This document provides an overview of common drafting materials and tools, their uses, and functions. It describes drawing paper, masking tape, pencil sharpeners, erasers, drawing pencils in various grades, triangular scales, erasing shields, and common drawing instruments like T-squares, triangles, compasses, dividers, and protractors. The key tools are used for tasks like making horizontal and vertical lines, transferring measurements, drawing arcs and circles, and measuring angles and degrees. A variety of materials like paper, pencils, tape, and instruments in different designs are available to aid the drafting process.

1. DRAFTING MATERIALS
AND TOOLS
ITS USES/FUNCTIONS

2. DRAWING PAPER
 This type does not
groove easily
when pressure is applied
to the pencil.
 Oslo paper is
commonly used
but bond paper is also
recommended.

3. MASKING TAPE
 This is used for
fastening the drawing
paper on the drawing
table or drawing board
because it does not
damage the board and
it will not damage the
paper if it is removed
by pulling it off.

4. PENCIL SHARPENER
 Pencils should be sharpened whenever they
show sign of dullness. Various types and
designs are available in the stores.

5. ERASER  This is used to clean the
dirt off the drawing.
A soft eraser is
advantageous in removing
smudges and pencil marks,
whereas, a harder eraser
is useful for making
changes and correcting
errors in the drawing.

6. DRAWING PENCIL
 This is one of the most
important tools in drawing.
It comes in various grades.
The grade of pencil to be
used depends on the quality
of paper to be used.

7. HARD PENCILS – are used where extreme
accuracy is required especially working on
graphs, diagrams and charts.
MEDIUM PENCILS – are used for general
purpose work in drawing.
SOFT PENCILS – are too soft to be used in
mechanical drafting. They are very useful for
art work of various kinds.

8. TRIANGULAR SCALES
 A tool generally used
when reproducing a
drawing in an enlarged or
reduced for to some regular
proportion.
 Its main function is to
reproduce the
measurements of an object
in full size, reduced size,
and enlarged size.

9. ERASING SHIELD
 This is made up of a thin metal with irregular
holes. It is a useful tool to protect the rest of the
drawing when clearing up smudges, unnecessary
pencil lines and other erasures.

10. DRAWING INSTRUMENTS
 are used for drawing and
designing purposes.

11. T - SQUARE
• a drawing instrument used when making
horizontal lines. It is also used for guiding
triangles when drawing vertical lines.
• made up of wood, plastic
or the combination of both.

12. FIXED HEAD – the head is fastened to the
blade. It is used for ordinary work.
MOVABLE HEAD / ADJUSTABLE HEAD –
it has one fixed and one adjustable head and
used only for occasional drawing.
DETACHABLE HEAD / REMOVABLE
HEAD – it is designed for comfort when
carrying the T – square.

13. TRIANGLES
• it is a three-sided ruler,
which typically has two
equal sides meeting at a 90
degree angle and to a third
side at 45, 30, including 60
degree angles.
Commonly used triangles are:
a. 30 degrees X 60 degrees
b.45 degrees X 45 degrees

14. COMPASS
• This drawing instrument
is used when drawing
arcs and circles. It is used
in a similar way to a
divider. It is composed of
one with the pen leg and
the needle point leg being
held together with a
handle.

15. DIVIDER
• it is used when
transferring measurements,
dividing lines and arcs into
the desired number of
equal parts. It can easily
transfer accurate
measurements by adjusting
the divider points.

16. PROTRACTOR
• a semi-circular
instrument divided
into 180 equal parts,
each of which is
called degree. It is
used to determine
gradations of the
degrees when
measuring arcs, angles
and circles.