T.b
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•53 views
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the bacteria that causes tuberculosis. It is an acid-fast aerobic bacillus with a waxy cell wall that allows it to survive within host cells and evade the immune system. The bacteria typically infect the lungs but can spread to other organs. Its thick cell wall provides protection and makes tuberculosis infections difficult to treat with antibiotics. Clinical diagnosis involves radiological exams of the chest and testing sputum or biopsied lung samples for the presence of the bacteria.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Virus
This presentation provides an overview of viruses including:
1) It defines viruses as ultra-microscopic agents consisting of nucleic acid and protein that can only replicate inside host cells.
2) It discusses the history of virus discovery and key figures like Ivanovsky, Beijerinck, and Stanley.
3) It describes the typical characteristics of viruses like their acellular and obligate parasitic nature, composition of nucleic acid and protein capsids, small size, and inability to metabolize.
4) It covers virus morphology, classification based on shape, size, nucleic acid, and host range, and the multi-step process of viral replication within host cells.
5) It discusses common
Virus Transmission
This document discusses virus transmission and the various modes by which viruses can spread from person to person or host to host. It explains that transmission depends on viral concentration and route, with higher concentration leading to higher transmission chances. Some key transmission routes mentioned are respiratory secretions, blood, saliva, feces, and various entry points into the host like skin, eyes, and respiratory or alimentary tracts. The document also outlines some inherent barriers hosts have against viral infection, such as skin, lack of receptors, mucus, ciliated epithelium, and low pH levels.
Fungal spore 2
The document discusses fungal reproduction structures and spores. It describes various types of asexual reproduction structures in fungi like conidia, blastoconidia, and chlamydospores. It also discusses sexual reproduction structures like ascospores produced in asci within ascocarps and basidiospores. The document aims to teach students to identify fungi based on morphology of reproductive structures and spores produced from vegetative mycelium or fruiting bodies.
Tb
Mycobacteria are thin, nonmotile, nonspore forming rods that are obligate aerobes and slow growing. They have a cell wall with high lipid content and mycolic acid. Mycobacteria include M. tuberculosis, M. leprae, and several non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM). M. tuberculosis causes tuberculosis and has several virulence factors that allow it to survive inside host cells. TB remains a major global health problem, infecting over 1/3 of the world's population. M. leprae causes leprosy (Hansen's disease), which has an incubation period of 5-7 years.
Corneybacterium diptheriae
Corneybacterium diptheriae ,bacterium that causes diphtheria,Klebs–Löffler bacillus,infects the nasopharynx or skin, exotoxin
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Its my small effort for the beginners who want help to make their presentation on this topic.I hope u find it useful.
Mo W 02
Bacillus subtilis is a Gram-positive rod-shaped bacterium that forms chains and endospores, lives in soil, and can produce antibiotics like bacitracin. It is an obligate aerobe that does not cause disease and aids in decomposition. Streptococcus pyogenes is a Gram-positive coccus that can cause infections like necrotizing fasciitis, scarlet fever, and impetigo in humans. Rubeola virus causes measles, presenting as fever, conjunctivitis, cough, and rash, and is typically treated with vaccination in childhood.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the bacterium that causes tuberculosis (TB). It is a slow-growing aerobic bacterium with a lipid-rich cell wall containing mycolic acid. TB is transmitted via airborne droplets when people with active TB disease cough, sneeze or spit. Symptoms include cough, fever, fatigue and weight loss. TB is treated with a combination of antibiotics taken over 6-9 months to combat drug-resistant strains. While the BCG vaccine is used in high prevalence countries, it is not recommended in the US due to low risk and variable effectiveness.
Recommended
Virus
This presentation provides an overview of viruses including:
1) It defines viruses as ultra-microscopic agents consisting of nucleic acid and protein that can only replicate inside host cells.
2) It discusses the history of virus discovery and key figures like Ivanovsky, Beijerinck, and Stanley.
3) It describes the typical characteristics of viruses like their acellular and obligate parasitic nature, composition of nucleic acid and protein capsids, small size, and inability to metabolize.
4) It covers virus morphology, classification based on shape, size, nucleic acid, and host range, and the multi-step process of viral replication within host cells.
5) It discusses common
Virus Transmission
This document discusses virus transmission and the various modes by which viruses can spread from person to person or host to host. It explains that transmission depends on viral concentration and route, with higher concentration leading to higher transmission chances. Some key transmission routes mentioned are respiratory secretions, blood, saliva, feces, and various entry points into the host like skin, eyes, and respiratory or alimentary tracts. The document also outlines some inherent barriers hosts have against viral infection, such as skin, lack of receptors, mucus, ciliated epithelium, and low pH levels.
Fungal spore 2
The document discusses fungal reproduction structures and spores. It describes various types of asexual reproduction structures in fungi like conidia, blastoconidia, and chlamydospores. It also discusses sexual reproduction structures like ascospores produced in asci within ascocarps and basidiospores. The document aims to teach students to identify fungi based on morphology of reproductive structures and spores produced from vegetative mycelium or fruiting bodies.
Tb
Mycobacteria are thin, nonmotile, nonspore forming rods that are obligate aerobes and slow growing. They have a cell wall with high lipid content and mycolic acid. Mycobacteria include M. tuberculosis, M. leprae, and several non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM). M. tuberculosis causes tuberculosis and has several virulence factors that allow it to survive inside host cells. TB remains a major global health problem, infecting over 1/3 of the world's population. M. leprae causes leprosy (Hansen's disease), which has an incubation period of 5-7 years.
Corneybacterium diptheriae
Corneybacterium diptheriae ,bacterium that causes diphtheria,Klebs–Löffler bacillus,infects the nasopharynx or skin, exotoxin
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Its my small effort for the beginners who want help to make their presentation on this topic.I hope u find it useful.
Mo W 02
Bacillus subtilis is a Gram-positive rod-shaped bacterium that forms chains and endospores, lives in soil, and can produce antibiotics like bacitracin. It is an obligate aerobe that does not cause disease and aids in decomposition. Streptococcus pyogenes is a Gram-positive coccus that can cause infections like necrotizing fasciitis, scarlet fever, and impetigo in humans. Rubeola virus causes measles, presenting as fever, conjunctivitis, cough, and rash, and is typically treated with vaccination in childhood.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the bacterium that causes tuberculosis (TB). It is a slow-growing aerobic bacterium with a lipid-rich cell wall containing mycolic acid. TB is transmitted via airborne droplets when people with active TB disease cough, sneeze or spit. Symptoms include cough, fever, fatigue and weight loss. TB is treated with a combination of antibiotics taken over 6-9 months to combat drug-resistant strains. While the BCG vaccine is used in high prevalence countries, it is not recommended in the US due to low risk and variable effectiveness.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
The document provides historical and scientific information about Mycobacterium tuberculosis:
1) M. tuberculosis has been affecting humans for thousands of years and was a major cause of death in Europe between 1500-1900 AD.
2) In the late 19th/early 20th century, scientists like Robert Koch and Selman Waksman made discoveries that enabled the definitive diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis.
3) M. tuberculosis is classified as a slow-growing typical mycobacterium within the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, and its cell wall structure and components allow it to cause disease.
Corona virus ppt ey converted (1)
Coronaviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses that can cause respiratory infections in humans and other mammals. They derive their name from their crown-like appearance under microscopy. Several vaccines have been developed to provide immunity to COVID-19, including mRNA vaccines from Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna, adenovirus vector vaccines from AstraZeneca/Oxford and Johnson & Johnson, and inactivated whole virus vaccines from Sinopharm and Bharat Biotech. These vaccines work by training the immune system to recognize the virus and produce antibodies to fight future infections.
Virus vector relationship
This document discusses terminology related to virus transmission by vectors and different types of virus-vector relationships.
1. It defines terms like acquisition access period, acquisition feeding period, inoculation access period, inoculation feeding period, and transmission threshold that describe the process of a vector acquiring and transmitting a virus.
2. It describes three main types of virus-vector relationships: non-persistent, semi-persistent, and persistent. Non-persistent viruses are stylet-borne and lost quickly. Semi-persistent viruses persist for 10-100 hours in the foregut. Persistent viruses circulate and may multiply in the vector.
3. Within persistent viruses, it further distinguishes circulative non-propagative
What you need to know about the coronavirus
Coronaviruses are a group of viruses that can infect both animals and humans. The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that causes COVID-19 is threatening global health. Coronaviruses can cause respiratory illnesses like pneumonia and breathing difficulties in severe cases. While coronaviruses are dangerous, research has shown some may have potential medical value in destroying tumor cells. Scientists around the world are working to better detect and treat SARS-CoV-2 through more accurate testing and efficient treatments.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae
Mycobacterium leprae (uncommon)
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulaire Complex (MAC) or (M. avium)
Mycobacterium leprae
Clinical Mycology
Clinical Mycology in Indonesia focuses on fungal infections which are common in Indonesia due to its tropical climate and poverty-related hygiene issues. Some important fungal infections in Indonesia include superficial fungal infections of the skin and nails like tinea and candidiasis, as well as systemic fungal infections such as histoplasmosis, aspergillosis, and cryptococcosis. Common fungal pathogens in Indonesia include dermatophytes such as Trichophyton rubrum and Candida species. The document also discusses antifungal drug classes and examples like azoles, polyenes, and echinocandins that are used to treat different fungal infections.
Tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the bacterium that causes tuberculosis. It was isolated in 1884 by Robert Koch. M. tuberculosis is an acid-fast bacillus that grows slowly and can survive outside the body for months. It is transmitted through inhaling droplets from coughs or sneezes of infected individuals. Tuberculosis affects over a third of the world's population and causes millions of deaths each year. Diagnosis involves microscopy, culturing of sputum samples, chest x-rays, and tuberculin skin tests. Treatment requires a long course of multiple antibiotic drugs over several months.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis and atypical mycobacteria
This document discusses Mycobacterium tuberculosis and atypical mycobacteria. M. tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in humans, infecting over 9 million people and killing 1.7 million annually. It is transmitted between people and can cause lesions in the lungs. Diagnosis involves smear examination, culture, identification, and susceptibility testing. Atypical mycobacteria are classified into four groups - photochromogens, scotochromogens, nonchromogens, and rapid growers. Some important atypical species include M. kansasii, M. marinum, M. scrofulacium, M. avium complex, and M. fortuitum complex, which can cause disease in humans but are generally more resistant
Antifungal agents
This document provides information on antifungal agents, including their targets, mechanisms of action, and clinical uses. It discusses that fungi have cell walls made of chitin and cell membranes containing ergosterol. Major classes of antifungals are described such as azoles which inhibit ergosterol biosynthesis, and polyenes like amphotericin B which bind to ergosterol in the membrane. The development of antifungals over time is summarized, from amphotericin B to newer azoles and echinocandins. Common adverse effects of amphotericin B include fever, renal impairment, and hypotension.
Mumps
Mumps is caused by the mumps virus, an RNA virus of the paramyxovirus family. It spreads through respiratory droplets and causes acute benign viral parotitis or mumps of the parotid salivary glands. While antibody response is not sufficient to control infection on its own, cell-mediated immunity plays an important role in symptoms and disease control. Complications can include inflammation of the testes, ovaries or brain. The mumps vaccine is a live attenuated vaccine that is part of the routine MMR vaccine series and provides lifelong immunity against this contagious viral infection.
Mycobacterium (1)
This document discusses Mycobacterium species, including M. tuberculosis, M. leprae, and M. avium-intracellulaire complex (MAC). It covers the characteristics, diseases caused, and clinical presentations of infections by these mycobacteria. Key points include: M. tuberculosis is the primary cause of tuberculosis and a leading global infectious killer; M. leprae causes leprosy; and MAC can cause disseminated disease in AIDS patients with low CD4 counts. The review section summarizes the pathogenic mycobacteria, diseases they cause, clinical manifestations, histopathology, and effects of immunity.
Medical mycology
That describe about introduction about fungi
mycotoxins
Dermatophytosis
Candida spp
Mycetoma
Mycetoma
pathology diseases caused by mlo's
This document discusses diseases caused by mycoplasma-like organisms (MLOs). It provides background on the discovery of MLOs in 1967 as previously unknown plant pathogens. MLOs are defined as the smallest known living cells that are wall-less prokaryotes. Diseases caused by MLOs can induce both growth reduction and stimulation in plants, shown through symptoms like stunted growth. MLOs are transmitted between plants by phloem-feeding insects. Control methods are limited to using disease-free stocks and removing infected plants. Specific diseases discussed include peach rosette in peach trees and grassy shoot disease in sugarcane.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis-TB
This document provides information about Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria that causes tuberculosis (TB). It discusses the taxonomy, morphology, antigenic structure, types of TB, biochemical properties, culture characteristics, staining techniques, pathogenesis, symptoms, laboratory diagnosis including sputum and blood tests and skin tests, treatment which involves a combination of antibiotics, and preventive measures. M. tuberculosis was first identified in 1882 by Robert Koch and is transmitted through airborne droplets from the lungs of infected individuals. Proper treatment is essential to prevent active TB from developing.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
This document provides an overview of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and related species. It discusses their habitat in soil, water, and hospitals. P. aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause various infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. The document outlines several of P. aeruginosa's important virulence factors and describes some of its clinical manifestations, including pulmonary infections, skin and soft tissue infections, urinary tract infections, and eye infections. Molecular techniques help study the epidemiology and transmission of this multidrug-resistant bacterium.
Acinetobater infection Updated Medical Microbiological View
Acinetobater infection Updated Medical Microbiological View King Abdualziz Medical City -National Guard Health Affairs
Acinetobacter is a gram-negative bacteria that was discovered in 1911. It naturally inhabits soil and water and can cause infections in humans and animals. While commonly found on healthy human skin, it can also cause serious multidrug-resistant infections, especially in hospital settings. These infections include pneumonia, bloodstream infections, meningitis, and wound or urinary tract infections. Treatment is challenging due to high rates of resistance, but may include colistin, tigecycline, carbapenems, or polymyxins depending on the infection type and susceptibility results.Candidiasis
This document discusses candidiasis, caused by the yeast Candida. It begins with an introduction to mycology and the morphology of fungi. It then discusses candidiasis specifically, including its history, epidemiology, predisposing factors, pathogens involved, and pathophysiology. The document classifies the different types of candidiasis and discusses Candida in HIV patients. It covers the diagnosis and treatment of candidiasis and concludes with references.
Microbiology Ch. 1&2 (Dr. Sabri)
This document provides an overview of the history and development of microbiology. It discusses key discoveries made between 1857-1914 by Pasteur and Koch that established microbiology as a science. It also outlines the main branches of microbiology including bacteriology, immunology, virology, and mycology. The document describes the classification of life into four kingdoms - animals, plants, protists, and prokaryotes. It further explains the differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
Chan final-candida
Candida albicans is a commensal yeast that is also the most common fungal pathogen. It can cause infections ranging from superficial oral or vaginal candidiasis to life-threatening systemic infections in immunocompromised patients. C. albicans exists in both yeast and filamentous forms and its ability to switch between these morphologies is a key virulence factor that facilitates tissue invasion and disease. Current antifungal drugs have limitations due to emerging drug resistance, highlighting the need for new therapeutic strategies.
Blastomyces dermatitidis & Histoplasma capsulatum
Hello! Everyone,
my self Shabir Imteyaz Khan,
Here I am uploading a PPT On Mycology in the topic of Blastomyces dermatitidis & Histoplasma capsulatum, it is very useful for Medical & Microbiology students.
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis.pptx
This document provides information on Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It begins by describing the characteristics of mycobacteria in general, including their morphology and classification. It then focuses on M. tuberculosis, detailing its history, staining properties, culture characteristics, pathogenicity and mechanisms of virulence. The document discusses the pathogenesis of tuberculosis and describes the formation of granulomas. It also addresses epidemiology, laboratory diagnosis, and microscopy and culturing techniques used to detect M. tuberculosis.
Comparative computational analysis of mycobacterium species by using differen...
1. The document discusses Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria that causes tuberculosis. It is spread through the air and infects the lungs.
2. M. tuberculosis has an unusual waxy coating that makes it difficult to stain and allows it to survive outside of the body for weeks. It divides slowly compared to other bacteria.
3. When it infects lungs, M. tuberculosis is taken up by immune cells but is able to avoid being destroyed, allowing it to multiply unchecked inside the cells. Its unusual cell wall structure helps it evade the immune response and is a key virulence factor.
More Related Content
What's hot
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
The document provides historical and scientific information about Mycobacterium tuberculosis:
1) M. tuberculosis has been affecting humans for thousands of years and was a major cause of death in Europe between 1500-1900 AD.
2) In the late 19th/early 20th century, scientists like Robert Koch and Selman Waksman made discoveries that enabled the definitive diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis.
3) M. tuberculosis is classified as a slow-growing typical mycobacterium within the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, and its cell wall structure and components allow it to cause disease.
Corona virus ppt ey converted (1)
Coronaviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses that can cause respiratory infections in humans and other mammals. They derive their name from their crown-like appearance under microscopy. Several vaccines have been developed to provide immunity to COVID-19, including mRNA vaccines from Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna, adenovirus vector vaccines from AstraZeneca/Oxford and Johnson & Johnson, and inactivated whole virus vaccines from Sinopharm and Bharat Biotech. These vaccines work by training the immune system to recognize the virus and produce antibodies to fight future infections.
Virus vector relationship
This document discusses terminology related to virus transmission by vectors and different types of virus-vector relationships.
1. It defines terms like acquisition access period, acquisition feeding period, inoculation access period, inoculation feeding period, and transmission threshold that describe the process of a vector acquiring and transmitting a virus.
2. It describes three main types of virus-vector relationships: non-persistent, semi-persistent, and persistent. Non-persistent viruses are stylet-borne and lost quickly. Semi-persistent viruses persist for 10-100 hours in the foregut. Persistent viruses circulate and may multiply in the vector.
3. Within persistent viruses, it further distinguishes circulative non-propagative
What you need to know about the coronavirus
Coronaviruses are a group of viruses that can infect both animals and humans. The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that causes COVID-19 is threatening global health. Coronaviruses can cause respiratory illnesses like pneumonia and breathing difficulties in severe cases. While coronaviruses are dangerous, research has shown some may have potential medical value in destroying tumor cells. Scientists around the world are working to better detect and treat SARS-CoV-2 through more accurate testing and efficient treatments.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae
Mycobacterium leprae (uncommon)
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulaire Complex (MAC) or (M. avium)
Mycobacterium leprae
Clinical Mycology
Clinical Mycology in Indonesia focuses on fungal infections which are common in Indonesia due to its tropical climate and poverty-related hygiene issues. Some important fungal infections in Indonesia include superficial fungal infections of the skin and nails like tinea and candidiasis, as well as systemic fungal infections such as histoplasmosis, aspergillosis, and cryptococcosis. Common fungal pathogens in Indonesia include dermatophytes such as Trichophyton rubrum and Candida species. The document also discusses antifungal drug classes and examples like azoles, polyenes, and echinocandins that are used to treat different fungal infections.
Tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the bacterium that causes tuberculosis. It was isolated in 1884 by Robert Koch. M. tuberculosis is an acid-fast bacillus that grows slowly and can survive outside the body for months. It is transmitted through inhaling droplets from coughs or sneezes of infected individuals. Tuberculosis affects over a third of the world's population and causes millions of deaths each year. Diagnosis involves microscopy, culturing of sputum samples, chest x-rays, and tuberculin skin tests. Treatment requires a long course of multiple antibiotic drugs over several months.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis and atypical mycobacteria
This document discusses Mycobacterium tuberculosis and atypical mycobacteria. M. tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in humans, infecting over 9 million people and killing 1.7 million annually. It is transmitted between people and can cause lesions in the lungs. Diagnosis involves smear examination, culture, identification, and susceptibility testing. Atypical mycobacteria are classified into four groups - photochromogens, scotochromogens, nonchromogens, and rapid growers. Some important atypical species include M. kansasii, M. marinum, M. scrofulacium, M. avium complex, and M. fortuitum complex, which can cause disease in humans but are generally more resistant
Antifungal agents
This document provides information on antifungal agents, including their targets, mechanisms of action, and clinical uses. It discusses that fungi have cell walls made of chitin and cell membranes containing ergosterol. Major classes of antifungals are described such as azoles which inhibit ergosterol biosynthesis, and polyenes like amphotericin B which bind to ergosterol in the membrane. The development of antifungals over time is summarized, from amphotericin B to newer azoles and echinocandins. Common adverse effects of amphotericin B include fever, renal impairment, and hypotension.
Mumps
Mumps is caused by the mumps virus, an RNA virus of the paramyxovirus family. It spreads through respiratory droplets and causes acute benign viral parotitis or mumps of the parotid salivary glands. While antibody response is not sufficient to control infection on its own, cell-mediated immunity plays an important role in symptoms and disease control. Complications can include inflammation of the testes, ovaries or brain. The mumps vaccine is a live attenuated vaccine that is part of the routine MMR vaccine series and provides lifelong immunity against this contagious viral infection.
Mycobacterium (1)
This document discusses Mycobacterium species, including M. tuberculosis, M. leprae, and M. avium-intracellulaire complex (MAC). It covers the characteristics, diseases caused, and clinical presentations of infections by these mycobacteria. Key points include: M. tuberculosis is the primary cause of tuberculosis and a leading global infectious killer; M. leprae causes leprosy; and MAC can cause disseminated disease in AIDS patients with low CD4 counts. The review section summarizes the pathogenic mycobacteria, diseases they cause, clinical manifestations, histopathology, and effects of immunity.
Medical mycology
That describe about introduction about fungi
mycotoxins
Dermatophytosis
Candida spp
Mycetoma
Mycetoma
pathology diseases caused by mlo's
This document discusses diseases caused by mycoplasma-like organisms (MLOs). It provides background on the discovery of MLOs in 1967 as previously unknown plant pathogens. MLOs are defined as the smallest known living cells that are wall-less prokaryotes. Diseases caused by MLOs can induce both growth reduction and stimulation in plants, shown through symptoms like stunted growth. MLOs are transmitted between plants by phloem-feeding insects. Control methods are limited to using disease-free stocks and removing infected plants. Specific diseases discussed include peach rosette in peach trees and grassy shoot disease in sugarcane.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis-TB
This document provides information about Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria that causes tuberculosis (TB). It discusses the taxonomy, morphology, antigenic structure, types of TB, biochemical properties, culture characteristics, staining techniques, pathogenesis, symptoms, laboratory diagnosis including sputum and blood tests and skin tests, treatment which involves a combination of antibiotics, and preventive measures. M. tuberculosis was first identified in 1882 by Robert Koch and is transmitted through airborne droplets from the lungs of infected individuals. Proper treatment is essential to prevent active TB from developing.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
This document provides an overview of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and related species. It discusses their habitat in soil, water, and hospitals. P. aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause various infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. The document outlines several of P. aeruginosa's important virulence factors and describes some of its clinical manifestations, including pulmonary infections, skin and soft tissue infections, urinary tract infections, and eye infections. Molecular techniques help study the epidemiology and transmission of this multidrug-resistant bacterium.
Acinetobater infection Updated Medical Microbiological View
Acinetobater infection Updated Medical Microbiological View King Abdualziz Medical City -National Guard Health Affairs
Acinetobacter is a gram-negative bacteria that was discovered in 1911. It naturally inhabits soil and water and can cause infections in humans and animals. While commonly found on healthy human skin, it can also cause serious multidrug-resistant infections, especially in hospital settings. These infections include pneumonia, bloodstream infections, meningitis, and wound or urinary tract infections. Treatment is challenging due to high rates of resistance, but may include colistin, tigecycline, carbapenems, or polymyxins depending on the infection type and susceptibility results.Candidiasis
This document discusses candidiasis, caused by the yeast Candida. It begins with an introduction to mycology and the morphology of fungi. It then discusses candidiasis specifically, including its history, epidemiology, predisposing factors, pathogens involved, and pathophysiology. The document classifies the different types of candidiasis and discusses Candida in HIV patients. It covers the diagnosis and treatment of candidiasis and concludes with references.
Microbiology Ch. 1&2 (Dr. Sabri)
This document provides an overview of the history and development of microbiology. It discusses key discoveries made between 1857-1914 by Pasteur and Koch that established microbiology as a science. It also outlines the main branches of microbiology including bacteriology, immunology, virology, and mycology. The document describes the classification of life into four kingdoms - animals, plants, protists, and prokaryotes. It further explains the differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
Chan final-candida
Candida albicans is a commensal yeast that is also the most common fungal pathogen. It can cause infections ranging from superficial oral or vaginal candidiasis to life-threatening systemic infections in immunocompromised patients. C. albicans exists in both yeast and filamentous forms and its ability to switch between these morphologies is a key virulence factor that facilitates tissue invasion and disease. Current antifungal drugs have limitations due to emerging drug resistance, highlighting the need for new therapeutic strategies.
Blastomyces dermatitidis & Histoplasma capsulatum
Hello! Everyone,
my self Shabir Imteyaz Khan,
Here I am uploading a PPT On Mycology in the topic of Blastomyces dermatitidis & Histoplasma capsulatum, it is very useful for Medical & Microbiology students.
What's hot (20)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae
Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae
Mycobacterium tuberculosis and atypical mycobacteria
Mycobacterium tuberculosis and atypical mycobacteria
Acinetobater infection Updated Medical Microbiological View
Acinetobater infection Updated Medical Microbiological View
Similar to T.b
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis.pptx
This document provides information on Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It begins by describing the characteristics of mycobacteria in general, including their morphology and classification. It then focuses on M. tuberculosis, detailing its history, staining properties, culture characteristics, pathogenicity and mechanisms of virulence. The document discusses the pathogenesis of tuberculosis and describes the formation of granulomas. It also addresses epidemiology, laboratory diagnosis, and microscopy and culturing techniques used to detect M. tuberculosis.
Comparative computational analysis of mycobacterium species by using differen...
1. The document discusses Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria that causes tuberculosis. It is spread through the air and infects the lungs.
2. M. tuberculosis has an unusual waxy coating that makes it difficult to stain and allows it to survive outside of the body for weeks. It divides slowly compared to other bacteria.
3. When it infects lungs, M. tuberculosis is taken up by immune cells but is able to avoid being destroyed, allowing it to multiply unchecked inside the cells. Its unusual cell wall structure helps it evade the immune response and is a key virulence factor.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis are acid-fast, non-motile rods that cause tuberculosis in humans. They grow slowly over several weeks on solid and liquid media. On Lowenstein-Jensen medium they form rough, raised colonies. They have a complex lifecycle within human hosts involving infection of alveolar macrophages, initial symbiosis, caseous necrosis of tissue, and possible cavity formation. While resistant to disinfectants and acids, they are killed by heat, sunlight, ethanol, and formaldehyde. Laboratory diagnosis involves microscopy, culture, animal transmission, and tuberculin skin testing. Immunoprophylaxis uses the BCG vaccine.
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria which most commonly affects the lungs. It spreads through the air when people with active TB cough or sneeze. Common symptoms include cough, fever, night sweats and weight loss. Diagnosis involves chest x-ray and sputum culture. Treatment requires taking multiple antibiotic drugs daily for 6-9 months. Directly observed treatment short course chemotherapy (DOTS) involves health workers directly observing patients take their medications to ensure compliance. Tuberculosis remains a major global health issue and India has a high burden of cases.
Mycobaceria tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the bacteria that causes tuberculosis. It is an aerobic bacteria that grows best in oxygen-rich tissues like the lungs. It has a complex cell wall containing mycolic acids that make it acid-fast and resistant to acids and alkalis. M. tuberculosis infects macrophages as a facultative intracellular pathogen and has a morphology of being slender, straight or slightly curved rods around 3 by 0.3 micrometers in size.
20 s2. tuberculosis, diptheria
The document provides information on Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes tuberculosis. It discusses the morphology, identification, pathology, and laboratory diagnosis of M. tuberculosis. It also covers how M. tuberculosis infects the lungs and spreads systemically, evades the immune system, and can be diagnosed via a tuberculin skin test. Treatment typically involves a long course of multiple antibiotics like rifampicin and isoniazid to prevent resistance.
TB.pptx
Tuberculosis (TB) provides a comprehensive overview of this infectious disease, its global impact, prevention strategies, and treatment options. We delve into the history of TB, its causative agent, transmission methods, and risk factors. With a focus on raising awareness and promoting education, this presentation equips the audience with essential knowledge to combat the TB epidemic. Join us as we explore the basic of Tuberculosis
Mycobacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis
This document discusses Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae. It begins by introducing M. tuberculosis as the bacteria that causes tuberculosis in humans. It then describes the characteristics and taxonomy of M. tuberculosis, how it is transmitted, its global epidemiology as a leading infectious killer, and methods for diagnosing and treating infection. The document also covers M. leprae, the bacteria that causes leprosy, outlining its characteristics, epidemiology, mode of transmission, and pathogenesis.
MLSM 505 Mycobact.pptx
1. Mycobacteria are acid-fast, aerobic bacteria that include pathogens like Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. leprae, and M. bovis. They are classified based on growth rate and pigmentation.
2. M. tuberculosis is the cause of tuberculosis and can infect the lungs and other organs. Atypical mycobacteria like M. kansasii can also cause pulmonary infections.
3. Laboratory diagnosis involves microscopy, culture, identification tests, and drug susceptibility testing of sputum or tissue specimens. Staining identifies acid-fast bacilli while culture is needed for species identification.
MLSM 505 Mycobact.ppt
1. Mycobacteria are acid-fast, aerobic bacteria that include pathogens like Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. leprae, and M. bovis. They are classified based on growth rate and pigmentation.
2. M. tuberculosis is the cause of tuberculosis and can infect the lungs and other organs. Atypical mycobacteria like M. kansasii can also cause pulmonary infections.
3. Laboratory diagnosis involves microscopy, culture, identification tests, and drug susceptibility testing of sputum or tissue specimens. Microscopy examines acid-fast stained smears while culture grows mycobacteria on media like Löwenstein-Jensen.
Mycobacterium spp.ppt
1. Mycobacteria are acid-fast, aerobic bacteria that include pathogens like Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. leprae, and M. bovis. They are classified based on growth rate and pigmentation.
2. M. tuberculosis is the cause of tuberculosis and can infect the lungs and other organs. Atypical mycobacteria like M. kansasii can also cause pulmonary infections.
3. Laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis involves microscopy, culture, and drug sensitivity testing of respiratory specimens. Leprosy is diagnosed by microscopy of skin and nerve tissue samples.
TUBERCULOSIS pharmacology notes types cure
The document summarizes tuberculosis (TB), caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily affects the lungs and is a major public health problem worldwide, especially in developing countries. Factors like malnutrition, poverty, and HIV increase risk. The bacterium is transmitted via airborne droplets when infected people cough, sneeze, or speak. It can spread locally or via the bloodstream and lymphatics to other organs. Primary TB occurs in those never exposed, while secondary TB is a reactivation of a previous infection. Untreated, it can cause serious lung damage or spread.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Sikander ali Sumalani
This document provides an overview of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria that causes tuberculosis (TB). It discusses the morphology, culture, acid-fast staining, and species of mycobacteria. M. tuberculosis is transmitted through respiratory droplets and causes TB, which remains a major global health threat. The pathogenesis of TB involves inhalation and interaction with macrophages, inflammatory cell recruitment, granuloma formation to contain bacteria, and potential reactivation from latent infection. Risk factors, signs and symptoms, diagnosis using tests like tuberculin skin test and sputum analysis, and multi-drug treatment approaches are summarized.
Laboratory diagnosis of fungal diseases
1. Cutaneous mycoses are fungal infections of the skin, hair, and nails caused by dermatophytes like Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton. Laboratory diagnosis involves microscopic examination of skin scrapings or nail clippings in KOH to identify fungal elements, as well as fungal culture.
2. Subcutaneous mycoses involve fungal infection of the subcutaneous tissue and overlying skin, such as mycetoma, chromoblastomycosis, sporotrichosis, and rhinosporidiosis. They are caused by a heterogeneous group of fungi introduced through the skin via minor trauma.
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) bacteria. Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body
Kampala International University PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS.pptx
This document provides information on pulmonary tuberculosis, including:
1) It is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and most commonly infects the lungs. It is a major global health problem.
2) Primary tuberculosis occurs in those without prior exposure, where the bacteria are contained in granulomas. Secondary tuberculosis is reactivation of dormant bacteria or reinfection in those with immunity from primary infection.
3) Clinical features include nonspecific symptoms along with cough and sputum production as the disease progresses. Radiographically, lesions appear as consolidations or cavities in the lungs.
Pulmonary Tuberculosis.pptx
Pulmonary tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and remains a major global health problem. It is transmitted through inhaling airborne droplets from infected individuals. There are two types - primary tuberculosis occurs when a person is initially infected, while post-primary tuberculosis is a reactivation of a latent infection. Primary tuberculosis involves the lungs and lymph nodes, and may spread to other organs. Post-primary tuberculosis occurs in the upper lungs and causes more extensive damage like cavitation. Untreated tuberculosis can spread throughout the body.
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis is a contagious infection caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis that usually affects the lungs. It can spread to other parts of the body. One quarter of the world's population is infected with TB, with over 10 million active cases in 2016 resulting in 1.3 million deaths, making it a leading infectious cause of death globally. The bacteria are spread through airborne droplets when infected people cough, sneeze or speak. Granulomas form in the lungs as part of the body's immune response to the infection.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the bacterium that causes tuberculosis (TB). It is spread through the air when people who are sick with active pulmonary TB cough, sneeze or spit. Most infections are asymptomatic, but about 10% reactivate later in life, usually in the upper lobes of the lungs. Upon reactivation, TB bacilli can spread throughout the body and cause serious illness. Laboratory diagnosis of TB involves microscopic examination of samples for acid-fast bacilli or culturing samples on selective media like Lowenstein-Jensen medium.
Pbl 2 –pod 1 : the morphology and structure of mycobacterium tuberculosis, th...
Pbl 2 –pod 1 : the morphology and structure of mycobacterium tuberculosis, th...imam univarsity , college of medicine .
Objective :
Describe the morphology and structure of mycobacterial tuberculosis ?
What are the tests required for mycobacterial infection :
Mantoux skin test
Sputum examination using Ziehl-Neelsen staining
Sputum culture using lowenstein-jensen media
Discuss the clinical features and transmission of mycobacterial tuberculosis.
What are the pathological changes in mycobacterium tuberculosis?
How to control mycobacterial infection in the environment and vaccine available?
done by : asem shadid , college of medicine .Similar to T.b (20)
Comparative computational analysis of mycobacterium species by using differen...
Comparative computational analysis of mycobacterium species by using differen...
Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Sikander ali Sumalani
Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Sikander ali Sumalani
Kampala International University PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS.pptx
Kampala International University PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS.pptx
Pbl 2 –pod 1 : the morphology and structure of mycobacterium tuberculosis, th...
Pbl 2 –pod 1 : the morphology and structure of mycobacterium tuberculosis, th...
Recently uploaded
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.Ketone bodies and metabolism-biochemistry
This slide consists of all the topics of ketone . This can be used for exam purpose for writing about Diabetic keto acidosis etc . Thank you
The Electrocardiogram - Physiologic Principles
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Efficacy of Avartana Sneha in Ayurveda
Avartana Sneha is a unique method of Preparation of Sneha Kalpana in Ayurveda, mainly it is indicated for the Vataja rogas.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Kat...
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Kat...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.The Best Ayurvedic Antacid Tablets in India
Treat the symptoms of indigestion, heartburn and stomach reflux with the 10 Best Ayurvedic Antacid Tablets in India.
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.com
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition TEST BANK by Stamler Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Answers Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Stuvia
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Part II - Body Grief: Losing parts of ourselves and our identity before, duri...
Learn about body grief and ways to cope with it. We will also explore methods to heal from this challenging experience.
Top Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
Swisschem Dermacare has mentioned the List of The Best Antifungal Soap In India 2022. All of these soaps are trusted by various Dermatology Experts.
Journal Article Review on Rasamanikya
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Recently uploaded (20)
Ear and its clinical correlations By Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Ear and its clinical correlations By Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Kat...
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Kat...
Tests for analysis of different pharmaceutical.pptx
Tests for analysis of different pharmaceutical.pptx
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
Part II - Body Grief: Losing parts of ourselves and our identity before, duri...
Part II - Body Grief: Losing parts of ourselves and our identity before, duri...
Top Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
Top Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
CHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 6_Anti Malarial Drugs.pdf
CHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 6_Anti Malarial Drugs.pdf
T.b
- 1. Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Supervisor :Dr.Salha Bengwiref BY: Hager Mohammed Alfakhri
- 2. Robert Koch (1882) While working in Berlin he Discovered the tuberculosis bacteria
- 3. Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a species of pathogenic bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae and the causative agent of Tuberculosis. *Long, slender ,straight or curved about 3x0.3µm Aerobic bacilli non spore forming .* Acid fast bacilli* *Mycolic acid ,waxes and lipidin cell wall Slow growing doubling time(15-20hour)* *non motile rod shape
- 4. The primary site of TB is in the lung Infection can spread to other system -Musculoskeletal -Genitourinary -Central nervous
- 5. Pathogenicity : The tubercle bacilli resides within dendritic cells and macrophages, and in an immunocompetent host, the infection is walled off within a granuloma where it can remain dormant for years. While many factors contribute to its success, it is the thick, waxy cell wall of the bacillus that prevents dehydration, affords protection against varying levels of acidity and the detrimental affects of free radicals. In many respects, it is the unique architecture of the cell wall itself that makes Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection relatively difficult to treat with antibiotics
- 15. Clinical Diagnosis •.Radiological exams •-chest X-ray or chest CT scan •-present as pulmonary scarring cavity lesion, infiltrates ,pleural effusion and atelectasis. •.Bacterial exams •-collection of sputum for the testing of blood presence •.Bacterial testing of biopsied from lungs