Printers are familiar with the problem: Printing sheets stick together because
they are electro-statically charged. The result: Several sheets are simultaneously
sucked in from the stack, stopping up the feeder. Static electricity arises from
Either an electron deficit (positive charge) or an excess of electrons (negative
charge) on the surface of the paper.
Printers are familiar with the problem: Printing sheets stick together because
they are electro-statically charged. The result: Several sheets are simultaneously
sucked in from the stack, stopping up the feeder. Static electricity arises from
Either an electron deficit (positive charge) or an excess of electrons (negative
charge) on the surface of the paper.
As much as we would like it to be, the simple fact is that rollers do not last forever. The roller surface and rubber composition change, they become glazed in appearance and their Shore hardness increases. Contamination can occur in many ways - by using inferior washes, calcium build up from paper, powder spray, water supply, gums and additives from fountain solutions and press sundries. These things do happen - nothing lasts forever but there is a lot you can do to prolong the life of your rollers and achieve greater efficiency in production and cost savings
The blanket is a real all-rounder and lies at the heart of offset printing. It has to transfer text and graphic elements exactly from the printing plate to printing stock. An incredibly demanding task when you take a closer look at what all that involves.
As much as we would like it to be, the simple fact is that rollers do not last forever. The roller surface and rubber composition change, they become glazed in appearance and their Shore hardness increases. Contamination can occur in many ways - by using inferior washes, calcium build up from paper, powder spray, water supply, gums and additives from fountain solutions and press sundries. These things do happen - nothing lasts forever but there is a lot you can do to prolong the life of your rollers and achieve greater efficiency in production and cost savings.
Sticking occurs when granules attach themselves to the faces of tablet press punches. Picking is a more specific term that describes product sticking only within the letters, logos, or designs on the punch faces. This article explains the causes of
sticking and picking and describes the steps you can take to
resolve both problems.
Tablet defects can come from any of the unit operations upstream and from the tablet press. The raw materials may be of poor quality or do not meet specifications, causing excessive fines that lead to a host of defects. The formulation may be the source of defects if the material does not compress well or the processing step specified within the formulation fail to produce a powder with a good flow, compressibility, and ejection properties. The processing and granulation of powder are often the sources of the defect.
Every product behaves differently on a tablet press, even if it‘s the same product run on a different day. The variation often
stems from changes in the properties of the raw materials—active ingredients and excipients- from batch to batch. Naturally,
the goal is to minimize these changes. Tablet press operators, however, don‘t have any control over formulation and
granulation. Tablet specifications are tight, and the list of possible defects is long: Variable weight, sticking, picking, capping, lamination, variable hardness, among others. This article focuses on these variations. It pinpoints the possible causes of these defects and offers advice on preventing and fixing the source of the problems.
Foil printing is to print some pattern with the foil on the fabric for shiny effect. There are two kind of foil printing method. This printing method is based on the use of metallic foil paper of aluminum or copper one. Foil is applied by adhesive. The print fixation method is similar to transfer printing.
Tablet processing problems and their remedies ronit ghosh RONIT GHOSH
This Presentation Mainly Consists Of :--------- INTRODUCTION TO TABLETS ; ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES ; TABLET DEFFECTS DURING PROCESSING TIME WITH REMIDIES ; TABLET PROBLEMS DURING COATING WITH REMEDIES
Various compounds of lead especially oxides of lead are used as pigments in paints. This presentation is a lesson about preparation, properties and uses of lead pigments.
As much as we would like it to be, the simple fact is that rollers do not last forever. The roller surface and rubber composition change, they become glazed in appearance and their Shore hardness increases. Contamination can occur in many ways - by using inferior washes, calcium build up from paper, powder spray, water supply, gums and additives from fountain solutions and press sundries. These things do happen - nothing lasts forever but there is a lot you can do to prolong the life of your rollers and achieve greater efficiency in production and cost savings
The blanket is a real all-rounder and lies at the heart of offset printing. It has to transfer text and graphic elements exactly from the printing plate to printing stock. An incredibly demanding task when you take a closer look at what all that involves.
As much as we would like it to be, the simple fact is that rollers do not last forever. The roller surface and rubber composition change, they become glazed in appearance and their Shore hardness increases. Contamination can occur in many ways - by using inferior washes, calcium build up from paper, powder spray, water supply, gums and additives from fountain solutions and press sundries. These things do happen - nothing lasts forever but there is a lot you can do to prolong the life of your rollers and achieve greater efficiency in production and cost savings.
Sticking occurs when granules attach themselves to the faces of tablet press punches. Picking is a more specific term that describes product sticking only within the letters, logos, or designs on the punch faces. This article explains the causes of
sticking and picking and describes the steps you can take to
resolve both problems.
Tablet defects can come from any of the unit operations upstream and from the tablet press. The raw materials may be of poor quality or do not meet specifications, causing excessive fines that lead to a host of defects. The formulation may be the source of defects if the material does not compress well or the processing step specified within the formulation fail to produce a powder with a good flow, compressibility, and ejection properties. The processing and granulation of powder are often the sources of the defect.
Every product behaves differently on a tablet press, even if it‘s the same product run on a different day. The variation often
stems from changes in the properties of the raw materials—active ingredients and excipients- from batch to batch. Naturally,
the goal is to minimize these changes. Tablet press operators, however, don‘t have any control over formulation and
granulation. Tablet specifications are tight, and the list of possible defects is long: Variable weight, sticking, picking, capping, lamination, variable hardness, among others. This article focuses on these variations. It pinpoints the possible causes of these defects and offers advice on preventing and fixing the source of the problems.
Foil printing is to print some pattern with the foil on the fabric for shiny effect. There are two kind of foil printing method. This printing method is based on the use of metallic foil paper of aluminum or copper one. Foil is applied by adhesive. The print fixation method is similar to transfer printing.
Tablet processing problems and their remedies ronit ghosh RONIT GHOSH
This Presentation Mainly Consists Of :--------- INTRODUCTION TO TABLETS ; ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES ; TABLET DEFFECTS DURING PROCESSING TIME WITH REMIDIES ; TABLET PROBLEMS DURING COATING WITH REMEDIES
Various compounds of lead especially oxides of lead are used as pigments in paints. This presentation is a lesson about preparation, properties and uses of lead pigments.
Needham Inks has situated in the UK and have worked as the printing Ink Manufacturers. We have a staff of well trained development team so we can provide genuine quality products to our customers.
Chemistry of paint: Where does paint come from?Joshua Eckert
Chemistry of paint: Where does paint come from?
Adaptable for High School or University level.
Deliver this short lecture midway through an "Intro to Painting" lesson.
Pigment is derived from word “pigmentum” means coloring matter.
“Pigments are organic and inorganic materials which are practically insoluble in medium in which they are incorporated
Article on history, evolution, types, production and uses of various industrial inks, dyes, pigments, colors and there usage in various other applications
The ability to coat tablets well is often considered more of an art than a science. Traditional coating uses a sugar solution that is applied one layer at a time through a process called the three D’s; dose, distribute, and dry. Once at the proper temperature the tumbling cores are exposed to an initial dose of solution which is added by the use of a (soup) ladle, pumped, or a controlled spray nozzle. The solution is added in steps and after each addition the cores are continually tumbled to distribute the solution evenly while forced air is blown over the surface of the bed of cores to facilitate the drying process. This process of dose, distribute, and dry is done layer by layer until the required 50-100% weight gain achieves the desired buildup and appearance. Many companies made their own proprietary solution that was kept a closely guarded secret. The art was knowing when the cores were ready for the next layer. If solution was added too soon the cores would stick to each other pulling the coating off other cores. If the previous coating layer was over-dried then the next layer wouldn’t adhere properly creating blemishes and rough surfaces, resulting in a defective coating. In the old days coating a tablet was an art, having a lot of touch and feel. Today coatings are demanding because they must do more than a sugar coat and taste mask. Nowadays most tablets are coated with a thin film, referred to as film coating. A typical film is either just a thin clear coating or a more controlled build up of color coating, most commonly a 3% build up of total tablet weight.
While the coating instructions must be carefully followed to achieve a optimum result, the process is not limited to the treatment of one article at a time. By securely attaching articles to a rack or spindle, users can treat a number of objects simultaneously. Naturally, care must taken to assure that the articles are compatible in size and shape and that all surfaces are accessible to the PChrome spray process.
Similar to Prasentationorignal 150121033017-conversion-gate02 (20)
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
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State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
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Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
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Speakers:
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👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
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2. Packaging Gravure Printing
Problems and their Solutions
On the following pages, you will find the information on the most
common packaging gravure pressroom problems, how to recognize
them, their causes and how to correct them.
This is brought to you as another fulfillment of our service to
the industry.
This information contained herein is based on tests and reports
considered reliable but is presented without guarantee of
responsibility as to the applicability, correctness of this
information or the suitability of our products whether used singly
or in combination with other products. The products referred to
above are sold without warranty, expressed or implied.
3. TABLE OF CONTENTS.
1. Abrasion
2. Scumming
3. Picking
4. Misting or Cobwebs
5. Bleeding
6. Haze
7. Dot skip
8. Mottling
9. Pinholes
10. Blocking
11. Foaming
12. Static
13. Poor Adhesion
14. Ink Drying Fast
15. Ink Drying Slow
16. Drying in
17. Screening
18. Grainy Print
19. Slur
20. Fisheye
21. Streaking
22. Setoff or offset
23. Lines or railroads
24. Brittleness
25. Picking in multicolor work
4. ABRASION
How recognized Probable Causes Suggested Remedy
Cylinder wears out 1. Pigment not ground 1. Disperse pigment better
at a faster rate than properly.
normal
2. Inherent character of 2. Ink maker should select
pigment used proper pigment.
3. Fast solvent used. 3. Balance the solvent.
4. Poor chrome coating of 4. Re chrome the cylinder
cylinder.
5. Cylinder design 5. Remake the design
6. Doctor blade does not 6. Adjust doctor blade.
oscillate properly.
7. Excessive doctor blade 7. Adjust doctor blade.
pressure
8. Foreign material in ink. 8. Change to fresh ink
5. SCUMMING
How Recognized Probable Causes Suggested Remedy
Faint ink appears on 1. Surface of the chrome 1. Polish the cylinder well
Non-image areas of the cylinder porous enough to
printed substrate hold a thin film of ink.
2. Doctor blade not wiping 2. Adjust doctor blade if
the cylinder clean. possible or change to a new
doctor blade.
3. Different particle size 3. Reformulate ink.
pigments present in the
ink.
6. PICKING
How recognized Probable Causes Suggested Remedy
Imperfect printing 1. Ink drying slow 1. Add faster solvents
with noticeable areas
with no ink 2. Heat applied is low 2. Adjust heaters and air
velocity.
3. Too heavy ink applied 3. Reduce viscosity of ink
with extender varnish.
7. MISTING OR COBWEBS
How Recognized Probable Causes Suggested Remedy
Filmy, web-like build 1. Applicator 1. Repair defect
up on doctor blade,
impression roll, 2.Air drafts at nip 2. Stop excess air movement
engraving or press
frame. 3.Dried ink 3. Check oven for down draft
on cylinder.
4. Faster drying rate 4. Check solvent mix
of ink.
5. Ink high viscosity 5. Reduce viscosity to normal
level.
8. BLEEDING.
How Recognized Probable Causes Suggested Remedy
One colour into 1. Ink dries too slow 1. Use right solvent
another or a tint
or stain of the colour 2. Insufficient heating 2. Adjust oven temperature
on the printed substrate
3. Insufficient air circulation 3. Increase air velocity
4. In correct ink used 4. Use the right ink after
consulting the ink maker.
9. HAZE
How Recognized Probable Causes Suggested Remedy
Appearance of slight 1. Slight roughness in 1. Polish cylinder
opacity in clear film cylinder
Foggy appearance in 2. Poor wipe 2. Check doctor blade
ink film.
3. Over pigmented ink 3. Add clear extender varnish
4. Poor Chrome job 4. Remake the cylinder
5. Humidity high in the 5. Install humidity control
press room.
6. Poor solvent mix used 6. Use right solvent mix
7. Improper stock tension 7. Adjust tension on stock.
10. DOT SKIP
How Recognized Probable Causes Suggested Remedy
Random, generally 1. Rough printing surface 1. Use primer coat if possible
minute, spots of
unprinted areas 2. Lack of impression to the 2. Check impression to the
showing through substrate substrate
a printed area.
3. Ink drying too fast 3. Use slower solvents
Engraving dots that
have not printed. 4. Ink does not get applied 4. Check ink applicator
to the cylinder
5. Ink has high viscosity 5. Reduce viscosity to the
required level.
6. Poor ink flow to the duct 6. Check circulation pump.
11. MOTTLING
How Recognized Probable Causes Suggested Remedy
Poor lay of ink on 1. Ink does not wet the 1.Change blade angle,
the substrate substrate evenly change solvent mix
2. Ink too thin 2. Add fresh ink to increase
viscosity.
3. Incorrect Pigment used 3. Consult Ink Maker to re formulate
the ink
4. Slow press speed 4. Increase press speed.
5. Cylinder etching deep 5. Re-etch the cylinder
6. Impression cylinder 6. Use correct pressure
pressure too high
12. PIN HOLES
How Recognized Probable Causes Suggested Remedy
Appearance of small 1. Ink fails to form a 1. Adjust vehicle to reduce
Holes in the printed complete film viscosity, use active solvents
area
2. Imperfection in stock 2. Adjust blade angle
3. Wrong ink for the stock 3. Change to correct ink
in use.
4. Stock too rough 4. Electrostatic assist may
help.
13. BLOCKING
How Recognized Probable Causes Suggested Remedy
Undesired adhesion 1. Improper drying 1. Adjust solvent mix
Between the surfaces
2. Trapped solvent 2. Use proper solvent balance
3. Web rewound too 3. Use of chill rollers
warm
4. Excess pressure in 4. Reduce rewind tension
rewind
5. Ink has higher plasti - 5. Check ink formulation
cizer content
6. Low melting point resins 6. Check ink formulations
used in the inks
7. Insufficient heat applied 7. Adjust oven temperatures
for drying
14. FOAMING
How Recognized Probable Causes Suggested Remedy
Small bubbles in ink 1. Internal friction 1. Use anti foam
(surface tension problem)
2. Ink pump too efficient 2. Reduce speed of ink pump
3. Insufficient defoamer in 3. Add required amount of
the ink formulation antifoam to the ink.
15. STATIC
How Recognized Probable Causes Suggested Remedy
Fuzz hairs. 1. In the web 1. Put a piece of aluminum
Foil to the web
2. Low moisture 2. Increase humidity
3. Low viscosity ink 3. Add fresh ink to increase
viscosity.
4. Use polar solvents if
possible
5. Add steam vapor to web
16. POOR ADHESION
How to Recognize Probable Cause Suggested Remedy
Ink fails to adhere to 1. Incorrect ink used 1. Use the right ink for
Material, substrate used.
Fails tape test, 2. Ink reduced too much, binder 2. Add fresh ink to
Percentage becomes low increase, binder % and
Fails crinkle test, viscosity.
press
3. Poor Drying systems at the 3. Correct drying system
press. in the press room
4. Substrate not properly treated 4. Check treatment level
5.Surface of the substrate 5. Check with the
contaminated stock supplier and
consider applying a
wash coat.
17. INK DRYING FAST
How to recognize Probable Causes Suggested Remedy.
Ink drying on plates and/or 1. Improper use of solvents. 1. Use proper solvents
roller and failing to transfer
to substrates 2. Uncontrolled or unrestricted 2. Control air
movement of air in the movements so that
vicinity of plates and rollers it does not affect
ink drying.
3. Failure to use fountain covers 3. Use fountain covers
4. Dried ink on plate from start- 4. Clean the plate well
up before full run.
18. INK DRYING SLOW
How to Recognize Probable Causes Suggested Remedy.
One color bleeding into 1. Use of improper solvents. 1. Use proper solvents
another(improper trapping)
Ink pick-off or transfer to 2. Ink viscosity too high 2. Use correct ink
press rollers and/or plates. Viscosity and also
check viscosity
Ink set off or blocking . frequently.
Tacky surface 3. Inadequate or unbalanced 3. Adjust drying to
drying system suit press speed.
4. Lack of wax compound 4. Add wax compd.
19. DRYING IN
How Recognized Probable Causes Suggested Remedy
Weak Print 1. High viscosity ink 1. Reduce viscosity
2. Short body ink 2. Add clear varnish
3. Air drafts at nip 3. Check oven and
fountain.
4. Ink drying fast 4. Adjust ink drying
by adding slow solvent
5. Wiping too much 5. Adjust doctor blade
6. Impression pressure 6. Adjust impression
high pressure
7. Press speed 7. Adjust press speed.
20. SCREENING
How Recognized Probable Causes Suggested Remedy
Improper print showing 1. High viscosity ink 1. Reduce viscosity
a screen pattern
2. Ink drying fast 2. Add slower solvents
3. Too sharp blade angle 3. Flatten wipe of blade
21. GRAINY PRINT
How Recognized Probable Causes Suggested Remedy
Print not smooth 1. High viscosity ink 1. Reduce ink viscosity
2. Press speed too slow 2. Increase press speed
3. Stock too dry 3. Introduce moisture or
humid air
4. Vary temperatures of stock
and fountain ink
22. SLUR or DRAG-OUT
How Recognized Probable Causes Suggested Remedy
A bead of excessive 1. Ink too thin 1. Increase viscosity of ink
ink that appears at
trailing edge of print 2. Wavy doctor blade 2. Align doctor blade proper
3. Blade angle not right 3. Adjust and clean blade
4. Poor tension control 4. Adjust tension to the
correct level
5. Ink drying too slow 5. Speed up ink drying by
adding faster drying solvents
23. FISH EYE
How Recognized Probable Causes Suggested Remedy
Prints consists only 1. Ink drying fast 1. Add slow drying solvents
circumference of
screen dots 2. Improper solvent Balance 2. Balance the solvent mix
24. STREAKING
How Recognized Probable Causes Suggested Remedy
Ink deposited in shape 1. Cylinder problem 1. Polish cylinder
of comets and darts
2. Foreign substance 2. Filter the ink
under doctor blade
3. Poor chrome job 3. Check for loose or flaky
chrome , check engravers
proof and re chrome
if necessary.
25. SET OFF OR OFFSET
How Recognized Probable Causes Suggested Remedy
Transfer of the printed 1. Wet or tacky ink film 1. Use correct solvent mix for
matter to the reverse effective drying.
side of sheet or web
2. Insufficient heat and air 2. Adjust oven and air
applied to the substrate circulation
3. Rewind tension high 3. Reduce rewind tension
4. Slow drying ink used 4. Speed up drying of ink
26. LINES OR RAILROADS
How Recognized Probable Causes Suggested Remedy
Continuous lines 1. Scratches on cylinder 1. Polish or remake cylinder
showing in the unprinted
areas 2. Damaged doctor blade 2. Replace doctor blade
3. Particles logged under 3. Filter the ink
the doctor blade
4. Cylinder not uniform or 4. Remove burr and polish
chrome deposits uneven cylinder
27. BRITTLENESS
How Recognized Probable Causes Suggested Remedy
Substrate breaks on 1. Excess heat in the 1. Control Web temperature
Flexing drying system
2. Loss of moisture in 2. Introduce moisture
substrate
3. Ink does not have 3. Add plasticizer or request
enough plasticizer for reformulated ink
28. PICKING IN MULTICOLOUR
WORK
How Recognized Probable Causes Suggested Remedy
Previous ink picks off 1. 1st down ink drying 1. Increase drying speed of
Sheet or on roller too slow first down colour.
2. 2nd down ink highly 2. Reduce viscosity of 2nd
viscous down ink.