The document discusses two types of transactions in communication: information-focused talk and transactional exchange for goods or services. It outlines techniques and principles for effective communication, emphasizing pre-teaching linguistic forms and simplifying tasks. Additionally, it poses questions to guide the design of activities centered on talk as interaction, transaction, or performance.

1. 2. Talk as Transaction
1. Transaction that focus is on giving and receiving
information, the participants focus primarily on what
is said or achieved.
2. Transaction that focus on obtaining goods or
services, such as checking into a hotel or ordering
food in a restaurant
2 type of transaction by Burns (1998) :

2. 2. Talk as Transaction – Technique
• Ranking
• Values clarification
• Brainstorming
• Simulations
• Role play
(preparing > modeling & elicity > practicing &
reviewing)
• Group Discussion
By doing these activities:

3. • Explaining a need or intention
• Describing something
• Asking questions & clarification
• Confirming information
• Justifying an opinion
• Making suggestions
• Clarifying understanding
• Making comparisons
• Agreeing and disagreeing
2. Talk as Transaction – Principles
It has a primarily information focus.
The main focus is on the message
Student
should learn
these

4. 1. By pre-teaching certain linguistic forms that can be
used while completing a task.
2. By reducing the complexity of the task
3. By giving adequate time to plan the task.
4. By repeated performance of the task.
The level of linguistic accuracy
2. Talk as Transaction – Issue

5. These questions will help you:
• What will be the focus of the activity – talk as
interaction,transaction, or performance?
• How will the activity be modeled?
• What stages will the activity be divided into?
• What language support will be needed?
• What resources will be needed?
• What learning arrangements will be needed?
• What level of performance is expected?
• How and when will feedback be given?