The document discusses implementing task patterns to support knowledge work. It describes personal task patterns (PTP) that capture an individual's task execution strategies and collaborative task patterns (CTP) that model task delegation structures. PTPs are implemented in a personal task management system on the social semantic desktop, allowing users to retrieve, create, and use task patterns. CTPs are implemented in a collaborative task management system to extract and reuse knowledge from ad-hoc business processes. The systems are connected so CTPs can reference PTPs for specific tasks.

1. Task Patterns in Collaborative Semantic Task Management as Means of Corporate Experience Preservation Uwe Riss, SAP Research CEC Karlsruhe Benedikt Schmidt, SAP Research CEC Darmstadt Todor Stoitsev, SAP Research CEC Darmstadt 22. September 2009

2. © SAP 2009 / Page 2 Agenda Knowledge Work, Task and Task Pattern Personal Task Pattern (PTP) and Collaborative Task Pattern (CTP) PTP and CTP implementation Connecting PTP and CTP Outlook

4. Symbolic analytic services (Reich, R., The work of nations, 1991)

5. Demand for flexibility, interdisciplinary cooperation and rapid learning (Pyöriä, P.,The concept of knowledge work revisited, 2005)

6. Tasks in knowledge work

7. Processes weakly structured (Byström, K. and Hansen, P., ‘Conceptual Framework for Tasks in Information Studies, 2005’)

8. Specific information requirements for each step

9. Problem ridden task execution (Riss, Task journals as means to describe temporal task aspects for reuse in task patterns, 2008)Terms and Concepts © SAP 2009 / Page 3 Task relations, Byström 05

11. Tasks as Constituents of Processes © SAP 2009 / Page 5 Weakly-structured (ad-hoc, informal, human-centric) business processes Reconcile the personal task management perspective with the enterprise business process perspective (Riss et al., 2005; Gartner, 2006) Structured business processes (predefined, formal, operational) Enable process tailoring as collaboration (Mørch & Mehanjiev, 2000; Forrester, 2006)

12. User Centric Process Support © SAP 2009 / Page 6 high (local developer) Visual process modeling Case handling Evolutionary workflows Evolutionary workflows required IT skills Email-based workflows Email-based workflows Process mining Knowledge management approaches Knowledge management approaches low (end user) high (structured) low (ad-hoc) formality

13. E-Mail and its PurposesBetween Information and Task Transfer high (archiving) Personal Information Management Ad Hoc Process Management retention time Ad Hoc Task Delegation Original Email Purpose low (communication) high (collaboration) low (information) task character © SAP 2009 / Page 7

15. To-Do lists with resource connection

16. Most systems concentrate on task organizationPersonal Task Execution Support Task Tracer, Orgegon State University Unified Activity Management, IBM Lack ofexecutionsupport Delegationsof ad-hoc nature © SAP 2009 / Page 8

18. Bottom-Up

19. Task Pattern always based on real occurrences of tasks

20. Abstraction

21. Abstract from knowledge captured during execution

22. Life-cycle

24. Structural

25. Execution

26. Structural and Execution perspective have different degrees of privacy

27. Structural: Information on delegation structures  few privacy issues

29. Collaborative Task Patterns (CTP) , information on delegationDelegation Structure Personal TP Collaborative TP Personal Execution Strategies

31. Execution/Information-centric

32. Life-cycle of retrieval, instantiation and enhancement

33. Life-cycle means Task Pattern improvement

34. Improvement by implicit enhancement

35. Improvement by explicit enhancementIdentify Pattern Pattern Repository Enriched pattern support future tasks Pattern Provide Process Guidance by Pattern RequestPattern Enhance Task Pattern Context Similarity Task B Task A Task C Task D

37. Abstraction Service = basic activity or a basic knowledge requirement for task execution

38. Problems/Solutions = Capture exception to the rule

39. Decision/Action Alternatives = Filter Abstraction ServicesPTP * * * Abstraction Service Problem Decision Type Solution Direction Person Information Subtask Resource Purpose in Task Context Instance Concept Example Abstraction Services

40. CTP – Delegation Graphs as Basis for Abstraction © SAP 2009 / Page 13 Personal workspace track Central enterprise infrastructure U1 U4 U2 U3

41. CTP – Abstraction, Life cycle © SAP 2009 / Page 14 adaptation exchange Model level: task patterns reuse compose Instance level: task instances (to-do items) extract/decompose

43. Personal Task Management System (PTM)

44. Implemented on the Social Semantic Desktop

45. Result of NEPOMUK research project

46. Collaborative Task Pattern (CTP)

47. Collaborative Task Management System (CTM)

49. a huge semantic net striving to describe the data involved in the execution of knowledge work processes

50. Semantic Task Management Framework (STMF) as task perspective on the SSD

51. KASIMIR…

52. is one user interface to interact with the STMF

53. allows the easy maintenance of tasks with attached objects as relations on the SSD

54. has been extended by functionalities for the maintenance of/ interaction with Task PatternKASIMIR sidebar

55. Retrieve Task Pattern © SAP 2009 / Page 17 PTM 1 exchange 2 3 (1) Filter visible Task Pattern and tasks (2) Select a Task Pattern or a task (3) See details to selection

56. Create/Enhance Task Pattern © SAP 2009 / Page 18 PTM reuse/enhance (1) Description(2) Abstraction Services/Decisions/Problems (3) Connected Tasks (4) Task details (5) Simplify view

57. PTM – Use Task Pattern © SAP 2009 / Page 19 PTM Adaption/ Instantion (1) Task Pattern Details (2) Compare Task and Task Pattern (3) Object without Abstraction Service(4) Abstraction Service without object (5) Information Abstraction as Subtask (6) Subtask Abstraction Service with object

59. Re-use of knowledge from ad-hoc processes

60. Weakly structured processes  Get Task Pattern

61. Structured processes  Get business processesCTM Extraction Re-use

63. TDGs show task execution instances

64. Starting point for abstractionCTM

65. CTM Task Pattern Explorer © SAP 2009 / Page 22 CTM Adaption/ Instantiation reuse/enhance exchange

67. Communication of both systems via adapter

68. Outlook integration of CTM fits organizational demands

69. NEPOMUK capabilities of personal information

70. Public/privateCTM CTPs PTM Structure Personal Execution PTPs

72. Separation of personal information aspect from the structureCTPs as Structural Connector for PTPs © SAP 2009 / Page 24 CTP T1 T6 T2 T4 T5 T3 PTP-T5 PTP-T3 PTP-T1 PTP-T6 PTP-T4 PTP-T2

74. © SAP 2009 / Page 26 Thank you! Questions…? Let’s discuss!

75. © SAP 2009 / Page 27 Grid

76. © SAP 2009 / Page 28 Definition and Halftone Values of Colors SAP Blue SAP Gold SAP Dark Gray SAP Gray SAP Light Gray RGB 4/53/123 RGB 240/171/0 RGB 102/102/102 RGB 153/153/153 RGB 204/204/204 Primary color palette 100% Dove Petrol Violet/Mauve Warm Red Warm Green RGB 68/105/125 RGB 21/101/112 RGB 85/118/48 RGB 119/74/57 RGB 100/68/89 Secondary color palette100% RGB 96/127/143 RGB 98/146/147 RGB 110/138/79 RGB 140/101/87 RGB 123/96/114 85% RGB 125/150/164 RGB 127/166/167 RGB 136/160/111 RGB 161/129/118 RGB 147/125/139 70% RGB 152/173/183 RGB 154/185/185 RGB 162/180/141 RGB 181/156/147 RGB 170/152/164 55% RGB 180/195/203 RGB 181/204/204 RGB 187/200/172 RGB 201/183/176 RGB 193/180/189 40% Cool Green Ocher Warning Red Cool Red RGB 158/48/57 RGB 73/108/96 RGB 129/110/44 RGB 132/76/84 Tertiary color palette100% RGB 101/129/120 RGB 148/132/75 RGB 150/103/110 85% RGB 129/152/144 RGB 167/154/108 RGB 169/130/136 70% RGB 156/174/168 RGB 186/176/139 RGB 188/157/162 55% RGB 183/196/191 RGB 205/197/171 RGB 206/183/187 40%

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78. © SAP 2009 / Page 30 Task Pattern on the social semantic desktop Task Pattern realization Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level