The document provides a table summarizing English tenses. It lists the affirmative, negative, and question forms for each tense and describes their typical uses and signal words. The tenses covered include the simple present, present progressive, simple past, past progressive, present perfect, present perfect progressive, past perfect, past perfect progressive, future I simple, future I progressive, future II simple, and future II progressive.

1. English Grammar Reference and Exercises
Table of English Tenses
Tense Affirmative/Negative/Question Use Signal Words
always, every …, never,
 action in the present taking place once,
Simple Present A: He speaks. normally, often, seldom,
N: He does not speak. never or several times sometimes, usually
Q: Does he speak?  facts if sentences type I (If I
talk, …)
 actions taking place one after another
 action set by a timetable or schedule
Present Progressive A: He is speaking. at the moment, just, just
 action taking place in the moment of
N: He is not speaking. now, Listen!, Look!, now,
Q: Is he speaking? speaking right now
 action taking place only for a limited
period of time
 action arranged for the future
Simple Past A: He spoke. yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in
 action in the past taking place once,
N: He did not speak. 1990, the other day, last
Q: Did he speak? never or several times Friday
 actions taking place one after another if sentence type II (If I
talked, …)
 action taking place in the middle of
another action
Past Progressive A: He was speaking. when, while, as long as
 action going on at a certain time in the
N: He was not speaking.
Q: Was he speaking? past
 actions taking place at the same time
 action in the past that is interrupted by
another action
Present Perfect Simple A: He has spoken. already, ever, just, never, not
 putting emphasis on the result
N: He has not spoken. yet, so far, till now, up to
Q: Has he spoken?  action that is still going on now
 action that stopped recently
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2.  finished action that has an influence on
the present
 action that has taken place once, never
or several times before the moment of
speaking
Present Perfect Progressive A: He has been speaking. all day, for 4 years, since
 putting emphasis on the course or
N: He has not been speaking. 1993, how long?, the whole
Q: Has he been speaking? duration (not the result) week
 action that recently stopped or is still
going on
 finished action that influenced the
present
Past Perfect Simple A: He had spoken. already, just, never, not yet,
 action taking place before a certain
N: He had not spoken. once, until that day
Q: Had he spoken? time in the past if sentence type III (If I had
 sometimes interchangeable with past talked, …)
perfect progressive
 putting emphasis only on the fact (not
the duration)
Past Perfect Progressive A: He had been speaking. for, since, the whole day, all
 action taking place before a certain
N: He had not been speaking. day
Q: Had he been speaking? time in the past
 sometimes interchangeable with past
perfect simple
 putting emphasis on the duration or
course of an action
Future I Simple A: He will speak. in a year, next …, tomorrow
 action in the future that cannot be
N: He will not speak. If-Satz Typ I (If you ask her,
Q: Will he speak? influenced she will help you.)
 spontaneous decision assumption: I think,
probably, perhaps
 assumption with regard to the future
Future I Simple A: He is going to speak. in one year, next week,
 decision made for the future
N: He is not going to speak. tomorrow
(going to) Q: Is he going to speak?  conclusion with regard to the future
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3. Future I Progressive A: He will be speaking. in one year, next week,
 action that is going on at a certain time
N: He will not be speaking. tomorrow
Q: Will he be speaking? in the future
 action that is sure to happen in the near
future
Future II Simple A: He will have spoken. by Monday, in a week
 action that will be finished at a certain
N: He will not have spoken.
Q: Will he have spoken? time in the future
Future II Progressive A: He will have been speaking. for …, the last couple of
 action taking place before a certain
N: He will not have been hours, all day long
speaking. time in the future
Q: Will he have been speaking?  putting emphasis on the course of an
action
Conditional I Simple A: He would speak. if sentences type II
 action that might take place
N: He would not speak. (If I were you, I would go
Q: Would he speak? home.)
Conditional I Progressive A: He would be speaking.
 action that might take place
N: He would not be speaking.
Q: Would he be speaking?  putting emphasis on the course /
duration of the action
Conditional II Simple A: He would have spoken. if sentences type III
 action that might have taken place in
N: He would not have spoken. (If I had seen that, I would
Q: Would he have spoken? the past have helped.)
Conditional II Progressive A: He would have been speaking.
 action that might have taken place in
N: He would not have been
speaking. the past
Q: Would he have been  puts emphasis on the course / duration
speaking?
of the action
Teacher: LUZ ZÚNICO TELLO
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