizations (RJSC, NBR, City Corporation)
will establish their units with unique MSPs created by the CA. For managing channels in the network for the
consumer and peers, we will set up a database modeled with MongoDB. Channels will be handled as private
between nodes and users based on the specifications as per the workflow for the information demands.
Step 2: Setting up a Kubernetes Cluster for resources
Kubernetes will enable us to set up containers of information in a distributed structure, in which way all the
dependencies will run in the same way from wherever we run it.
Step 3: Create identities and MSP using CA
We create an MSP document based on how the network will be distributed and the CA will register a user
and then enroll an identity. After that, users will be able to login using their username and password. The
CA will generate (public certificate and private key) which will help for sign in actions.
Step 4: Deploy the network
After compiling all the components required to create peers and ordering nodes, we create a Cloud
Kubernetes Service where we deploy the complete Kubernetes Cluster. We create a Blockchain Platform
Service instance on the cloud and store the resources necessary to function the network. After that, we
launch the Blockchain Platform once it is successfully deployed to the cluster. Then we introduce our admin
user identity from Digidesk and establish the MSP organization. The CA will then create identities and
certificates defining the organization. Finally, we register users with the help of CA and ultimately establish
the network for public use.
5. Distribution and Valuation
5.1 Distribution
Initiation Phase Month 1 - 14
1. Form a central special body for the project with representation from each stakeholder to oversee all the
processes, prepare workflow for any current process reengineering and advocate the collaboration between
RJSC, NBR, City Corporation with BIDA.
2. Set up private server for DigiDesk and start digitalizing and integrating financial and other records.
3. Create new IT infrastructure and update existing legacy systems for revised workflow.
Testing Phase Month 15 - 32
1. Form a team of experts and develop a prototype in the server.
2. Create Identity and Access Management.
3. Test the prototype using dummy information.
4. Run the full-scale prototype in a Mini verse within the server.
5. Start training and development sessions for government officials and improving the infrastructure.
Beta Phase Month 33 – 40
1. Include the digitalized records of previous businesses in the blockchain server and run the system.
2. Add the partners and start the beta version with dummy companies.
Final Phase Month 41 - onwards
1. Run a dedicated support and maintenance team 24/7 for any type of interferences.
2. Monitor and evaluate the system 24/7 by a team of skilled engineers using the on-premises servers.
3. Explore options to scale DigiDesk.
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5.2 Valuation and Financial Model
The revenue model comprises of two components – subscription fees and service charges. Approximately 58%
of the revenue will be generated from the subscription fees of corporate partners and institutional investors,
while 42% will be generated from service charge received from businesses. In the cost structure,
approximately 40% of the cost will be driven by salary, followed by training and development, as shown below:
Pro Forma Revenue Model
Revenue Stream Rate/Year Market Size Revenue % of Total
Subscription Fees
Corporate Partners 500,000 62 31,000,000 47.51%
Institutional Investors 25,000 250 6,250,000 9.58%
Service Charge
Registration of Companies 1,000 10,000 10,000,000 15.33%
Other Services 100 180,000 18,000,000 27.59%
Total 65,250,000
The total investment required for this venture is 76,860,000 BDT. The capital budgeting measures are as
mentioned below. The financial statements are elaborated in Appendix E.
Cost Item % of Total Cost Capital Budgeting Measures (BDT)
Salary 40.6% Required Investment 76,860,000
Rent 14.4% Pay Back Period ~7.5 Years
Utility 3.6% NPV 34,019,613
Training & Development 21.7% IRR 15.65%
Marketing 14.4%
R&D 5.3%
5.3 Social Value
Apart from the financial value that DigiDesk is going to generate, it will create the following social value:
• Agency costs are going to come down.
• There will be higher collaboration and coordination among different government bodies.
• Company identity and financial records will be verified and be kept safe. As a result, the number of
financial scandals and non -perming loans (NPL) are going to come down.
• Formalizing a business will become easier, cheaper, and faster. This will help to formalize the
economy, improve the rankings in Ease of Doing Business Index and bring in more FDI.
• Costs of credit for financial institutions will come down.
• Governance will be decentralized and will assist to realize the dream of Digital Bangladesh and the
SDG Goals 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure), and
16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions)
Appendix A summarizes the business model of DigiDesk.
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Appendix
Appendix A – Business Model Canvas
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Appendix B – Current Process of Starting a Business and Getting Bank Loans