The document discusses using the OSIRIS tool to compare different designs for reference emission levels and incentive systems for REDD+. It provides an overview of the Terrestrial Carbon Group, key policy considerations in designing REDD+ systems, and outputs from the OSIRIS tool. The OSIRIS tool allows flexible inputs to model and compare REDD+ approaches in terms of their effectiveness, efficiency, and equity.
This document discusses pathways to success for REDD+ (Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) programs. It notes that REDD+ now has broad support but countries need to rapidly share lessons learned and develop a common vision for national REDD+ programs. Countries start REDD+ readiness activities from different points due to varying land use trends, deforestation drivers, and governance situations. Crucial early activities include transparent stakeholder consultations to develop an inclusive approach to REDD+ planning and implementation.
This document summarizes a study on the implications of biodiesel-induced land use changes for CO2 emissions. The study examined 12 case studies across tropical regions. The main findings were:
1) Converting high-carbon stock lands like peatlands or rainforests to biofuel production can result in "carbon debts" that may take decades or centuries to repay through CO2 savings from biofuel use.
2) The time needed to offset the carbon debt depends on the type of land converted and the yield of the biofuel crop. Oil palm generally had shorter repayment times than Jatropha or oil palm on peatlands.
3) Land use changes from biofuel production can neg
Regional destruction project for eca lvc countries UNEP OzonAction
This document discusses a proposed regional ODS destruction project for low-volume consuming countries in Europe and Central Asia. It notes that some eligible countries have small stockpiles of unwanted ODS totaling a few tonnes that need proper disposal. The project would first prepare an inventory of stockpiles and develop a strategy for collecting, transporting, and destroying the substances. It would also identify potential partners and destruction facilities. The next steps outlined are confirming country interest, developing a project preparation proposal, and seeking input from stakeholders on best practices.
Presentation on REDD application for Pakistan Saadullah Ayazsaadayaz
Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD/REDD+) has the potential to help Pakistan mitigate climate change. Forests represent a significant carbon stock and sink, but Pakistan is losing about 2,700 hectares of forest per year through deforestation. If this deforestation could be fully avoided and compensated through REDD+, it could generate $94.74 million to $315.8 million annually for Pakistan depending on the price of carbon credits. However, there are also risks involved and Pakistan would need to improve its capacity and address drivers of deforestation before implementing a REDD+ program.
Landscape Game: a model to understand the dynamics of land competition, polic...CIFOR-ICRAF
This document describes a landscape game designed to help players understand the dynamics of land competition, policy measures, and sustainability in a landscape. The game involves players making investments in different land covers to maximize their benefits, while a policy maker sets rules. It is intended to provide lessons on how various strategies affect the landscape and player incomes. The goal is for players to approach a Nash Equilibrium where no player can unilaterally change their strategy to increase benefits.
Denmark has implemented various environmental taxes across several sectors. Taxes are levied on motor fuels, carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide emissions, annual motor vehicle usage, water usage and delivery, waste disposal, pesticides, aggregates, packaging and batteries. Revenue is generally allocated to the country's general budget, but is also sometimes earmarked for environmental protection and restoration projects. Notably, Denmark has shifted some tax burden from income to environmental taxes, reallocating over 2% of total tax revenue through taxes on electricity, water, waste, vehicles and carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide emissions.
The document discusses REDD+ implementation in Lao PDR, focusing on the Nam Et Phou Louey National Protected Area (NEPL NPA). It notes that Lao PDR has high forest cover but also high deforestation rates, and that rural communities highly depend on forests. It outlines steps Lao PDR is taking to prepare for REDD+, and describes a partnership between WCS and the CliPAD project to implement REDD+ at NEPL NPA and another site. The feasibility study found low deforestation rates across NEPL NPA, and that incentives like participatory land use planning and conservation agreements can help engage communities in REDD+. It also notes challenges in fully implementing these incentives and the need
The document summarizes experiences from a REDD project in Papua, Indonesia. It describes New Forests, the company developing the project, and provides context on deforestation drivers in the region. It then summarizes the Papua project, which covers two sites totaling over 225,000 hectares that are at risk of deforestation. Key project characteristics discussed include governance structure, baseline methodology, consultation process, links to national strategies, and financing approach. Lessons learned and conclusions from the project are also presented.
This document discusses pathways to success for REDD+ (Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) programs. It notes that REDD+ now has broad support but countries need to rapidly share lessons learned and develop a common vision for national REDD+ programs. Countries start REDD+ readiness activities from different points due to varying land use trends, deforestation drivers, and governance situations. Crucial early activities include transparent stakeholder consultations to develop an inclusive approach to REDD+ planning and implementation.
This document summarizes a study on the implications of biodiesel-induced land use changes for CO2 emissions. The study examined 12 case studies across tropical regions. The main findings were:
1) Converting high-carbon stock lands like peatlands or rainforests to biofuel production can result in "carbon debts" that may take decades or centuries to repay through CO2 savings from biofuel use.
2) The time needed to offset the carbon debt depends on the type of land converted and the yield of the biofuel crop. Oil palm generally had shorter repayment times than Jatropha or oil palm on peatlands.
3) Land use changes from biofuel production can neg
Regional destruction project for eca lvc countries UNEP OzonAction
This document discusses a proposed regional ODS destruction project for low-volume consuming countries in Europe and Central Asia. It notes that some eligible countries have small stockpiles of unwanted ODS totaling a few tonnes that need proper disposal. The project would first prepare an inventory of stockpiles and develop a strategy for collecting, transporting, and destroying the substances. It would also identify potential partners and destruction facilities. The next steps outlined are confirming country interest, developing a project preparation proposal, and seeking input from stakeholders on best practices.
Presentation on REDD application for Pakistan Saadullah Ayazsaadayaz
Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD/REDD+) has the potential to help Pakistan mitigate climate change. Forests represent a significant carbon stock and sink, but Pakistan is losing about 2,700 hectares of forest per year through deforestation. If this deforestation could be fully avoided and compensated through REDD+, it could generate $94.74 million to $315.8 million annually for Pakistan depending on the price of carbon credits. However, there are also risks involved and Pakistan would need to improve its capacity and address drivers of deforestation before implementing a REDD+ program.
Landscape Game: a model to understand the dynamics of land competition, polic...CIFOR-ICRAF
This document describes a landscape game designed to help players understand the dynamics of land competition, policy measures, and sustainability in a landscape. The game involves players making investments in different land covers to maximize their benefits, while a policy maker sets rules. It is intended to provide lessons on how various strategies affect the landscape and player incomes. The goal is for players to approach a Nash Equilibrium where no player can unilaterally change their strategy to increase benefits.
Denmark has implemented various environmental taxes across several sectors. Taxes are levied on motor fuels, carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide emissions, annual motor vehicle usage, water usage and delivery, waste disposal, pesticides, aggregates, packaging and batteries. Revenue is generally allocated to the country's general budget, but is also sometimes earmarked for environmental protection and restoration projects. Notably, Denmark has shifted some tax burden from income to environmental taxes, reallocating over 2% of total tax revenue through taxes on electricity, water, waste, vehicles and carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide emissions.
The document discusses REDD+ implementation in Lao PDR, focusing on the Nam Et Phou Louey National Protected Area (NEPL NPA). It notes that Lao PDR has high forest cover but also high deforestation rates, and that rural communities highly depend on forests. It outlines steps Lao PDR is taking to prepare for REDD+, and describes a partnership between WCS and the CliPAD project to implement REDD+ at NEPL NPA and another site. The feasibility study found low deforestation rates across NEPL NPA, and that incentives like participatory land use planning and conservation agreements can help engage communities in REDD+. It also notes challenges in fully implementing these incentives and the need
The document summarizes experiences from a REDD project in Papua, Indonesia. It describes New Forests, the company developing the project, and provides context on deforestation drivers in the region. It then summarizes the Papua project, which covers two sites totaling over 225,000 hectares that are at risk of deforestation. Key project characteristics discussed include governance structure, baseline methodology, consultation process, links to national strategies, and financing approach. Lessons learned and conclusions from the project are also presented.
The document discusses WWF's Forest Carbon Initiative (FCI) and its strategy for engaging with REDD+ between 2010-2013. The strategy focuses on 5 components: 1) influencing global REDD+ policy, 2) supporting national REDD+ readiness, 3) implementing early action REDD+ projects, 4) mobilizing REDD+ financing, and 5) developing MRV systems. The goal is to help ensure REDD+ effectively reduces emissions and benefits biodiversity, livelihoods and indigenous peoples' rights.
This presentation was given by Paul Luu, 4Per100, in the Soil Carbon Finance for MRV Hackathon on 24 September 2020.
Find out more: https://soilcarbon.weebly.com/
Role of Non wood forest produce (NWFP) in providing livelihoodsBhomik Shah
This presentation discusses the role of non-wood forest products (NWFPs) in the sustainability of REDD+ projects. It notes that REDD+ projects can increase livelihood opportunities by linking climate change mitigation to livelihood generation through activities like NWFP collection. The presentation examines the global status of REDD+ projects and how India can benefit from other countries' experiences. It argues that for REDD+ projects to succeed, they must build on community interests, and that allowing regeneration and NWFP collection is important for co-benefits to communities and the holistic sustainability of REDD+ projects.
1) REDD+ projects in Africa have made progress in establishing national frameworks and early pilot projects, but face challenges around policy coordination, land tenure clarity, and community engagement.
2) While readiness activities have advanced in first-tier countries, funding has not fully supported pilot projects, and Francophone countries remain less engaged.
3) The future may see a greater role for sub-national REDD+ initiatives and private sector involvement as limitations of national programs become clear.
1) REDD+ projects in Africa have made progress in establishing national frameworks and pilot projects, but face challenges around land tenure, benefit sharing mechanisms, and community inclusion.
2) While many countries have completed readiness plans and started early projects, challenges remain around coordination between government ministries, establishing credible baselines, and building local technical capacity.
3) The future of REDD+ in Africa over the next 5-10 years is expected to see a greater role for sub-national initiatives and private sector involvement in projects, though implementation of country-level programs faces uncertainties due to low government effectiveness in some areas.
1) REDD+ projects in Africa have made progress in establishing national frameworks and early pilot projects, but face challenges around policy coordination, land tenure clarity, and community engagement.
2) While readiness activities have advanced in first-tier countries, funding has not fully supported pilot projects, and Francophone countries remain less engaged.
3) The future may see a greater role for sub-national REDD+ initiatives and private sector involvement as limitations of national programs become clear.
The document summarizes the key components and next steps of the Copenhagen Accord on climate change. The Accord includes commitments from over 100 countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and billions of dollars pledged for climate financing. It establishes mechanisms for nationally appropriate mitigation actions by developing countries and adaptation programs in Africa. It also creates a High Level Panel and Copenhagen Green Climate Fund to mobilize $100 billion annually by 2020 for developing country needs. The Accord represents the first steps in ongoing UN negotiations to agree on a post-Kyoto climate framework.
This document provides an overview of REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) in Ghana. It describes the rationale for REDD+ to reduce carbon emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. It outlines Ghana's vision for REDD+ to reduce emissions by 40% over 10 years while enhancing forest carbon stocks and ecosystem services. Ghana's REDD+ readiness process involves 3 phases from 2008-2036 for preparation, early implementation, and performance-based payments. Key frameworks for implementation include Ghana's R-PP and participation in the FCPF and UN-REDD programs. Criticisms and the way forward are also discussed.
The document summarizes an expert workshop on Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) for climate-smart agriculture. It discusses the FAO's Mitigation of Climate Change in Agriculture Programme and the CCAFS climate change research program. The workshop aimed to support national mitigation planning in agriculture by advancing understanding of NAMAs and the planning and implementation process. Countries represented included Kenya, Colombia, Costa Rica, Brazil, Ecuador, Vietnam, Mongolia and Indonesia. Agricultural mitigation strategies and the role of NAMAs as a tool were also addressed.
The document discusses REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) and provides information about the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF). The FCPF is a global partnership that aims to pilot REDD readiness and carbon finance activities. It has two mechanisms - a Readiness Fund to help countries prepare national REDD strategies, and a Carbon Fund to pay countries for verified emission reductions. The FCPF has 37 participating countries and works closely with other REDD partners like the UN-REDD Programme to help operationalize REDD.
This document discusses REDD+, a mechanism for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. It notes that past policies have failed to stop deforestation, and additional incentives are needed to encourage forest conservation. REDD+ aims to provide payments from polluters in advanced countries to support conservation and sustainable forest management in developing countries. The document summarizes key COP meetings that advanced REDD+ and established safeguards. It also provides examples of a REDD+ pilot project in Nepal that measured forest carbon, distributed payments to communities, and found social and environmental co-benefits of the program.
Forests play an important role in climate change by both emitting and absorbing carbon dioxide. At the UNFCCC COP13 in Bali, parties agreed to address reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries (REDD). India advocates a comprehensive approach to REDD+ that provides incentives for conservation, sustainable forest management, and increasing forest carbon stocks. Recent studies estimate that India's forest carbon stocks have increased by over 370 million tons between 1995 and 2005.
Why should tropical wetlands be part of climate change mitigation strategies?CIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation specifically explores how tropical wetlands can be included in REDD+, a global scheme through which developed countries reward developing countries for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation. Because of the amount of carbon stored by wetlands, there are significant opportunities and challenges inherent in involving wetlands in REDD+.
This presentation was given during a symposium on ‘Sustaining Humans and Forests in Changing Landscapes’, organised by the IUFRO Working Group on Landscape Ecology. Around 200 people attended the symposium, which was held on 5–9 November 2012 in Concepcion, Chile.
This document discusses soil organic carbon (SOC) in nationally determined contributions (NDCs). It finds that only 10 countries specify SOC targets in their NDCs and 3 mention SOC generally. The top countries for potential SOC sequestration are also identified. Examples of SOC inclusion in Japan and USA NDCs are provided. The document concludes that most countries do not address SOC in NDCs currently and that more specific inclusion of SOC measures and targets in future NDCs could increase transparency and demonstrate leadership on this issue.
1) The session will discuss how pursuing land degradation neutrality (LDN) and climate change adaptation targets can achieve co-benefits. LDN seeks to maintain ecosystem services from land to enhance food security and resilience while increasing sustainability.
2) Achieving LDN requires preventing further land degradation through approaches like avoiding, reducing and reversing degradation to maintain the land's natural capital. National adaptation plans can integrate LDN planning.
3) Over 100 countries have committed to set LDN targets in line with SDG 15.3, showing growing recognition of LDN's ability to balance competing land needs and achieve multiple sustainability objectives.
This document summarizes a presentation given by Dr. Winston Asante of the Nature Conservation Research Centre (NCRC) on their cocoa carbon initiative in Ghana. [1] NCRC is a leading NGO in West Africa working on payments for ecosystem services and carbon projects. [2] The presentation described NCRC's work with cocoa farmer organizations funded by the Rockefeller Foundation to develop carbon methodologies and build capacity for REDD+ and carbon finance. [3] Early findings showed that legal and policy frameworks need reform to incentivize forest conservation and address land tenure issues.
The document summarizes a forum focused on building readiness for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) through cross-stakeholder dialogue and collaboration. It discusses the advisory committee that will guide activities, a past readiness workshop in Ghana, critical elements identified for African countries, practical steps for the near and long term, and plans for future collaboration workshops and an introductory film on REDD. It also provides an overview of key issues still under discussion related to REDD implementation, including the scale of accounting/crediting, establishing baselines, defining the scope, and potential financing mechanisms.
Tracy Johns - Forum on Readiness for REDDtheREDDdesk
The document discusses REDD readiness and the UNFCCC REDD process. It summarizes (1) the Forum on Readiness for REDD, which focuses on building REDD readiness through cross-stakeholder dialogue and collaboration. It also (2) provides an overview of REDD readiness activities around the world and (3) summarizes the key discussions and outcomes around REDD from UNFCCC conferences in Montreal, Bali, Poznan, and looking ahead to meetings in 2009 in Bonn and Copenhagen.
Gichu, a. no date. redd management arrangements. kenya forest servicetheREDDdesk
This document outlines Kenya's proposed national management framework for REDD+. It establishes a 4-tier structure consisting of a National REDD+ Steering Committee, Technical Working Group, National REDD+ Coordinating Office, and REDD+ Component Task Forces. The Steering Committee will provide policy guidance and oversight, while the Technical Working Group will provide advisory support. The Coordinating Office will coordinate implementation and communications, and the Task Forces will focus on specific REDD+ strategies. Field-based REDD+ Officers will also support implementation at the local level.
Gichu, a. no date. redd management arrangements. kenya forest servicetheREDDdesk
This document outlines Kenya's proposed national management framework for REDD+. It establishes a 4-tier structure consisting of a National REDD+ Steering Committee, Technical Working Group, National REDD+ Coordinating Office, and REDD+ Component Task Forces. The Steering Committee will provide policy guidance and oversight, while the Technical Working Group will provide advisory support. The Coordinating Office will coordinate implementation and communications. Component Task Forces will focus on specific REDD+ strategies.
The document discusses WWF's Forest Carbon Initiative (FCI) and its strategy for engaging with REDD+ between 2010-2013. The strategy focuses on 5 components: 1) influencing global REDD+ policy, 2) supporting national REDD+ readiness, 3) implementing early action REDD+ projects, 4) mobilizing REDD+ financing, and 5) developing MRV systems. The goal is to help ensure REDD+ effectively reduces emissions and benefits biodiversity, livelihoods and indigenous peoples' rights.
This presentation was given by Paul Luu, 4Per100, in the Soil Carbon Finance for MRV Hackathon on 24 September 2020.
Find out more: https://soilcarbon.weebly.com/
Role of Non wood forest produce (NWFP) in providing livelihoodsBhomik Shah
This presentation discusses the role of non-wood forest products (NWFPs) in the sustainability of REDD+ projects. It notes that REDD+ projects can increase livelihood opportunities by linking climate change mitigation to livelihood generation through activities like NWFP collection. The presentation examines the global status of REDD+ projects and how India can benefit from other countries' experiences. It argues that for REDD+ projects to succeed, they must build on community interests, and that allowing regeneration and NWFP collection is important for co-benefits to communities and the holistic sustainability of REDD+ projects.
1) REDD+ projects in Africa have made progress in establishing national frameworks and early pilot projects, but face challenges around policy coordination, land tenure clarity, and community engagement.
2) While readiness activities have advanced in first-tier countries, funding has not fully supported pilot projects, and Francophone countries remain less engaged.
3) The future may see a greater role for sub-national REDD+ initiatives and private sector involvement as limitations of national programs become clear.
1) REDD+ projects in Africa have made progress in establishing national frameworks and pilot projects, but face challenges around land tenure, benefit sharing mechanisms, and community inclusion.
2) While many countries have completed readiness plans and started early projects, challenges remain around coordination between government ministries, establishing credible baselines, and building local technical capacity.
3) The future of REDD+ in Africa over the next 5-10 years is expected to see a greater role for sub-national initiatives and private sector involvement in projects, though implementation of country-level programs faces uncertainties due to low government effectiveness in some areas.
1) REDD+ projects in Africa have made progress in establishing national frameworks and early pilot projects, but face challenges around policy coordination, land tenure clarity, and community engagement.
2) While readiness activities have advanced in first-tier countries, funding has not fully supported pilot projects, and Francophone countries remain less engaged.
3) The future may see a greater role for sub-national REDD+ initiatives and private sector involvement as limitations of national programs become clear.
The document summarizes the key components and next steps of the Copenhagen Accord on climate change. The Accord includes commitments from over 100 countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and billions of dollars pledged for climate financing. It establishes mechanisms for nationally appropriate mitigation actions by developing countries and adaptation programs in Africa. It also creates a High Level Panel and Copenhagen Green Climate Fund to mobilize $100 billion annually by 2020 for developing country needs. The Accord represents the first steps in ongoing UN negotiations to agree on a post-Kyoto climate framework.
This document provides an overview of REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) in Ghana. It describes the rationale for REDD+ to reduce carbon emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. It outlines Ghana's vision for REDD+ to reduce emissions by 40% over 10 years while enhancing forest carbon stocks and ecosystem services. Ghana's REDD+ readiness process involves 3 phases from 2008-2036 for preparation, early implementation, and performance-based payments. Key frameworks for implementation include Ghana's R-PP and participation in the FCPF and UN-REDD programs. Criticisms and the way forward are also discussed.
The document summarizes an expert workshop on Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) for climate-smart agriculture. It discusses the FAO's Mitigation of Climate Change in Agriculture Programme and the CCAFS climate change research program. The workshop aimed to support national mitigation planning in agriculture by advancing understanding of NAMAs and the planning and implementation process. Countries represented included Kenya, Colombia, Costa Rica, Brazil, Ecuador, Vietnam, Mongolia and Indonesia. Agricultural mitigation strategies and the role of NAMAs as a tool were also addressed.
The document discusses REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) and provides information about the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF). The FCPF is a global partnership that aims to pilot REDD readiness and carbon finance activities. It has two mechanisms - a Readiness Fund to help countries prepare national REDD strategies, and a Carbon Fund to pay countries for verified emission reductions. The FCPF has 37 participating countries and works closely with other REDD partners like the UN-REDD Programme to help operationalize REDD.
This document discusses REDD+, a mechanism for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. It notes that past policies have failed to stop deforestation, and additional incentives are needed to encourage forest conservation. REDD+ aims to provide payments from polluters in advanced countries to support conservation and sustainable forest management in developing countries. The document summarizes key COP meetings that advanced REDD+ and established safeguards. It also provides examples of a REDD+ pilot project in Nepal that measured forest carbon, distributed payments to communities, and found social and environmental co-benefits of the program.
Forests play an important role in climate change by both emitting and absorbing carbon dioxide. At the UNFCCC COP13 in Bali, parties agreed to address reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries (REDD). India advocates a comprehensive approach to REDD+ that provides incentives for conservation, sustainable forest management, and increasing forest carbon stocks. Recent studies estimate that India's forest carbon stocks have increased by over 370 million tons between 1995 and 2005.
Why should tropical wetlands be part of climate change mitigation strategies?CIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation specifically explores how tropical wetlands can be included in REDD+, a global scheme through which developed countries reward developing countries for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation. Because of the amount of carbon stored by wetlands, there are significant opportunities and challenges inherent in involving wetlands in REDD+.
This presentation was given during a symposium on ‘Sustaining Humans and Forests in Changing Landscapes’, organised by the IUFRO Working Group on Landscape Ecology. Around 200 people attended the symposium, which was held on 5–9 November 2012 in Concepcion, Chile.
This document discusses soil organic carbon (SOC) in nationally determined contributions (NDCs). It finds that only 10 countries specify SOC targets in their NDCs and 3 mention SOC generally. The top countries for potential SOC sequestration are also identified. Examples of SOC inclusion in Japan and USA NDCs are provided. The document concludes that most countries do not address SOC in NDCs currently and that more specific inclusion of SOC measures and targets in future NDCs could increase transparency and demonstrate leadership on this issue.
1) The session will discuss how pursuing land degradation neutrality (LDN) and climate change adaptation targets can achieve co-benefits. LDN seeks to maintain ecosystem services from land to enhance food security and resilience while increasing sustainability.
2) Achieving LDN requires preventing further land degradation through approaches like avoiding, reducing and reversing degradation to maintain the land's natural capital. National adaptation plans can integrate LDN planning.
3) Over 100 countries have committed to set LDN targets in line with SDG 15.3, showing growing recognition of LDN's ability to balance competing land needs and achieve multiple sustainability objectives.
This document summarizes a presentation given by Dr. Winston Asante of the Nature Conservation Research Centre (NCRC) on their cocoa carbon initiative in Ghana. [1] NCRC is a leading NGO in West Africa working on payments for ecosystem services and carbon projects. [2] The presentation described NCRC's work with cocoa farmer organizations funded by the Rockefeller Foundation to develop carbon methodologies and build capacity for REDD+ and carbon finance. [3] Early findings showed that legal and policy frameworks need reform to incentivize forest conservation and address land tenure issues.
The document summarizes a forum focused on building readiness for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) through cross-stakeholder dialogue and collaboration. It discusses the advisory committee that will guide activities, a past readiness workshop in Ghana, critical elements identified for African countries, practical steps for the near and long term, and plans for future collaboration workshops and an introductory film on REDD. It also provides an overview of key issues still under discussion related to REDD implementation, including the scale of accounting/crediting, establishing baselines, defining the scope, and potential financing mechanisms.
Tracy Johns - Forum on Readiness for REDDtheREDDdesk
The document discusses REDD readiness and the UNFCCC REDD process. It summarizes (1) the Forum on Readiness for REDD, which focuses on building REDD readiness through cross-stakeholder dialogue and collaboration. It also (2) provides an overview of REDD readiness activities around the world and (3) summarizes the key discussions and outcomes around REDD from UNFCCC conferences in Montreal, Bali, Poznan, and looking ahead to meetings in 2009 in Bonn and Copenhagen.
Gichu, a. no date. redd management arrangements. kenya forest servicetheREDDdesk
This document outlines Kenya's proposed national management framework for REDD+. It establishes a 4-tier structure consisting of a National REDD+ Steering Committee, Technical Working Group, National REDD+ Coordinating Office, and REDD+ Component Task Forces. The Steering Committee will provide policy guidance and oversight, while the Technical Working Group will provide advisory support. The Coordinating Office will coordinate implementation and communications, and the Task Forces will focus on specific REDD+ strategies. Field-based REDD+ Officers will also support implementation at the local level.
Gichu, a. no date. redd management arrangements. kenya forest servicetheREDDdesk
This document outlines Kenya's proposed national management framework for REDD+. It establishes a 4-tier structure consisting of a National REDD+ Steering Committee, Technical Working Group, National REDD+ Coordinating Office, and REDD+ Component Task Forces. The Steering Committee will provide policy guidance and oversight, while the Technical Working Group will provide advisory support. The Coordinating Office will coordinate implementation and communications. Component Task Forces will focus on specific REDD+ strategies.
Gichu, a. no date. redd management arrangements. kenya forest servicetheREDDdesk
This document outlines Kenya's proposed national management framework for REDD+. It establishes a 4-tier structure consisting of a National REDD+ Steering Committee, Technical Working Group, National REDD+ Coordinating Office, and REDD+ Component Task Forces. The Steering Committee will provide policy guidance and oversight, while the Technical Working Group will provide advisory support. The Coordinating Office will coordinate implementation and communications, and the Task Forces will focus on specific REDD+ strategies. Field-based REDD+ Officers will also support implementation at the local level.
1) Malaysia recognizes forestry as an important economic sector and is making efforts to manage its forest resources sustainably through various policies and practices.
2) Key aspects of sustainable forest management in Malaysia include establishing permanent forest reserves, determining annual allowable cuts, implementing reduced impact logging, and obtaining timber certification.
3) While some deforestation has occurred historically for development purposes, Malaysia's forest policies and practices have helped reduce deforestation rates and promote sustainable management of its production and protection forests.
This document discusses empowering commercial forestry through incentives for small- and large-scale forests from an Australian and global perspective. It identifies that forests providing less desirable goods and services are more economically viable than diverse, species-rich forests. It proposes a solution called "TRI Green!" that focuses on providing incentives through tenure security, regulations, and payments on a per-hectare basis to landholders who conserve biodiversity and utilize forests sustainably. The goal is to make conservation-oriented land uses as economically attractive as alternative land uses to enhance both goods and services from forests.
Landscape approaches to future forest and tree resources managementtheREDDdesk
This document discusses landscape approaches to future forest and tree resource management. It addresses what a landscape is, provides a portrait of current forests and trees, and examines some of the problems addressed through landscape approaches. These include issues like deforestation, forest degradation, and the need to consider production, biodiversity, ecosystem services, livelihoods, policies and institutions across scales when managing landscapes.
Forest conservation in light of climate changetheREDDdesk
This document discusses forest conservation strategies in light of climate change in Africa. It begins with definitions of forest and forest conservation. It then outlines observed and projected climate trends in different African eco-regions, including warming temperatures and changing precipitation patterns. These climate changes impact trees, forests, and biodiversity. Effective forest conservation under climate change requires both research and adaptive policy approaches. Strategies discussed include identifying and protecting climate refugia, expanding protected areas, and increasing landscape connectivity. The concepts of species sensitivity, adaptation, accommodation, and transformation are also introduced to frame conservation responses under increasing climate threats.
The document discusses gender issues related to REDD+ forest governance programs in Asia. It finds that while REDD+ aims to reduce emissions from deforestation, provide benefits to forest communities, and support conservation, gender has often been overlooked in design and implementation. Women are highly dependent on forests for livelihoods but face barriers like lack of secure land tenure and participation. The assessment identifies ways to better include women, such as strengthening land rights, providing capacity building, ensuring benefit sharing recognizes women's roles, and promoting women's leadership in REDD+.
This document summarizes a REDD+ project in the Madre de Dios region of Peru. The project aims to reduce deforestation from agricultural expansion threatening Brazil nut concessions by improving incomes for nut harvesters and strengthening control and monitoring of the concessions. Activities include building a processing plant, providing training and advisory support, and selling carbon credits to generate income for nut harvesters and concession protection programs.
REDD experiences in Latin America: Lessons Learned at the project leveltheREDDdesk
This document summarizes two REDD+ projects in Peru - a Brazil nut harvesting project in Madre de Dios region and a protected areas project in Tambopata National Reserve and Bahuaja Sonene National Park. For the Brazil nut project, a company is working with Brazil nut harvesters to improve incomes and forest protection through a processing plant, profits from carbon sales, and other activities. For the protected areas project, a non-profit organization was contracted to administer the areas and implement sustainable development activities with support from carbon finance over 20 years. Both projects aim to reduce deforestation pressures from small farmers and migrants through alternative livelihoods and enforcement.
REDD+ aims to provide funding to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. It has expanded to include conservation, sustainable forest management, and enhancement of forest carbon stocks. Forested wetlands could make large contributions to carbon sequestration and storage but realizing their potential faces challenges, including developing robust monitoring of carbon, biodiversity, and socioeconomic impacts, and ensuring participation and benefits for local communities. Practical guidance is needed to implement restoration that achieves multiple objectives of carbon sequestration, ecosystem services, and community support.
Opportunity and Risk of REDD+, Green Economy, and Sustainable DevelopmenttheREDDdesk
The document discusses opportunity and risk of REDD+, green economy, and sustainable development. It outlines that properly managed, REDD+ and a green economy can provide new business opportunities in Indonesia, such as ecotourism and value-added forestry industries, while conserving the environment. However, challenges include the sustainability of international commitments, government policy changes, and private sector involvement. The document recommends mitigating risks by changing to an ownership culture, balancing economic growth and environmental protection, prioritizing education, and providing incentives for private sector participation.
Thank you for the report and discussion. It provides important insights into the challenges of ensuring free, prior and informed consent in complex contexts.
Thank you for the discussion. Key points were made about improving community involvement in decision making and ensuring information flows both up and down.
This document summarizes a study on how land tenure issues relate to REDD+ programs. The study found that unclear or informal land tenure can lead to the exclusion of forest communities from REDD+ benefits and increase the risk of land grabbing. At the national level, countries had substantial land tenure problems but weak policies to address them. Project-level efforts by proponents tried to address tenure, but were limited without stronger national frameworks. While REDD+ is raising more discussion on tenure rights, the outcomes still carry both risks and opportunities that depend on how rights are approached and whether local communities or elites capture the benefits.
Indigenous peoples in Kenya face challenges regarding REDD+ implementation, as the government does not fully recognize them and they are not involved in the REDD+ process. Deforestation is driven by demand for timber, fuelwood, and charcoal as well as poverty. Climate change is negatively impacting indigenous livelihoods. There is a need for capacity building, IP involvement in REDD+, and measures to ensure good governance. Kenya has forest policies and laws, but IP concerns are not fully addressed. Information about REDD+ remains limited.
Redd readiness activities in kenya iisdtheREDDdesk
Kenya has begun REDD readiness activities to reduce deforestation and forest degradation. The Kenya Forest Service coordinates national REDD efforts through a technical working group divided into subgroups focusing on consultation and participation, methodology, and policy/institutions. Progress includes developing a readiness proposal and consultation plan with support from the FCPF. Key challenges include establishing an emissions reference level and monitoring system to measure carbon stocks and emissions reductions from REDD+ activities across Kenya's forest types and sectors.
Kenya has initiated REDD+ readiness activities to address deforestation drivers like agricultural expansion, unsustainable forest resource use, and overgrazing. The country is developing a REDD+ strategy and reference emissions level through stakeholder consultation. Proposed interventions include improved forest governance, alternative livelihoods, and community benefit sharing from forest conservation. Key challenges include establishing baselines and monitoring systems for carbon and biodiversity, and generating cross-sectoral support for REDD+ implementation. Water tower forests like Mau are prioritized for restoration and carbon market investment to supplement conservation efforts.
Kishwan, J. (2011) REDD+ Negotiations: India’s PreparednesstheREDDdesk
Presentation from the South Asian Media Briefing Workshop on Climate Change, November 2011.
http://www.cseindia.org/content/cses-south-asian-media-briefing-workshop-climate-change-2011
Sharachchandra, L. (2011) India’s Policy towards REDD+: Dense Forest Ahead!theREDDdesk
Presentation from the South Asian Media Briefing Workshop on Climate Change, November 2011.
http://www.cseindia.org/content/cses-south-asian-media-briefing-workshop-climate-change-2011
Sharachchandra, L. (2011) India’s Policy towards REDD+: Dense Forest Ahead!
Tcg osiris bangkok 091004
1. The
Terrestrial
Carbon
Group
Reference
Emission
Levels
Using
the
Collaborative
Modeling
Initiative’s
OSIRIS
Tool
to
Compare
Various
Designs
for
RED(D+)
Reference
Emission
Levels
and
Incentive
Systems
Presentation
by
Ralph
Ashton
Convenor
and
Chair,
Terrestrial
Carbon
Group
Senior
Policy
Fellow
and
Project
Director,
The
Heinz
Center
Visiting
Scholar,
Columbia
University
ralph.ashton@terrestrialcarbon.org
Forum
on
Readiness
for
REDD:
REDD
Negotiator
Training
Workshop
Bangkok,
4
October
2009
2. The
Terrestrial
Carbon
Group
Science,
Economics,
Public
Policy
Ralph
Ashton
Tim
Flannery
Carlos
Nobre
Chatib
Basri
Thomas
Lovejoy
Hugh
Possingham
Rizaldi
Boer
Yadvinder
Malhi
Bernhard
Schlamadinger†
Peter
Cosier
Jacques
Marcovitch
Hadi
Soesastro
Ruth
DeFries
Warwick
McKibbin
Joseph
Stiglitz
Mohamed
El-‐Ashry
Daniel
Nepstad
Bernardo
Strassburg
Please
see
full
paper
for
†
RIP
2008
more
details
–
available
in
five
languages
Objective:
Terrestrial
carbon
is
effectively
included
in
the
international
response
to
climate
change
The
Terrestrial
Carbon
Group
2
3. Selected
Key
Policy
Considerations
1
Scale
2
Scope
At
what
scale
should
action
be
What
scope
of
terrestrial
carbon
and
measured
and
rewarded?
land
management
activities
should
be
Project
/
sub-‐national
included?
National
RED
Aggregate
of
participating
REDD
nations
REDD-‐plus
Global
all
sectors
AFOLU
3
Conceptual
Approach
4
Sources
of
Incentives
What
should
action
be
measured
How
should
incentives
be
provided?
against?
Carbon
market
Business
as
usual
Voluntary
or
performance-‐based
Status
quo
funds
Pragmatic
Carbon-‐market
linked
funds
Negotiated
Meeting
national
commitments
The
Terrestrial
Carbon
Group
Emerging
consensus
Some
support
3
4. Different
Circumstances
/
Different
Views?
(IPCC:
mitigation
potential
per
annum
in
2030
up
to
US$100
/
tonne
CO2e)
GtCO2e
pa
4
Agriculture
2
Forest
Sequestration
Avoided
Deforestation
0
Latin
America
South
&
South
East
Africa
Asia
The
Terrestrial
Carbon
Group
4
6. Geographic
Distribution
of
Volatile
Terrestrial
Carbon*
Top
10
Volatile
Forest
Carbon
GtC
Top
10
Volatile
Non-‐Forest
Carbon
GtC
Brazil
86.9
Brazil
19.3
Democratic
Republic
of
Congo
39.2
China
19.1
Indonesia
27.3
India
10.8
China
18.1
Indonesia
10.4
Peru
14.8
Argentina
9.4
Angola
12.3
Mexico
7.8
Colombia
11.8
Sudan
6.8
Bolivia
10.0
Kazakhstan
6.7
Mexico
9.5
Democratic
Republic
of
Congo
4.1
Venezuela
8.5
South
Africa
4.1
Total
Top
10
238.3
Total
Top
10
98.5
Total
All
Non-‐Annex
I
Countries
363.7
Total
All
Non-‐Annex
I
Countries
207.1
Top
10
as
%
of
all
66%
Top
10
as
%
of
all
48%
*
Carbon
that
would
be
emitted
in
the
event
of
land
The
Terrestrial
Carbon
Group
use
change
=>
100%
vegetation
&
25%
soil
6
7. The
OSIRIS
Tool
OSIRIS
is
a
free,
transparent,
accessible
and
open
source
decision
support
spreadsheet
tool
designed
to
support
UNFCCC
negotiations
on
REDD+
www.conservation.org/osiris
Collaborative
Modelling
Initiative
Woods
Hole
Research
Center
With
the
International
The
Terrestrial
Carbon
Group
Institute
for
Applied
Systems
Analysis
(IIASA)
The
Terrestrial
Carbon
Group
7
8. OSIRIS:
Policy-‐Relevant
Outputs
OSIRIS
country-‐by-‐country
outputs:
Decrease
or
increase
in
deforestation
(Ha/yr)
Decrease
or
increase
in
emissions
from
deforestation
(ton
CO2
e/yr)
Distribution
of
revenue
($/yr)
Cost-‐efficiency
of
emissions
reductions
($/ton
CO2
e)
Currently
limited
to
RED
(rather
than
REDD,
REDD+
or
AFOLU)
Focused
on
comparing
effectiveness,
efficiency
and
equity
The
Terrestrial
Carbon
Group
This
slide
is
modified
from
a
presentation
by
Jonah
Busch
(Conservation
International)
8
9. OSIRIS:
Flexible
Inputs
Reference
level
design
Base
period
(’90-‐’00
or
’00-‐’05)
Carbon
price
($/ton
CO2)
Responsiveness
of
price
of
Management
cost
and
transaction
frontier
land
agricultural
cost
($/Ha
or
$/ton
CO2)
output
to
changes
in
extent
Fraction
of
soil
carbon
eligible
for
of
deforestation
(“price
RED(D+)
elasticity
of
demand”)
Market,
fund,
or
quota
Weight
of
countries’
Timing
of
payment
preference
for
REDD+
surplus
vs.
agricultural
surplus
Suite
of
countries
participating
in
RED(D+)
Design-‐specific
parameters
Can
be
adapted
to
answer
negotiators’
questions
The
Terrestrial
Carbon
Group
This
slide
is
modified
from
a
presentation
by
Jonah
Busch
(Conservation
International)
9
10. OSIRIS:
Designs
Compared
Design
option
Reference
Description
“Without
REDD”
FAO
FRA
(2005)
Counterfactual
business
as
usual
scenario
“National
historical”
Santilli
et
al
(2005)
Reference
rate
is
historical
for
all
countries
“Higher
than
historical
Mollicone
et
al
Reference
deforestation
rate
is
0.15%
for
low-‐
for
countries
with
low
(2007);
da
Fonseca
deforestation
countries;
Baseline
is
historical
deforestation
rates”
et
al
(2007)
for
high
deforestation
countries
“Weighted
average
of
Strassburg
et
al
Reference
rate
is
0.85*historical
rate
for
all
national
and
global”
(2008)
countries
+
0.15*global
average
rate
Reference
rate
is
historical
for
all
countries;
15%
“Flow
withholding
Cattaneo
et
al
“withholding”
on
flow
payments
to
pay
for
and
stock
payment”
(2008)
stock
payments
“Annualized
fraction
At-‐risk
forest
stock
in
high-‐defor
countries
Ashton
et
al
of
forest
stock
at
risk
emitted
by
2050;at-‐risk
forest
stock
in
low-‐
(2008)
of
emission”
deforestation
countries
emitted
by
2100
“Cap
and
trade
for
Eliasch
(2008);
For
Cap
is
historical
for
all
countries;
countries
REDD”
comparison
only
above
cap
must
purchase
credits
New
/
other
designs
can
be
added
and
compared
in
the
tool
The
Terrestrial
Carbon
Group
This
slide
is
modified
from
a
presentation
by
Jonah
Busch
(Conservation
International)
10
11. OSIRIS:
Selected
Results
Significant
Emission
Reductions
in
all
Regions
under
all
Compared
Designs
The
Terrestrial
Carbon
Group
This
slide
is
modified
from
a
presentation
by
Jonah
Busch
(Conservation
International)
11
12. OSIRIS:
Key
Messages
Action
more
RED(D+)
can
be
an
effective,
efficient
source
of
emissions
important
than
reductions
under
a
broad
range
of
reference
level
designs
Exact
Design
Design
Impacts
But,
reference
level
design
determines
distribution
of
Who
Gets
What
payments
to
countries
The
most
effective,
efficient
RED(D+)
designs
balance
High
and
Low
incentives
for
reducing
historically
high
rates
of
Deforesters
both
deforestation
with
incentives
for
maintaining
historically
low
Critical
rates
of
deforestation
Extending
RED(D+)
incentives
to
countries
with
historically
Low
Deforesters
low
deforestation
rates
can
prevent
leakage
to
those
Key
to
Avoiding
countries,
making
the
RED(D+)
mechanism
more
effective
Leakage
overall
Agriculture
The
overall
effectiveness
of
RED(D+)
can
be
increased
by
Planning
is
Vital
meeting
agricultural
needs
off
the
tropical
forest
frontier
The
Terrestrial
Carbon
Group
This
slide
is
modified
from
a
presentation
by
Jonah
Busch
(Conservation
International)
12
13. OSIRIS:
Next
Steps
to
Copenhagen
RED(D+)
designs
of
Co-‐benefits
of
RED(D+)
interest
to
parties
(development,
water,
biodiversity)
Impacts
of
RED(D+)
incentives
to
2050
(with
Phased
implementation
of
IIASA)
RED(D+)
by
countries
Market
vs
fund
vs
quota
Downscaled
analyses
in
key
countries
(Indonesia,
Peru,
Distribution
and
equity
Madagascar,
Liberia,
Guyana,
Suriname,
Brazil)
The
Terrestrial
Carbon
Group
This
slide
is
modified
from
a
presentation
by
Jonah
Busch
(Conservation
International)
13
14. Terrestrial
Carbon
Group
Policy
Briefs
Available
at
terrestrialcarbon.org
We
welcome
suggestions
for
other
topics
With
1.
Distribution
of
2.
Tools
for
3.
Estimating
4.
Legal
and
5.
Measuring
and
Terrestrial
Carbon
Setting
Reference
Tropical
Forest
Institutional
Monitoring
Across
Developing
Emission
Levels
Carbon
at
Risk
of
Foundations
for
Terrestrial
Carbon
Countries
Emission
from
the
National
as
Part
of
Deforestation
Implementation
“REDD+”
MRV
Globally
of
REDD
Systems
(and
Background
(and
Background
Report
with
Case
Report)
Studies)
The
Terrestrial
Carbon
Group
14
15. A
Solution
at
Copenhagen
COP15
1. An
overarching
framework
for
terrestrial
carbon
that
includes:
Forestry
immediately,
through
joint
or
separate
mechanisms
for:
Avoided
emissions;
and
New
sequestration
(either
a
reformed
CDM
or
a
new
mechanism,
or
both)
A
detailed
program
of
work
to
fill
scientific,
methodological,
technical,
and
capacity
gaps
to
bring
in
Agriculture
and
Other
Land
Use
by
as
early
as
2013
2. Establish
a
new
World
Land
Use
Organisation
(or
mandate
an
existing
organisation)
to
coordinate,
support,
and
drive
the
transition
to
a
global
land-‐use
management
approach
that
provides
sufficient
food,
fiber,
fuel,
and
other
land-‐based
values
to
a
growing
global
population
in
a
land-‐
and
carbon-‐constrained
world
The
Terrestrial
Carbon
Group
15
17. Why
Reference
Emission
Levels
(and
Sequestration
Levels)
are
Required
When
creating
a
system
that
incentivizes
avoided
emissions
and
increased
sequestration,
it
is
necessary
to
know:
What
is
being
rewarded
How
to
measure
success
How
to
link
project,
sub-‐national,
and
national
action
to
international
reporting
Therefore
need
to
agree:
Reference
emission
levels
Reference
sequestration
levels
The
Terrestrial
Carbon
Group
17
18. Avoiding
Emissions
vs
Reducing
Rates
Climate
change
is
a
%
Year
O
Volume
Carbon
120
greenhouse
gas
problem
100
Reducing
rates
of
deforestation
is
an
80
important
near-‐term
goal,
but
reducing
rates
is
not
60
enough
Goal
Must
also
avoid
emissions
40
Otherwise
same
area
of
forest
will
be
destroyed,
20
and
same
volume
of
greenhouse
gas
will
be
0
emitted,
but
over
a
longer
Year
period
Business
as
Usual
Reduced
Rate
Avoided
Emissions
Total
Emissions
The
Terrestrial
Carbon
Group
18
19. Conceptual
Approach:
Schematic
Reward
performance
Most
important
compared
with
what
Incentivise
only
outcome
is
that
a
would
happen
in
the
countries
with
Use
historical
data
threshold
number
of
future
without
the
emissions
in
the
because
it
is
the
only
countries
agree
incentive
system
immediate
past
“real”
data
available
to
the
RELs
Business
Status
Quo
Pragmatic
Negotiated
as
Usual
Extrapolated
Adjusted
Forward-‐
Historical
Historical
Looking
History
is
a
good
History
is
a
good
but
The
only
way
to
guide
to
the
future
imperfect
guide,
and
understand
future
(or
its
best
therefore
adjust
emissions
is
to
model
approximation),
and
historical
data
to
the
future,
taking
into
therefore
extrapolate
improve
its
predictive
account
factors
that
historical
data
into
the
capability
drive
and
constrain
future
emissions
from
land
use
The
Terrestrial
Carbon
Group
19
20. Conceptual
Approach:
Evaluation
Data
Required
Potential
Problems
Historical
data
• Might
require
models
and
assumptions
Business
and
/
or
various
• Might
have
relatively
high
data
availability
as
Usual
legal,
biophysical
(see
also
next
slide
and
“Tools
for
Setting
RELs”
section)
and
economic
data
• Ignores
modelling
that
shows
that
an
incentive
system
that
excludes
countries
with
terrestrial
carbon
at
risk
Status
Quo
Only
historical
data
of
emission
will
cause
significant
“leakage”,
thereby
undoing
the
climate
impact
of
the
system
• Historical
data
is
not
necessarily
accurate,
even
in
terms
of
representing
emissions
in
the
historical
Pragmatic
Only
historical
data
period
in
question
• Does
not
specifically
address
additionality
Can
be
based
on
• This
approach
will
be
problematic
if
it
does
not
Negotiated
any
number
of
specifically
address
additionality
methodologies
The
Terrestrial
Carbon
Group
20
21. Conceptual
Approach:
Is
History
a
Good
Guide?
Demand
for
Food,
Prices
for
Population
Fibre,
Fuel,
Land
&
(Increase
from
7
to
Carbon,
Commod-‐
9
billion
by
2050)
and
Land
ities
Land
Land-‐Use
Availability
Possible
Under-‐Estimation
Decisions
(especially
after
What
do
these
dynamics
mean
for
and
Land
deforestation)
threats
to
vegetated
land
in
Availability
developing
nations?
Possible
Over-‐Estimation
The
Terrestrial
Carbon
Group
Forests
eventually
run
out…
21
22. TCG
Analysis
on
Tools
for
RELs
1. Outlines
policy
considerations
facing
decision-‐makers
when
setting
an
REL
including
on
scale,
scope,
and
conceptual
approach
(see
previous
section)
2. Analyses
9
existing
tools
that
can
be
used
to
set
reference
emission
levels
3. Draws
conclusions
about:
Ability
of
these
tools
to
meet
policy
needs
Data
that
are
required
regardless
of
the
detailed
rules
How
easily
can
the
reference
emission
level
be
set
Available
at
based
on
cost,
data
requirements
and
availability,
www.terrestrialcarbon.org
and
complexity
The
Terrestrial
Carbon
Group
22
23. d
Tool
Comparison
Update
Being FAC GCOMAP GEOMOD GTM Guyana EVN
IIASA G4M &
GLOBIOM
LUCS
Sim-Amazonia
1
TCG 3 Filters
Scale
Project / Sub-National
National
Regional
Aggregate of Participating Nations
Scope
RED
REDD
REDD-plus (without degradation)
AFOLU
Emissions (not just area change)
Conceptual Approach:
Business as Usual Perspective
Extrapolated Historical
Adjusted Historical
Forward-Looking
Feasibility
Feasibility High Medium Low Medium Medium Low Medium Low Medium
Spatially explicit data used
Major Drivers and Constraints
Considered
Legal
Biophysical
Economic
Other
Developing
Original Geographic Focus Not specific Not specific Costa Rica Not specific Guyana Not specific Not specific Amazon Basin
Countries
Timeframe 20 years 100 years 20 years 100 years 30 years 100 years 20 years 30-40 years Long Run
Dynamic
The
Terrestrial
Carbon
Group
Key: = Possible with Current Tool; = Possible with Adaptations to Current Tool or More Data 23
24. Key
Data
for
Tools
for
RELs
The
following
data
was
used
by
four
or
more
of
the
tools
reviewed:
Forest
(carbon
stock,
net
primary
productivity,
type)
Land
use
data
Soil
/
suitability
of
land
for
agriculture
Timber
(species,
age,
increment,
yield)
Commodity
prices
(agriculture
and
forestry)
Cost
/
investment
(land,
governance
and
monitoring,
harvest,
herd
establishment,
planting,
transport)
Population
(change,
density,
growth
rate)
Carbon
density
information
is
also
essential
The
Terrestrial
Carbon
Group
24
25. REL
Tools:
Implications
The
more
a
REL
reflects
a
reasonable
business
as
usual
scenario,
the
more
it
guarantees
additionality
RELs
are
a
policy
choice
and
might
or
might
not
correspond
exactly
with
a
business
as
usual
scenario
Tools
can
provide
a
yardstick
to
measure
the
credibility
of
RELs
Further
policy
work
should
focus
on
making
tools
for
setting
RELs
more
feasible
across
a
range
of
scopes,
countries,
and
policy
considerations
rather
than
on
making
existing
tools
more
accurate
Aggregate
of
country
RELs
(including
the
volume
of
potential
international
offsets)
must
be
reflected
in
the
overall
global
carbon
budget
The
Terrestrial
Carbon
Group
25
26. Determining
Terrestrial
Carbon
At
Risk
of
Emission
1. Total
Terrestrial
Carbon:
Estimate
total
volume
of
terrestrial
carbon
in
vegetation
and
soil
2. Volatile
Terrestrial
Carbon:
Calculate
carbon
that
would
be
emitted
in
the
event
of
land
use
change
100%
carbon
in
vegetation
and
25%
carbon
in
soil
3. At-‐Risk
Terrestrial
Carbon:
Use
Terrestrial
Carbon
Group
“3
Filters”
methodology
to
estimate
volatile
carbon
at
risk
of
emission
over
the
long
run
Available
at
www.terrestrialcarbon.org
The
Terrestrial
Carbon
Group
26
27. Geographic
Distribution
of
Volatile
Terrestrial
Carbon*
Top
10
Volatile
Forest
Carbon
GtC
Top
10
Volatile
Non-‐Forest
Carbon
GtC
Brazil
86.9
Brazil
19.3
Democratic
Republic
of
Congo
39.2
China
19.1
Indonesia
27.3
India
10.8
China
18.1
Indonesia
10.4
Peru
14.8
Argentina
9.4
Angola
12.3
Mexico
7.8
Colombia
11.8
Sudan
6.8
Bolivia
10.0
Kazakhstan
6.7
Mexico
9.5
Democratic
Republic
of
Congo
4.1
Venezuela
8.5
South
Africa
4.1
Total
Top
10
238.3
Total
Top
10
98.5
Total
All
Non-‐Annex
I
Countries
363.7
Total
All
Non-‐Annex
I
Countries
207.1
Top
10
as
%
of
all
66%
Top
10
as
%
of
all
48%
*
Carbon
that
would
be
emitted
in
the
event
of
land
The
Terrestrial
Carbon
Group
use
change
=>
100%
vegetation
&
25%
soil
27
28. “3
Filters”
Method
to
Determine
Volatile
Carbon
At
Risk
of
Emission
over
Long
Term
Effectively
Protected
• Legally
protected
1.
by
Law
• Effective
governance
2.
Biophysically
unsuitable
• Climate,
soil
and
terrain
conditions
for
agriculture,
pasture
• Input
levels
&
management
conditions
[or
logging]
Economic
constraints
• Level
of
agricultural
development
3.
• Access
to
markets:
local,
national,
[international]
mean
unlikely
• [Level
of
demand
for
food,
fibre,
fuel]
to
fulfil
biophysical
• [Extent
of
population
pressures]
potential
• [Proximity
to
current
deforestation
frontier]
The
Terrestrial
Carbon
Group
Note:
Square
brackets
indicate
not
yet
incorporated
in
tool
28
29. Tropical
Forest
Carbon
at
Risk
Globally
(preliminary
results)
Yellow
=
Tropical
Forest
Carbon
at
Risk
Green
=
Effectively
Protected
by
Law
White
=
No
Tropical
Forest
Carbon
or
no
data
GtC
Africa
Asia
Latin
America
Total
Potentially
at
Risk
82.5
46.6
136.2
265.3
Effectively
protected
(6.9)
(5.9)
(39.6)
(52.4)
Biophysically
unsuitable
and/or
(18.8)
(13.4)
(11.2)
(43.5)
economically
unfeasible
At
Risk
58.2
29.6
87.8
175.5
%
of
total
potentially
at
risk
71%
64%
64%
66%
The
Terrestrial
Carbon
Group
29
30. TCG
Modeling:
Next
Steps
to
Copenhagen
Terrestrial
Carbon
Group
is
working
independently
and
collaboratively
on:
Refining
existing
Terrestrial
Carbon
Group
modeling
to:
Capture
the
dynamic
future
(biophysical
and
economic)
Capture
‘at
risk’
profile
over
time
(not
just
aggregate
over
long
run)
Update
the
global
carbon
map
(completed
with
Holly
Gibbs)
Widen
the
scope
of
existing
Terrestrial
Carbon
Group
modeling
to:
Include
deforestation
of
all
forest
types
(not
just
tropical)
Include
afforestation
/
reforestation
potential
Include
degradation
Include
agricultural
carbon
emissions
The
Terrestrial
Carbon
Group
30
31. Key
Actions
Required
for
RELs
International
Ensure
longevity
of
earth
observation
infrastructure:
satellites,
Remote
Sensing
receiving
stations,
analysis
capacity
(human
and
computing)
Improve
field
measurement
capabilities
and
expand
coverage
Science
of
conversion
factors
(land
use
types,
species,
regions),
especially
for
forest
degradation
and
peatlands
Negotiations
Agree
to
each
country’s
REL,
including
RELs
for
early
action
National
Gather
and
analyse
key
data
at
local,
provincial
/
island,
and
Data
national
levels
for
RELs
and
ongoing
measuring
and
monitoring
(remote
sensing
and
field
measurements)
Science
As
for
International,
but
focused
on
local
conditions
Establish
national
institutions
to
link
project,
sub-‐national
and
Institutions
national
RELs
to
each
other
and
to
international
reporting
requirements
The
Terrestrial
Carbon
Group
31
32. Notes
and
Sources
Slide:
“Different
Circumstances
/
Different
Views?”
Slide:
“OSIRIS:
Selected
Results”
Mitigation
potential
by
sector:
Avoided
Deforestation,
Forest
Busch,
J.
et
al
in
press.
2009.
OSIRIS
v2.6
Parameter
values:
C02
price=$5/
Sequestration
and
Agriculture
show
annual
mitigation
potential
at
ton
CO2
;
Permanence
scale=1.00;
Elasticity
of
demand=1.0;
Social
less
than
US$100
/
tCO2
in
2030
based
on
forest
carbon;
preference
for
REDD
surplus
=
1.00;
Mgmt
cost=$3.50/Ha/yr;
Soil
carbon
agricultural
sequestration;
and
avoidance
of
N2O
and
CH4
eligible=0.25;
Baseline
for
low
defor=0.0015;
Weight
on
historical=0.85;
emissions,
mainly
from
livestock
(<
0.1
Gt).
Developing
countries
=
Stock-‐flow
withholding=0.15;
Low
defor
emitted
by:
2100;
High
defor
Non-‐OECD
/
Non-‐EIT.
Smith
et
al.,
2007
(Figure
8.5:
Total
technical
emitted
by:
2050
mitigation
potentials
(all
practices,
all
GHGs:
MtCO2-‐eq/yr)
for
Slides:
“Conceptual
Approach:
Schematic”
to
“REL
Tools:
Implications”
each
region
by
2030,
showing
mean
estimates);
Nabuurs
et
al,
Terrestrial
Carbon
Group
Project.
2009.
Policy
Brief
Number
2
“Tools
for
2007
(Table
9.3:
Potential
of
mitigation
measures
of
global
Setting
Reference
Emission
Levels:
A
review
of
existing
tools
that
can
be
forestry
activities.
Global
model
results
indicate
annual
amount
used
to
set
a
benchmark
for
rewarding
reduced
emissions
and
increased
sequestered
or
emissions
avoided,
above
business
as
usual,
in
sequestration
of
greenhouse
gasses
in
the
terrestrial
system”,
available
at
2030
for
carbon
prices
100
US$/tCO2
and
less);
both
from
Climate
www.terrestrialcarbon.org.
Change
2007:
Mitigation.
Contribution
of
working
group
III
to
the
4th
assessment
report
of
the
IPCCC.
Slides:
“Determining
Terrestrial
Carbon
At
Risk
of
Emission”
to
“Tropical
Forest
Carbon
at
Risk
Globally”
Slide:
“Different
Circumstances
/
Different
Views?”
Terrestrial
Carbon
Group
Project.
2009.
Policy
Brief
Number
1
“Distribution
Griscom,
B.
et
al.
(2009)
Sensitivity
of
amounts
and
distribution
of
of
Terrestrial
Carbon
Across
Developing
Countries:
Forest
and
Non-‐Forest;
tropical
forest
carbon
credits
depending
on
baseline
rules.
Vegetation
and
Soil”
and
Project
Policy
Brief
Number
3
“Estimating
Tropical
Environmental
Science
and
Policy,
in
press.
Based
on
remaining
Forest
Carbon
at
Risk
of
Emission
from
Deforestation
Globally:
Applying
the
forest
in
1996
compared
with
original
forest
cover,
and
mean
Terrestrial
Carbon
Group
Reference
Emission
Level
Approach”
(available
at
annual
rate
of
forest
cover
loss
1990-‐2005
as
a
percentage
of
www.terrestrialcarbon.org),
and
Terrestrial
Carbon
Group
analysis.
original
forest
cover.
Slide:
“Geographic
Distribution
of
Volatile
Terrestrial
Carbon”
Data
sources:
Filters:
UNEP-‐WCMC,
WRI,
IIASA
/
FAO;
Carbon:
Gibbs,
IGBP.
Methodology
is
similar
to
that
used
in
Eliasch
Review.
Filter
3
is
currently
Terrestrial
Carbon
Group
Project.
2009.
Policy
Brief
Number
1
the
least
developed.
Ideally,
will
take
into
account
projections
of
local,
“Distribution
of
Terrestrial
Carbon
Across
Developing
Countries:
national
and
global
market
conditions,
which
will
depend
on
numerous
Forest
and
Non-‐Forest;
Vegetation
and
Soil”
(available
at
factors,
including
availability
of
alternative
agricultural
land,
yield
www.terrestrialcarbon.org).
improvements,
infrastructure,
population
growth
and
density.
The
Terrestrial
Carbon
Group
32