The document summarizes small ruminant production in Ethiopia, Mali, and Northern Nigeria. It notes that the populations of goats and sheep are growing in all three countries annually at rates of 4-5%. It identifies technologies to increase productivity, including a thermostable PPR vaccine, improved feeding through better use of crop residues and introduction of improved forages, business models for fattening enterprises, and community breeding schemes. Target countries for implementation are Mali, Ethiopia, and Northern Nigeria based on existing partnerships. The proposed annual budget is $3.88 million focused on production, productivity, competitiveness, and enabling activities.

1. TAAT Small Ruminants Compact
Small ruminants value chains in
Ethiopia, Mali and Northern Nigeria
Augustine Ayantunde, ILRI Regional Representative for West Africa
Ibadan, 23 January 2018

2. Context: Small ruminants population, export and
import of live animals in 2013
Country Species Total number
(million head)
Number
slaughtered
(million head)
Export Import
Number
(head)
Value (USD
million)
Number
(head)
Value (USD
million)
Ethiopia Goat 28.1 8.8 69,790 4.7 2,109 1.3
Sheep 27.3 9.1 699,341 49.6 97,022 7.7
Mali Goat 18.2 5.6 0 0 0 0
Sheep 13.1 4.3 334,887 26.3 0 0
Nigeria Goat 70.7 23.0 0 0 258,000 14.0
Sheep 40.3 15.7 0 0 200,000 10.0
• Growing number of small ruminants with annual growth rate of about 4.8% in Ethiopia, 4.4%
in Mali and 4.6% in Nigeria
• Offtake rate of about 30% which is expected to increase with growing demand for animal
source food
• Nigeria is a net importer of goat and sheep (from Sahelian countries) while Ethiopia and Mali
are net exporters
• Great potential to increase productivity and income in all these countries

3. Small Ruminant Technologies
• Thermostable vaccine for Peste des Petits
Ruminants (PPR)
• Improved feeding by better use of crop
residues
• Introduction of improved forages for
fattening.
• Business models for fattening enterprises
and feed processers
• Improved small ruminant genetics though
community breeding schemes.

4. Thermostable vaccine for
Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR)
• PPR is one of the most important
transboundary diseases in small ruminants and
can results in morbidity of up to 100% and
mortality of 60-80%.
• Vaccines are available but need cold storage.
• Mortality can be reduced by almost 100% with
an overall increase in productivity of at least
30%.
• The Laboratoire Central Vétérinaire in Mali has
recently produced about 400,000 doses of
thermostable vaccine with the potential to scale
up.
• Global campaign to control and eradicate PPR
led by FAO and OIE

5. Improved feeding by better use of
crop residues
• Focus on variety substitution and
incorporation of nutrient value of
crop residues
• There are existing varieties of
cereals (e.g. sorghum, millets,
maize) and legumes (e.g.
groundnut, cowpea) that can
increase animal productivity by 20-
30%
• Existing information on least cost
rations for profitable fattening

6. Introduction of improved forages
• Forages, such as herbaceous and/or
tree legumes and grasses, can
dramatically enhance livestock as
well as crop productivity, while at
the same time enhancing the
system’s resilience and reducing its
environmental footprint.
• For example the introduction of new
varieties of Brachiaria in Kenya,
Rwanda and Mali have led to
increases in productivity of 30-50%.

7. Business models for fattening
enterprises and feed processers
• Fattening of small
ruminants can be highly
profitable, especially when
targeting high value
markets (e.g. Easter, Eid).
Packages are available that
can be modified to
different contexts to
support these fattening
enterprises.

8. Improved small ruminant genetics through
community breeding schemes
• Community-based breeding
schemes can be used
effectively to identify superior
males for breeding within
communities without the
need for large scale
investment in national
breeding programs,
particularly in mixed crop-
livestock systems.

9. Target Countries
• Mali – existing programs
(MLTSP), partnership; 48
million PRAPS by WB
• Ethiopia – same as above; 170
million WB loan
• Northern Nigeria – existing
partners (IYA – fattening
scheme), link to other
compacts (e.g.
sorghum/millet)
• Considerations: Ability to ‘hit the
ground running’, potential for impact,
existing partnerships, current
investments from Development Banks.

10. Impact figures
Country Total number of
poor livestock
keepers in arid and
semi-arid areas
Total number of
poor women
livestock keepers
5% target
by year 3
Target by
year 3
(women)
Ethiopia 5,910,267 4,137,187 296,000 207,200
Mali 4,397,784 3,078,449 220,000 154,000
Nigeria 8,824,369 5,294,621 441,000 264,600
Total 19,132,420 12,510,527 957,000 625,800
• Target increase in productivity (assuming 30% offtake rate): 12.8
million kg live weight worth USD 64 million per year
• Target increase in production (with 10% reduction in mortality):
additional 4.3 million kg live weight, worth USD 21.5 million per year

11. Collaborators (example Mali)
• Other Compacts, e.g. millet/sorghum led by ICRISAT
• Other CGIARS – ICARDA, CIAT
• NARES - IER, DNSV, LCV,
• NGO/CBO – SNV, AVSF, AMEDD, CRS
• Private sector – COVEM, private vets, animal feed companies, micro-
finance institutions

12. Annual Budget (draft)
COMPONENT SUB-COMPONENT ACTIVITY Total
1.1.1 Produce and deploy thermostable vaccine for PPR290,573
1.1.2 Introduction, storage and utilisation of
drought-tolerant forage options
412,441
1.1.3 Introduce country-specific package of feed
processing, smart supplementation and least cost
675,399
1.2 Productivity 1.2.1 Introduce breeding programs 721,745
1.3.1 Facilitate input and output market linkages
models for fatteners (farmer associations, hub
approach)
396,077
1.3.2 Calibrate IBLI index for local
conditions/ market and establish public private
partnerships to adapt, promote and sell the
product
228,501
2.1.1 Gender, Youth & Communications Activities 383,154
2.1.2 ICT/ Business Platforms 126,068
3. Project
Management and
Coordination
3.1 Partnerships &
Project Management
3.1.1 Set up project management team
3.1.2 Develop coordination mechanismwith country
stakeholders
648,064
3,882,021TOTAL
1. Production,
Productivity and
Competitiveness
1.3 Competitiveness
1.1 Production
2.1 Enablers2. Enablers