The document discusses various issues that can occur during tablet manufacturing including picking, sticking, binding, chipping, mottling, capping, lamination, and double impression. For each issue, potential causes and recommended remedies are provided. Picking occurs when part of the tablet sticks to the punch surface and gets eroded. Sticking refers to the tablet material sticking to the die walls. Binding is when the tablet sticks to the die and does not eject properly. Chipping involves small pieces breaking off the tablet surface. Mottling is uneven color distribution on the tablet surface. Capping and lamination involve the tablet separating or detaching during ejection. Double impression results from the embossing punch rotating during ejection
This document summarizes common tablet processing problems including capping, lamination, cracking, chipping, sticking, picking, binding, and double impression. For each problem, the document identifies potential formulation-related and machine-related causes and recommended remedies. It also discusses problems that can occur during tablet coating like blistering, cratering, picking and sticking, pitting, blooming, and color variation as well as their causes and remedies. The document provides a concise overview of common tablet defects and approaches to address them.
Tablet defects can come from any of the unit operations upstream and from the tablet press. The raw materials may be of poor quality or do not meet specifications, causing excessive fines that lead to a host of defects. The formulation may be the source of defects if the material does not compress well or the processing step specified within the formulation fail to produce a powder with a good flow, compressibility, and ejection properties. The processing and granulation of powder are often the sources of the defect.
Every product behaves differently on a tablet press, even if it‘s the same product run on a different day. The variation often
stems from changes in the properties of the raw materials—active ingredients and excipients- from batch to batch. Naturally,
the goal is to minimize these changes. Tablet press operators, however, don‘t have any control over formulation and
granulation. Tablet specifications are tight, and the list of possible defects is long: Variable weight, sticking, picking, capping, lamination, variable hardness, among others. This article focuses on these variations. It pinpoints the possible causes of these defects and offers advice on preventing and fixing the source of the problems.
This document discusses common processing problems that can occur during tablet manufacturing and their causes and remedies. Major problems discussed include capping, lamination, picking, sticking, mottling, chipping, and cracking. Capping is caused by air entrapment during compression and can be remedied by proper drying, sufficient binder, and removing fines. Lamination is caused by oily or waxy materials and too much lubricant, and can be addressed by modifying mixing and using minimal lubricant. Sticking occurs due to moisture, excessive binder, or improper lubrication and drying.
Tablet processing problems and their remedies ronit ghosh RONIT GHOSH
This Presentation Mainly Consists Of :--------- INTRODUCTION TO TABLETS ; ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES ; TABLET DEFFECTS DURING PROCESSING TIME WITH REMIDIES ; TABLET PROBLEMS DURING COATING WITH REMEDIES
Capping is one of the most complex phenomena in the pharmaceutical industry it is one of the mechanical defects in the tableting process in which catastrophic failure of the compact can occur. Understanding what influences tablet capping in terms of process variables, material properties, and density/stress distributions in tablets and developing specialized techniques to correlate these variables with mechanical failures are practical interests of the pharmaceutical industry. In this presentation, we describe a nondestructive ultrasonic device/methodology to predict the capping tendencies of tablet formulations based on their manufacturing performances.
This document provides a brief history of search engines, including that Archie was the first FTP search engine in 1992, Yahoo was the first web page index search engine and had over 10 million web pages indexed by 1996, Google introduced page ranking as the default algorithm in 1998, and Microsoft search became the second largest search engine after Google in 2009.
This document summarizes common tablet processing problems including capping, lamination, cracking, chipping, sticking, picking, binding, and double impression. For each problem, the document identifies potential formulation-related and machine-related causes and recommended remedies. It also discusses problems that can occur during tablet coating like blistering, cratering, picking and sticking, pitting, blooming, and color variation as well as their causes and remedies. The document provides a concise overview of common tablet defects and approaches to address them.
Tablet defects can come from any of the unit operations upstream and from the tablet press. The raw materials may be of poor quality or do not meet specifications, causing excessive fines that lead to a host of defects. The formulation may be the source of defects if the material does not compress well or the processing step specified within the formulation fail to produce a powder with a good flow, compressibility, and ejection properties. The processing and granulation of powder are often the sources of the defect.
Every product behaves differently on a tablet press, even if it‘s the same product run on a different day. The variation often
stems from changes in the properties of the raw materials—active ingredients and excipients- from batch to batch. Naturally,
the goal is to minimize these changes. Tablet press operators, however, don‘t have any control over formulation and
granulation. Tablet specifications are tight, and the list of possible defects is long: Variable weight, sticking, picking, capping, lamination, variable hardness, among others. This article focuses on these variations. It pinpoints the possible causes of these defects and offers advice on preventing and fixing the source of the problems.
This document discusses common processing problems that can occur during tablet manufacturing and their causes and remedies. Major problems discussed include capping, lamination, picking, sticking, mottling, chipping, and cracking. Capping is caused by air entrapment during compression and can be remedied by proper drying, sufficient binder, and removing fines. Lamination is caused by oily or waxy materials and too much lubricant, and can be addressed by modifying mixing and using minimal lubricant. Sticking occurs due to moisture, excessive binder, or improper lubrication and drying.
Tablet processing problems and their remedies ronit ghosh RONIT GHOSH
This Presentation Mainly Consists Of :--------- INTRODUCTION TO TABLETS ; ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES ; TABLET DEFFECTS DURING PROCESSING TIME WITH REMIDIES ; TABLET PROBLEMS DURING COATING WITH REMEDIES
Capping is one of the most complex phenomena in the pharmaceutical industry it is one of the mechanical defects in the tableting process in which catastrophic failure of the compact can occur. Understanding what influences tablet capping in terms of process variables, material properties, and density/stress distributions in tablets and developing specialized techniques to correlate these variables with mechanical failures are practical interests of the pharmaceutical industry. In this presentation, we describe a nondestructive ultrasonic device/methodology to predict the capping tendencies of tablet formulations based on their manufacturing performances.
This document provides a brief history of search engines, including that Archie was the first FTP search engine in 1992, Yahoo was the first web page index search engine and had over 10 million web pages indexed by 1996, Google introduced page ranking as the default algorithm in 1998, and Microsoft search became the second largest search engine after Google in 2009.
The document discusses common problems encountered in tablet manufacturing including capping, lamination, cracking, chipping, sticking, picking, binding, and double impression. For each problem, the document defines it, identifies potential causes related to the formulation or manufacturing process/machine, and provides remedies. It also discusses defects that can occur during tablet coating like picking, sticking, twinning, color variation, orange peel, roughness, bridging, blistering, erosion, and peeling/frosting.
Common defects that can occur during tablet production include capping and lamination, picking and sticking, mottling, weight variation, hardness variation, and double impressions. Capping and lamination involve the separation of the tablet layers, while picking and sticking involve material adhering to the punches. Mottling is uneven color distribution. Weight and hardness variations result from issues like poor granule flow and inconsistent compression. Double impressions occur when the lower punch rotates during ejection and makes a second impression. Care must be taken to properly formulate and process the granules, operate the tablet press correctly, and maintain the equipment to minimize these defects.
This document discusses various problems that can occur during tablet manufacturing, including capping, lamination, cracking, chipping, sticking, picking, binding, mottling, and double impression. For each problem, the causes related to the tableting process, excipients, and machine are described. Potential remedies are provided for formulation-related causes as well as machine-related causes for each problem type. The key problems discussed are related to air entrapment during compression, moisture content of granules, lubrication issues, excipient properties, and machine settings and components. Remedies involve adjusting the formulation, compression settings, and machine maintenance.
This document discusses various defects that can occur during the tableting process and their causes and remedies. It covers defects related to tableting, excipients, multiple factors, and the machine. Defects include capping, laminating, cracking, chipping, sticking, picking, binding, mottling, and double impressions. Causes can be related to formulation factors like moisture content, binder level, granule size, or machine factors like die and punch condition. Remedies involve modifying the formulation through changes to processing or composition, or adjusting machine settings and maintenance. The document provides detailed tables outlining specific causes and recommended remedies for different common defects.
This document discusses common tablet defects including capping, lamination, cracking, chipping, sticking, picking, binding, mottling, double impression, and edging/collaring. For each defect, the causes and remedies are provided. The main causes are related to formulation issues like moisture content, binder/lubricant amount, granule size/properties. The remedies involve modifying the formulation, drying process, compression settings and using proper tooling/punches.
This document discusses common processing problems that can occur during solid oral dosage form manufacturing and their potential remedies. It covers issues related to granulation, compression, and coating and provides solutions to problems like capping, lamination, chipping, cracking, sticking, and more. For each problem, it lists potential causes such as excess fines, improper drying, or machine settings and recommends remedies like adjusting formulation components, compression parameters, or equipment settings.
The document discusses tablet coating defects and remedies. It begins by introducing tablet coating as the final step in tablet production where a coating is applied to provide benefits like masking taste or protecting the tablet. It then lists and describes 18 common coating defects like blistering, blooming, chipping and provides the likely causes and remedies for each. The defects cover issues with the coating appearance, adhesion, and protection. The document aims to help formulation scientists identify and address coating problems to successfully complete tablet production.
A tablet can be imperfect in a number of ways and these defects and imperfections can either be found on the surface or in the interior layers of the product due to the formulation problems. In this tablet defect overview, we are focusing on the most common visible defects that can be discovered during the quality control, because an imperfect appearance of a single tablet in a package can raise serious doubts about integrity and quality of the product. Consequently, pharmaceutical companies continuously try to increase their efforts to assure high-quality of their products. Visual quality control can be done by various statistical schemes or by 100% visual inspection and sorting, either manual or automated. Due to the fact that statistical sampling schemes, that estimate the overall quality of a given batch of tablets at a certain confidence level, cannot assure the required quality of each tablet, they are being replaced by 100% visual inspection and sorting. Since manual visual inspection of large tablet batches is subjective, unreliable, slow, tedious and costly, automated visual tablet inspection systems are more and more commonly used.
This document discusses common tablet processing problems and their remedies. It begins by introducing tablets and defining defects related to machine, formulation, and tableting process factors. Specific defects covered include capping, lamination, cracking, chipping, sticking, picking, binding, double impression, and mottling. Potential causes and remedies are provided for each defect from both formulation and machine-related perspectives. Problems and remedies associated with tablet coating are also reviewed, such as blistering, cratering, picking and sticking, pitting, blooming, color variation, orange peel effect, bridging, and cracking or splitting. The document provides a comprehensive overview of tablet defects and potential solutions.
The document discusses several printing processes and their advantages and disadvantages:
1) Offset lithography allows for high quality printing on various papers and can print on both sides. However, it is susceptible to color variation.
2) Flexography is a high speed process but has difficulty reproducing fine detail and consistent color.
3) Gravure provides consistent color and works well on cheaper papers, but the printing plates and cylinders are expensive to produce. It is best for long print runs.
4) Screen printing is economical for short runs and stencils are easy to produce, but it has limited applications.
This document discusses various film defects that can occur during the tablet coating process, including sticking and picking, twinning, roughness, orange-peel effects, bridging and filling, blistering, color variation, cracking, hazing/dull film, chipping, peeling, and erosion. For each defect, the document explains the potential causes and recommends remedies to address the underlying issues, such as reducing the liquid application rate, increasing drying air temperature, thinning the coating solution, adjusting the pan speed, or reformulating the coating solution.
This document discusses common defects that can occur during the tablet coating process, including sticking and picking caused by overwetting, roughness from rapid drying of spray droplets, and orange peel effects from inadequate spreading of the coating solution. Other defects covered are bridging around tablet edges, filling of indentations, blistering from too rapid drying, hazing or dullness from high processing temperatures, color variation from improper mixing or ingredient migration, and cracking from internal stresses exceeding the film's tensile strength. Remedies for each defect aim to optimize the coating formulation, application process, or drying conditions.
This document discusses common processing problems that can occur during tablet manufacturing and their causes and remedies. Major problems discussed include capping, lamination, picking, sticking, mottling, chipping, and cracking. Capping is caused by air entrapment during compression and can be prevented by proper drying, sufficient binder, and removing fines. Lamination is caused by oily or waxy materials and too much lubricant, and can be addressed by modifying the mixing process and using minimal lubricant. Sticking occurs due to moisture, excess binder, or improper lubrication and drying. Remedies involve drying, lubrication, and modifying granulation.
Pharmaceuticals technology ( tablets problem & remedy)LikhonAhmed12
This document presents a summary of common tablet coating defects and their causes and remedies. It discusses 10 defects: 1) Twinning, 2) Cracking, 3) Blistering, 4) Chipping, 5) Orange peel effects, 6) Bridging, 7) Filling, 8) Blooming, 9) Cratering, and 10) Pitting. For each defect, it provides the definition, potential causes such as high coating viscosity or rapid drying, and recommended remedies like reducing the spray rate or adjusting the plasticizer concentration to minimize internal stresses and coating defects.
This document discusses common manufacturing defects that can occur during tablet production such as picking and sticking, capping and lamination, mottling, double impression, poor mixing, poor flow, weight variation, and hardness variation. For each defect, the document provides the reason for why the defect occurs and recommendations for how to correct the issue, such as using properly designed punches, adequate drying, uniform granule size distribution, and controlling punch movement. The overall goal of the document is to outline typical tablet defects, their causes, and methods for prevention.
Defects or processing problems in tablet dosage form.shital trivedi
This document summarizes common defects that can occur during tablet processing and coating. It describes defects such as capping, lamination, picking and sticking that can happen during compression from factors like moisture content, tooling issues, and compression speed. Defects in film coating like roughness, orange peel effect, bridging and filling are also outlined along with causes and remedies. Various tablet tooling sizes and types are defined at the end.
This document summarizes common defects that can occur during tablet processing and coating. It describes defects such as capping, lamination, picking and sticking that can happen during compression from factors like moisture content, tooling issues, and compression speed. Defects in film coating like roughness, orange peel effect, bridging and filling are also outlined along with causes and remedies. Various tablet tooling sizes and types are defined at the end.
Tablets are a solid dosage form made by compressing or compacting powders into a solid dose. They contain active ingredients and excipients like binders, coatings, and flavors. Tablets offer advantages like low cost, stability, and ease of production and packaging. They can be coated to control drug release or improve stability and appearance. Tablet design considerations for coating include hardness, shape, friability, porosity, and ingredients. Coating is done in pans or fluidized beds using heated air to dry the applied coating and mix the tablets. Equipment like conventional pans, perforated pans, and fluidized beds efficiently coat and dry tablets on an industrial scale.
This document provides a troubleshooting guide for common problems in packaging gravure printing. It lists 25 problems such as abrasion, scumming, picking, misting, bleeding, haze, dot skip, and streaking. For each problem, it describes how to recognize it, probable causes, and suggested remedies. The guide is intended to help solve pressroom issues and improve print quality in packaging gravure printing.
The document discusses common problems encountered in tablet manufacturing including capping, lamination, cracking, chipping, sticking, picking, binding, and double impression. For each problem, the document defines it, identifies potential causes related to the formulation or manufacturing process/machine, and provides remedies. It also discusses defects that can occur during tablet coating like picking, sticking, twinning, color variation, orange peel, roughness, bridging, blistering, erosion, and peeling/frosting.
Common defects that can occur during tablet production include capping and lamination, picking and sticking, mottling, weight variation, hardness variation, and double impressions. Capping and lamination involve the separation of the tablet layers, while picking and sticking involve material adhering to the punches. Mottling is uneven color distribution. Weight and hardness variations result from issues like poor granule flow and inconsistent compression. Double impressions occur when the lower punch rotates during ejection and makes a second impression. Care must be taken to properly formulate and process the granules, operate the tablet press correctly, and maintain the equipment to minimize these defects.
This document discusses various problems that can occur during tablet manufacturing, including capping, lamination, cracking, chipping, sticking, picking, binding, mottling, and double impression. For each problem, the causes related to the tableting process, excipients, and machine are described. Potential remedies are provided for formulation-related causes as well as machine-related causes for each problem type. The key problems discussed are related to air entrapment during compression, moisture content of granules, lubrication issues, excipient properties, and machine settings and components. Remedies involve adjusting the formulation, compression settings, and machine maintenance.
This document discusses various defects that can occur during the tableting process and their causes and remedies. It covers defects related to tableting, excipients, multiple factors, and the machine. Defects include capping, laminating, cracking, chipping, sticking, picking, binding, mottling, and double impressions. Causes can be related to formulation factors like moisture content, binder level, granule size, or machine factors like die and punch condition. Remedies involve modifying the formulation through changes to processing or composition, or adjusting machine settings and maintenance. The document provides detailed tables outlining specific causes and recommended remedies for different common defects.
This document discusses common tablet defects including capping, lamination, cracking, chipping, sticking, picking, binding, mottling, double impression, and edging/collaring. For each defect, the causes and remedies are provided. The main causes are related to formulation issues like moisture content, binder/lubricant amount, granule size/properties. The remedies involve modifying the formulation, drying process, compression settings and using proper tooling/punches.
This document discusses common processing problems that can occur during solid oral dosage form manufacturing and their potential remedies. It covers issues related to granulation, compression, and coating and provides solutions to problems like capping, lamination, chipping, cracking, sticking, and more. For each problem, it lists potential causes such as excess fines, improper drying, or machine settings and recommends remedies like adjusting formulation components, compression parameters, or equipment settings.
The document discusses tablet coating defects and remedies. It begins by introducing tablet coating as the final step in tablet production where a coating is applied to provide benefits like masking taste or protecting the tablet. It then lists and describes 18 common coating defects like blistering, blooming, chipping and provides the likely causes and remedies for each. The defects cover issues with the coating appearance, adhesion, and protection. The document aims to help formulation scientists identify and address coating problems to successfully complete tablet production.
A tablet can be imperfect in a number of ways and these defects and imperfections can either be found on the surface or in the interior layers of the product due to the formulation problems. In this tablet defect overview, we are focusing on the most common visible defects that can be discovered during the quality control, because an imperfect appearance of a single tablet in a package can raise serious doubts about integrity and quality of the product. Consequently, pharmaceutical companies continuously try to increase their efforts to assure high-quality of their products. Visual quality control can be done by various statistical schemes or by 100% visual inspection and sorting, either manual or automated. Due to the fact that statistical sampling schemes, that estimate the overall quality of a given batch of tablets at a certain confidence level, cannot assure the required quality of each tablet, they are being replaced by 100% visual inspection and sorting. Since manual visual inspection of large tablet batches is subjective, unreliable, slow, tedious and costly, automated visual tablet inspection systems are more and more commonly used.
This document discusses common tablet processing problems and their remedies. It begins by introducing tablets and defining defects related to machine, formulation, and tableting process factors. Specific defects covered include capping, lamination, cracking, chipping, sticking, picking, binding, double impression, and mottling. Potential causes and remedies are provided for each defect from both formulation and machine-related perspectives. Problems and remedies associated with tablet coating are also reviewed, such as blistering, cratering, picking and sticking, pitting, blooming, color variation, orange peel effect, bridging, and cracking or splitting. The document provides a comprehensive overview of tablet defects and potential solutions.
The document discusses several printing processes and their advantages and disadvantages:
1) Offset lithography allows for high quality printing on various papers and can print on both sides. However, it is susceptible to color variation.
2) Flexography is a high speed process but has difficulty reproducing fine detail and consistent color.
3) Gravure provides consistent color and works well on cheaper papers, but the printing plates and cylinders are expensive to produce. It is best for long print runs.
4) Screen printing is economical for short runs and stencils are easy to produce, but it has limited applications.
This document discusses various film defects that can occur during the tablet coating process, including sticking and picking, twinning, roughness, orange-peel effects, bridging and filling, blistering, color variation, cracking, hazing/dull film, chipping, peeling, and erosion. For each defect, the document explains the potential causes and recommends remedies to address the underlying issues, such as reducing the liquid application rate, increasing drying air temperature, thinning the coating solution, adjusting the pan speed, or reformulating the coating solution.
This document discusses common defects that can occur during the tablet coating process, including sticking and picking caused by overwetting, roughness from rapid drying of spray droplets, and orange peel effects from inadequate spreading of the coating solution. Other defects covered are bridging around tablet edges, filling of indentations, blistering from too rapid drying, hazing or dullness from high processing temperatures, color variation from improper mixing or ingredient migration, and cracking from internal stresses exceeding the film's tensile strength. Remedies for each defect aim to optimize the coating formulation, application process, or drying conditions.
This document discusses common processing problems that can occur during tablet manufacturing and their causes and remedies. Major problems discussed include capping, lamination, picking, sticking, mottling, chipping, and cracking. Capping is caused by air entrapment during compression and can be prevented by proper drying, sufficient binder, and removing fines. Lamination is caused by oily or waxy materials and too much lubricant, and can be addressed by modifying the mixing process and using minimal lubricant. Sticking occurs due to moisture, excess binder, or improper lubrication and drying. Remedies involve drying, lubrication, and modifying granulation.
Pharmaceuticals technology ( tablets problem & remedy)LikhonAhmed12
This document presents a summary of common tablet coating defects and their causes and remedies. It discusses 10 defects: 1) Twinning, 2) Cracking, 3) Blistering, 4) Chipping, 5) Orange peel effects, 6) Bridging, 7) Filling, 8) Blooming, 9) Cratering, and 10) Pitting. For each defect, it provides the definition, potential causes such as high coating viscosity or rapid drying, and recommended remedies like reducing the spray rate or adjusting the plasticizer concentration to minimize internal stresses and coating defects.
This document discusses common manufacturing defects that can occur during tablet production such as picking and sticking, capping and lamination, mottling, double impression, poor mixing, poor flow, weight variation, and hardness variation. For each defect, the document provides the reason for why the defect occurs and recommendations for how to correct the issue, such as using properly designed punches, adequate drying, uniform granule size distribution, and controlling punch movement. The overall goal of the document is to outline typical tablet defects, their causes, and methods for prevention.
Defects or processing problems in tablet dosage form.shital trivedi
This document summarizes common defects that can occur during tablet processing and coating. It describes defects such as capping, lamination, picking and sticking that can happen during compression from factors like moisture content, tooling issues, and compression speed. Defects in film coating like roughness, orange peel effect, bridging and filling are also outlined along with causes and remedies. Various tablet tooling sizes and types are defined at the end.
This document summarizes common defects that can occur during tablet processing and coating. It describes defects such as capping, lamination, picking and sticking that can happen during compression from factors like moisture content, tooling issues, and compression speed. Defects in film coating like roughness, orange peel effect, bridging and filling are also outlined along with causes and remedies. Various tablet tooling sizes and types are defined at the end.
Tablets are a solid dosage form made by compressing or compacting powders into a solid dose. They contain active ingredients and excipients like binders, coatings, and flavors. Tablets offer advantages like low cost, stability, and ease of production and packaging. They can be coated to control drug release or improve stability and appearance. Tablet design considerations for coating include hardness, shape, friability, porosity, and ingredients. Coating is done in pans or fluidized beds using heated air to dry the applied coating and mix the tablets. Equipment like conventional pans, perforated pans, and fluidized beds efficiently coat and dry tablets on an industrial scale.
This document provides a troubleshooting guide for common problems in packaging gravure printing. It lists 25 problems such as abrasion, scumming, picking, misting, bleeding, haze, dot skip, and streaking. For each problem, it describes how to recognize it, probable causes, and suggested remedies. The guide is intended to help solve pressroom issues and improve print quality in packaging gravure printing.
1. Picking:
o
Picking happens when a part of the
tablets gets sticks to the punch surface and gets eroded from the tablet
surface
o
This mostly happens with the upper
punch. And if this is left unchecked then this may lead to weight
variation
too.
Sno Cause Remedy
1. Due The
to engraving or embossing on letters to be embossed should be in large
the upper punch size particularly on small punches,
or the size of the tablet be increased.
2. Rough The
punch surface punch surface should be coated with
chromium so as to get a smooth non
adherent face of punch.
3. Sticky Colloidal
surface of tablet silica may be added in the formula as
polishing agent to avoid sticking to
the punch
4. Too Reduce
deep dividing lines the depth of the division.
5. Excess Proper
moisture. drying of granules.
6. Hot The
granules while compression granules are to be dried so that they do not
stick.
7. Excess Reduce
2. binder. the amount or change the binder so that the
adhesive force is reduced and
more cohesive it becomes.
Sticking:
o
It refers to the sticking of the tablet
material with the die walls.
o
Due to this sticking with the die walls,
additional force is required to eject the tablet form the die walls.
o
Sticking also causes production of
tablets with rough edges.
o
If this problem persists, then this can
cause chipping of the tablet.
o
It produced unusual stress on the cam
track and punch heads resulting in their damage!
Sno Cause Remedy
1. Low Increase
pressure the pressure of punching
2. Fast compression Increase
the contact time by reducing the speed
3. Greater Reducethe
3. concavity of the punch concavity of the punch to optimum level.
Binding:
o
Binding is sticking of the tablet to the
die and does not eject properly out of the die.
o
It may be mainly due to lack of proper
lubricant or less quantity of lubricant, or may be due to excess
moisture in
the tablet.
Sno Cause Remedy
1. Less Increase
or incorrect lubricant the conc of lubricant or use appropriate
lubricant
2. High The
moisture content of the tablet granules are to be properly dried.
material
3. Hard Reduce
granules reducing the the size of the granules by passing through
effectiveness of lubricant 30 mesh so that increased surface
area can increase the chances of even
binding of the lubricant.
4. Worn Polish
out dies walls the dies properly
5. Excess Reduce
4. pressure in the die the pressure with in the die.
Chipping:
o
Chipping usually happens around the
tablet surface, small pieces are broken out or chipped out of the tablet.
o
It is mainly due to improper machine setting, like
ejection of the tablet.
Sno Cause Remedy
1. Too Moistane
much drying the granule with an hygroscopic substance
2. Worn Polish
out punches the punch surface to get a smooth finish
3. Sticking Addition
of the tablet material to the of proper lubricant and properly dry the
punch granules.
4. Non Polish
cylindrical dies with gap in the the dies so that they become cylindrical
edges shape.
5. Mottling:
o
Mottling is uneven distribution of the
colour on the surface of the tablet, with dark and light patches on it.
o
It is mainly due to different
colouration of the excipient or the degradation product of the tablet is
coloured.
(7)
Sno Cause Remedy
1. A The
dye may cause mottling when it formulator is intended to change the
migrates to the surface during solvent system, binder system, drying
the granulation temperature.
process
2. When The
coloured binder solution is not addition should in the sequence of First the
evenly distributed during mixing powder colorant is added
process followed by the binder like acacia or
tragacanth, followed by the addition of
granulating liquid, and properly mixed.
3. A Addition
colored active ingredient used of appropriate colouring agent.
along with colourless excipients.
6. Capping:
o
Capping is a complete or partial
separation of the upper or lower surface of the tablet horizontally,
when the
tablet comes out of the die.
o
When the air is entrapped in between the
tablet material in a die, and when the material gets compressed
between the two
punches, the air entrapped also gets compressed, but when the
pressure is released
on the tablet I.e. when the two punched move apart and the tablet
ejects out of
the die, the compressed sir expands and leads to capping.
Sno Cause Remedy
1. Large To
number of fines in the material remove the excess of fines the granulation
material should bee passed through
100 to 200 mesh.
2. Improperly Dry
dried granules the granules properly.
3. Inadequate Increase
or improper binder the quantity of binder or use and
appropriate one.
7. 4. Compression Compress
may not be firm due to cool the tablet material at higher temperature.
temperature
5. Improper Correct
setting of the lower punch, height of the lower punch should be
which adjusted so that the tablet is smoothly
causes the sweep off blade to cutejected out.
the surface
Lamination:
o
It is similar to capping but here the
tablet gets separated into layers.
o
It can once again occur due to the air
entrapment or due to the high speed of turret
Sno Cause Remedy
1. Fast Precompression
decompression of the tablet step should be included in the process, so
that the pressure at the final compression
is reduces.
2. Granules Suitable
may contain oily or waxy adsorbent or absorbent should be added.
material
8. (8)
(tablet capping and lamination)
Double impression:
o
It is seen when the tablet punches have
engraving or monograms on it to be embossed on the tablet.
9. o
When the tablet material comes into the
die for the compression both the punches come in contact with the
tablet
material and compress it, the next step is ejection of the tablet from
the die,
o
During ejection process the lower punch
travels a small distance down and then comes up to give a gentle push
to the
tablet, at this point when the lower punch moves down and comes up
it moves in
a swirlling motion, due to the free rotation when it comes in contact
with the
tablet for the second time to push it up it leaves another impression on
the
tablet. Which is leads to double impression.
o
To avoid this key are to be used along
the sides of the punches, so that it prevents rotation of the punches.