This document discusses tools, materials, and equipment used for technical drafting. It describes common drafting tools like T-squares, triangles, protractors, compasses, and templates that are used to draw straight lines, curves, and measure angles. It also outlines materials like drawing pencils, erasers, paper, and ink pens. Equipment discussed includes drafting tables, stools, machines, and newer computer-aided design (CAD) software and hardware.

1. TECHNICAL DRAFTING

2. Technical- relating to technique or proficiency in a
practical skill/ characterizing or showing skill in or
specialized knowledge of applied arts and sciences.
Drafting- systematic representation and
dimensional specification of mechanical and
architectural structures.
Draftsman- is a person who makes detailed technical
plan or drawings.
TECHNICAL DRAFTING

3. TOOLS, MATERIALS, AND
EQUIPMENT

4. Tool- implements that are durable, permanent
and are hand held.
Material-consumable drawing items ( drawing
paper, masking tape, eraser etc.).
Equipment- items which are more or less
durable and permanent needed.
TECHNICAL DRAFTING

5. 4. PSASMOC
TEXT TWIST

6. TOOLS

7. RULERS AND
SQUARES
-Using a T-square
and clear plastic
triangle, draftsmen
creates lines. Common
triangles they use are an
8 inch triangle with
45x90° sides and 10
inch triangle with
30x60° sides.

8. RULERS AND
SQUARES
-Draftsmen
measure dimensions
with triangular
shaped rulers that
have different scales
on each of three
surfaces.

9. T-SQUARE
A drawing instrument
used when making
horizontal lines- and
also used for guiding
triangles when drawing
vertical lines. It is made
of wood, plastic or the
combination of both. If in
use, the base of the
triangle must rest on
the blade of the T-
square.

10. THREE TYPES OF T-SQUARE
1.Fixed head- the head is fastened to the
blade. It is used for ordinary work.
2.Movable head/ adjustable head- it has
one fixed and one adjustable head and
used only for occasional drawing.
3.Detachable head/ removable head- it
is designed for comfort when carrying
the T-square.

11. TRIANGLE
-it is a three sided ruler,
which typically has two equal
sides meeting at a 90° angle
and to a third side of a 45, 30
including 60 ° angles. It is
usually made of plastic and
comes in different sizes. If in
use, the base of the triangle
must rest on the blade of
the T-square.
30x60 degrees
45x45 degrees

12. TRIANGULAR SCALES
The architect’s
scale is the most
commonly used for
general drawing. Its
main function is to
reproduce the
measurements of an
object in full size,
reduced size, and
enlarge size.

13. ERASING SHIELD
-This is made up of a
thin metal with
irregular holes. It is a
useful tool to protect
the rest of the drawing
when clearing up
smudges unnecessary
pencil lines and other
erasures.

14. CURVE TEMPLATES AND
COMPASSES
-Draftsmen create
curves using irregular curve
templates made of clear
rigid plastic. They draw
circles and portions of
circles called arcs with an
adjustable compass and
calculate angles from 1-180°
with clear plastic
protractors.

15. TEMPLATES
- A handy tool for
drawing curves,
circles and other
shapes-
especially if you
need to use them
in different
designs.

16. LETTERING GUIDES
-Lettering templates
guide the draftsman in
the execution of uniform
lettering throughout
the drawing. As a
matter of common
practice, most creators
of technical drawings
hand letter in personally
developed styles that
identify their work as
clearly as fingerprints.

17. PROTRACTOR
A semi-circular
instrument divided
into 180 equal parts,
each of which is
called degree. It is
used to determine
gradations of the
degrees when
measuring arcs,
angles and circles.

18. DIVIDER
A drawing instrument
used when transferring
measurements, dividing
lines and arcs into the
desired number of equal
parts. It can easily
transfer accurate
measurements by
adjusting the divider
points.

20. COMPASS
A drawing
instrument used when
drawing arcs and
circles. It is composed
of one with the pen leg
and the needle point
leg being held together
with a handle.

21. PENCIL SHARPENER
Pencil
should be
sharpened
whenever it
show sign of
dullness.
Various types
and designs are
available in the
stores.

22. MATERIALS

23. INKING PENS
-are usually over-traced
with ink to render durable
final drawings. Early inking
pens consisted of a mechanical
device with an adjustable nib.
Modern disposable inking pens
have built-in ink reservoirs and
are available in many point
widths.

24. DRAWING PENCIL
-It is one of the
most important tools
in drawing. It comes in
various grades. The
grade of pencil to be
used depends on the
quality of paper to be
used. You have to take
into consideration also
the type of line work
required.

25. TYPES OF PENCIL
1. Hard pencils- are used when extreme
accuracy is required especially when
working on graphs, diagrams and
charts.
2.Medium pencils- are used for general
purpose work in drawing.
3. Soft pencils - are too soft to be used
in mechanical drafting. They are very
useful for art work of various kinds.

26. DRAWING PAPER
This type does not
groove easily when
pressure is applied
to the pencil. Oslo
paper is commonly
used but bond paper
is also recommended.

27. ERASER
-Thus is used to clean
the dirt off the drawing.
A soft eraser is
advantage in removing a
smudges and pencil
marks, whereas, a
harder eraser is useful
for making changes and
correcting errors in the
drawing.

28. MASKING TAPE
It is used for
fastening the drawing
paper on the drawing
table or drawing
board because it
doesn’t damage the
drawing board and
paper if it is
removed by pulling it
off.

29. EQUIPMENT

30. BLUEPRINT MACHINES
-A machine which
exposes and develops
blueprint paper. It is
a photographic copy of
a plan for a building or
a machine printed with
white lines in a blue
background.

32. DRAFTING MACHINES
-is an equipment
used in technical
drawing consisting of
pair of scales mounted
to form a right angle on
an articulated head that
allows an angular rotation.
It consist of linked parts
that perform the function of
a T-square, triangle, linear
scale and protractor.

33. DRAFTING MACHINES
-Early drafting machines date
back to Italy in 1913. Modern
drafting machines combine
horizontal and vertical rulers or
scales and a protractor head
that allows adjustment of the
rulers to required angles for
drawing. The device is
permanently attached to the
drawing board and uses a pair
of connected arms to move
freely around the drawing
surface.

35. Drawings and designs using
computer software drastically
reduce hand and machine
drafting, especially in the
professional sectors. Lower drawing
cost and greater degrees of accuracy
dictate increasing use of CAD as a
primary tool for creating technical
drawings. Large computer screens for
creating designs and plotters for
printing large technical drawings are
replacing traditional technical
drawing tools.
CAD: COMPUTED AIDED DESIGN

37. DRAFTING TABLES
-It is a multi-purpose
platform designed for the
specific use of
architectural, engineering
and artistic drawing,
drafting and sketching.

38. DRAFTING TABLES
-Draftsmen create
technical drawings using a
tilting table. Parallel rulers
on each side of the drawing
surface align the drawing
paper and provide horizontal
and vertical guides for
drawing.

39. DRAFTING STOOL
-An elevated
seating support for
normal drafting. It is
used to provide
seating in drawing
classroom.