The beauty of Tanzania - Africa.

1. NATIONAL OVERVIEW OF
PROTECTED AREAS IN TANZANIA
AND THEIR TOURISM POTETIALS
PRESENTED BY MR. ALLAN J.H.
KIJAZI (DIRECTOR GENERAL-
TANZANIA NATIONAL PARKS)

2. BACKGROUND
• Tanzania has set aside 40.5% of her land for conservation, ccategorized as
a ‘mega-diversity’ nation
• Globally it is only second to Brazil in terms of natural resources
attractiveness.
• Examples-Kilimanjaro tallest free standing Mountain in the World, with
six World climatic zones -from the tropics to the Arctic.
• -Serengeti National Park- world’s largest wildlife migration (1.5 million
wildebeest) accompanied by 200,000 zebra and 300,000 gazelles.
• -Ngorongoro Conservation Area-a world famous caldera with the highest
density of a variety of wild game.
• -Selous Game Reserve-the largest PA and biggest herds of elephants
• -Olduvai Gorge and Laetoli Footprints-the cradle of mankind and the
traces of footprints that belonged to the first walking hominid dating 3.5
million years

3. Wildlife Protected Areas
• These attractions are managed by three institutions:
• Tanzania National Parks, whose mandate is
conservation through non-consumptive utilization
(photographic safaris)
• The Ngorongoro Conservation Area, whose mandate
is to conserve through non-consumptive utilization
(photographic safaris and pastoralist development)
• Wildlife Division, whose mandate is to conserve and
sustainably promote consumptive utilization through
pre-set hunting quotas in Game Reserves and Game
Controlled Areas.

4. OTHER NON-WILDLIFE ATTRACTIONS
• Unique 804 km of finest unpolluted beaches; Lakes i.e. Lake
Victoria-the biggest lake in Africa, Lake Tanganyika- the longest and
second deepest lake in the World and Lake Nyasa
• Zanzibar Islands (Pemba and Unguja), one of the world’s best
beaches, with very beautiful historic buildings (for example Stone
Town).
• Seven attractions have been designated the status of world heritage
sites, namely the Serengeti National Park, Ngorongoro Crater, Mt.
Kilimanjaro, Selous Game Reserve, Zanzibar Stone Town, the Ruins
of Kilwa Kisiwani and Songo Mnara, and Kondoa Rock Art Paintings.
• With more than one hundred and twenty ethnic groups, the
country is free from ethnic and religious tensions, and its people
are friendly with a charm of African hospitality.

5. SUSTAINABLE TOURISM-FIRST POST
INDEPENDENCE ERA
Strengthening Capacity for Protected Area Management;1961-1971
• The Government took full control of the tourism industry.
• “The survival of our wildlife is a matter of grave concern to all of us
in Africa. These wild creatures amid the wild places they inhabit are
not only important as a source of wonder and inspiration but are an
integral part of our natural resources and of our future livelihood
and well being. In accepting the trusteeship of our wildlife we
solemnly declare that we will do everything in our power to make
sure that our children’s grand-children will be able to enjoy this rich
and precious inheritance. The conservation of wildlife and wild
places calls for specialist knowledge, trained manpower, and money,
and we look to other nations to co-operate with us in this important
task the success or failure of which not only affects the continent of
Africa but the rest of the world as well.”

6. What were/are the Successes of the
First Era?
• Establishment of College of African Wildlife Management as a pioneer
institution for the training of African Wildlife Managers.
• Since then the college has become a leader in providing quality wildlife
management training in Africa.
• Strengthening of the Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute (TAWIRI)
responsible for carrying out, coordinating and supervising all wildlife
research in the country.
• Extensive expansion of protected areas network. This is exemplified by the
expansion of national parks system from three when we got independence
in 1961 to fifteen currently.
• Challenges-tourism was very low
-there were no clear policies, procedures and guidelines to
promote
-private sector and community participation in tourism

7. 2nd Post-Independence Era: Private
Sector and Community Engagement
• 1990s economic reforms-led to actively promote
tourism as an important economic sector
- paving way for the private sector and communities’
involvement
- Developing of the 1991 Tourism Policy, which was
reviewed in 1999 to ensure private sector investment,
environmental conservation and consumer protection.
• The Tanzania Investment Centre (TIC) was also
established in 1997 to provide investment incentives
across various sectors, including tourism.

8. What are the Successes of these
Initiatives?
• Strengthening of the private Sector through establishment of the Tourism
Confederation of Tanzania (TCT) in 2000
• New investments in accommodation, restaurants and other facilities of
international standard
• Tourism became one of the fastest growing sectors at 12%, contributing
about 17.2% of the GDP and 41.7% of foreign exchange earnings.
• Increase in direct employment- estimated at 377,000 direct jobs in 2011
(3.7%) of total employment), expected to rise to 497, 000 jobs (3.9%) by
2021. Jobs indirectly supported by the industry- 1,124,000 jobs (11.2% of
total employment) in 2011 to 1,477,000 jobs (11.7%) by 2021.
• Challenges in Tourism Trends-heavy dependence on wildlife tourism
-heavy concentration on northern circuit
-heavy dependence on international tourism

9. Instruments in Ensuring Tourism
Sustainability in National Parks
• General Management Plans
• Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
• Investments are guided by TANAPA Development and
Action Lease Procedures
Enabling Environment for Community Benefits
• Through Community Outreach Programme-conservation
education and support for Community Initiated Projects
• The programme is now being expanded to support
environmentally friendly income generating projects (IGPs)
• Facilitate communities in establishing Wildlife Management
Areas in village lands

10. Current Situation and Challenges
• It is stimulating additional value-added activities (leisure,
entertainment, shopping-traditional cultural activities, tourist
services, handicrafts and SME’s).
• It is increasing value added content of existing locally produced
goods and services and strengthening linkages with other
productive and service sectors (backward and forward linkages)
with other sectors
• It is generating employment directly in the tourism sector and
indirectly in the production and services sectors linked to tourism.
• It is generally increasing the earnings of people (local) involved in
the sector and its related activities.
• Challenge- According to Euromonitor International (2010), travel
and tourism in Tanzania remains relatively untapped despite the
unique beauty that the country has to offer.

11. What is the Government Doing?
• Economic Empowerment of Local communities/Local Private
Sector:
• National Economic Empowerment Policy of 2004-creating a
favourable environment for investments and economic growth with
a specific focus on sectors such as tourism.
• The purpose is to ease availability of capital in order to enable more
Tanzanians to access loans (schemes such as the Small
Entrepreneurs Loan Facility (SELF), and the Small and Medium
Entrepreneurs Credit Guarantee Scheme are being used.
Such schemes are crucial in boosting tourism in the country through
investment.

12. Measures--ctd
• Recognition of private properties and protection against any non-
commercial risks through membership to Multilateral Investment
Guarantee Agency (MIGA), the International Centre for Investment
Settlement Disputes (ICSID)
• Unrestricted rights to international arbitration in case of disputes
with the government.
• Unrestricted rights to repatriate 100 percent of foreign exchange
earned profits and capital.
• Diversifying tourism development and products to other areas of
Tanzania to relieve pressure in the north
• Engaging in more active tourism publicity and marketing
arrangements both domestically and internationally
• Strengthening tourism institutions and enhancing coordination
among tourist service delivery participants

13. Conclusion
• Protected areas of Tanzania are unique and offer a
plethora of opportunities to driving the economy of
the country.
• After independence the country started with laying the
right foundation for tapping existing potentials, and in
the 199s deliberate efforts were made to tap those
potentials.
• Results of those initiatives are now evident, but there
is a lot more to be done. This however has to be done
cautiously in order to ensure that all tourism
programmes established are socially acceptable,
economically optimal and ecologically sound.